Akukho nto ichaza utshintsho olukhulu lwezopolitiko ikarikuni kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo kunomba weendaba obonakala umncinci uxela loo Nkulumbuso Recep Tayyip Erdogan nomkakhe Emine Erdogan uzimase isidlo sabucala se-iftar (isidlo esingokwesithethe sokwaphula iRamadan ngokukhawuleza ngokuhlwa ngabunye) ngokumenywa yiNtloko yaBasebenzi yaseTurkey, Jikelele. Necdet Özel, kwikhaya lakhe elisemthethweni. Kwakuyiminyaka embalwa ngaphambi koko apho ubunkokeli bomkhosi beza neenwele ezibangela ukuba kufutshane nokurhola ubhukuqo-mbuso ukuze kususwe ubukhosi. IPPA ubunkokeli. Ewe, ukungenelela komkhosi okunjalo kubomi bezopolitiko baseTurkey bekungayi kuba yinto entsha. ITurkey yafumana ungcelele lobhukuqo-mbuso ebudeni bobomi bayo beriphabliki olwaqala ngowe-1923. Owona mzekelo wamva nje wokungenelela komkhosi kubunkokeli obanyuliweyo eTurkey kwenzeka ngowe-1997 xa iNkulumbuso uNecmettin Erbakan ngobugusha wayishiyayo iofisi phantsi koxinzelelo olufikelela kwisigqibo, ngokungekho mthethweni. iqela lakhe lezopolitiko, waza wavuma ukurhoxa kwimicimbi yezopolitiko isithuba seminyaka emihlanu kwinto eyaba kukubhukuqa ngaphandle kwegazi okubangelwa yinkqubo yakhe yobuSilamsi. Ngokungafaniyo nobhukuqo-mbuso lwangaphambili lowe-1960, 1971, nowe-1980 xa umkhosi wathabatha igunya kangangexesha elithile, ubhukuqo-mbuso lowe-1997 ngaphandle kwegazi lwalandelwa kukuvumela abezobupolitika ukuba baseke urhulumente omtsha ongekho mkhosini. Ngokwenene, ukujonga emva kwixesha nje emva kokuba i-AKP ilawula ngo-2002, into eyothusayo kukuba ubhukuqo-mbuso lwenziwa. hayi kwenzeke. Sisalindele amagqabantshintshi anolwazi acacisa ukuba kutheni. Okwangoku, abo baxabisa impucuko yolawulo banokuthuthuzeleka kwithemba elihlayo lokuthatyathwa komkhosi wexesha elizayo kubomi bezopolitiko baseTurkey, kwaye esi siganeko sentlalontle ye-iftar yimbonakaliso eyomeleleyo yobudlelwane obunempilo kakhulu bomkhosi-mkhosi kunokuba bekunjalo elidlulileyo.
Ukuphucula iTurkey Ubudlelwane boMkhosi woLuntu
Ngandlel’ ithile ehlab’ umxhelo, kodwa engabalulekanga kangako njengophawu lwale nguquko imangalisayo, kukukhumbula ukuba kungekudala emva kokuba i-AKP ifumene ulawulo lukarhulumente ngo-2002, kwabhengezwa kakhulu ukuba abafazi beenkokeli ezinyuliweyo abamkelekanga kuba babenxiba. I-headscarves kwindibano enkulu yentlalontle yamagosa aphezulu omkhosi kwiBhola yoMkhosi yoSuku loMkhosi wonyaka obanjwe ekupheleni kwehlobo e-Ankara kunye nokuthandwa okukhulu. Kwavela umba ofanayo kwiminyaka embalwa kamva xa abakwaKemalist banyanzelisa ukuba u-Abdullah Gul angavunyelwa ukuba abe ngumongameli waseTurkey ngenxa yokuba iqhiya yenkosikazi yakhe yayibonisa ihlabathi ukuba akamelanga uluntu lwaseTurkey ngendlela yaseYurophu enxulumene nomseki. kwiriphabliki, Kemal Atatürk.
Ubungqina benkundla yakutsha nje ngowayesakuba yiNtloko yaBasebenzi baseTurkey, Hilmi Özkök, iqinisekisa oko abaninzi kudala bekukrokrela, ukuba zikhona izicwangciso ngo-2003-2004 ezixhaswa ngamagosa omkhosi akwinqanaba eliphezulu ukuba aphelise intando yabavoti baseTurkey ngokususa i-AKP kwisikhundla sayo sobunkokeli kurhulumente nokunyanzeliswa komthetho wokulwa. Ezo nkumbulo zimbi kangaka zeminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kufuneka zisincede sikuqonde ukubaluleka kwesi sidlo sangokuhlwa se-iftar samva nje phakathi kwe-Erdogans kunye no-Özels njengembonakaliso enamandla yokuhlala phakathi kwamaziko omkhosi kunye neenkokheli zopolitiko eTurkey. Isiganeko esinjalo sisinceda siqonde ukuba zingakanani izinto ezitshintshileyo, kwaye ngcono, malunga nobudlelwane boluntu nomkhosi.
Esi siganeko sinokusitolika ngeendlela ezimbini ubuncinane. Okokuqala, ebonisa isimo sengqondo sokuyekelela ngakumbi kwicala lomkhosi abafazi Turkish abanxiba iqhiya entloko ngokuhambelana nesithethe samaSilamsi. Nangona olu phawu lwe-nomalization luyinyathelo eliqinisekileyo, iTurkey inendlela ende yokuhamba ngaphambi kokuba isuse iintlobo ezininzi zocalucalulo kubafazi be-headscarf abaqhubeka bethintela ubomi babo kunye nokukhethwa komsebenzi ngeendlela ezingamkelekanga kwimbono yenkululeko yonqulo. kunye namalungelo oluntu. Okwesibini, kwaye ngokubalulekileyo, olu phuhliso lubonisa ukuba imikhosi exhobileyo ibonakala ekugqibeleni ixolelanise ukuthandwa kunye nobuchule bobunkokeli be-AKP. Oku kubalulekile njengoko kubonisa ukuvuma ukwamkela indima encitshisiweyo yomkhosi kwinkqubo ehlaziyiweyo yomgaqo-siseko waseTurkey, kunye nokubonisa ukuthembela ekunyanisekeni kwezibhambathiso ze-AKP zokubambelela kwimigaqo yehlabathi equka intlonipho yokuzimela komkhosi. Le mpumelelo yokugqibela iphawuleka kakhulu, imbeko kwisakhono athe u-Erdogan waphatha ngayo impucuko yenkqubo yolawulo yaseTurkey, kwaye ngenxa yoko unikwa ikhredithi encinci ngokumangalisayo ngamajelo eendaba ezizwe ngezizwe, kwaye phantse akukho namnye ngamajelo eendaba aseTurkey. Umphumo onjalo wawuphantse ube yinto engenakwenzeka kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, kodwa namhlanje igqalwa njengento engenamsebenzi kangako.
Ngo-2000 u-Eric Rouleau, Le Monde Umbhali okhokelayo onempembelelo kuMbindi Mpuma kunye nowayesakuba ngunozakuzaku waseFransi owaziwayo eTurkey (1988-1992), ebhalaImicimbi yabangaphandle, igxininise indlela “le nkqubo [yeriphabliki yaseTurkey], ebeka umkhosi njengoyena ndoqo wobomi bezobupolitika” ibe ngowona mqobo mkhulu ekungeneni kweTurkey eTurkey. udibano lwaseyurophu. Ewe, uRouleau kunye nezinye iingcali zaseTurkey bakholelwa ukuba ilizwe laseTurkey elinzulu elibandakanya izixhobo zalo zokhuseleko, kubandakanya nemibutho yezobuntlola, laligcwele kakhulu. Ingcamango yeKemalist ukuhlala bengenzi nto ngelixa abaphezulu behlabathi ababelawula ilizwe ukususela ekusekweni kweriphabliki bagxothwa yimikhosi yoluntu egcinayo eyabonelela ngenkxaso engundoqo kwi-AKP. Kwaye ayisiyiyo kuphela i-elites ye-Kemalist eyagxothwayo, kodwa amandla abo okutsala imitya yamandla emva kweengcango ezivaliweyo yapheliswa luluhlu lohlengahlengiso lwe-bureaucratic olwenze iBhunga leSizwe lezoKhuseleko e-Ankara libe yinxalenye yesakhiwo sikarhulumente, kwaye hayi. umthombo ofihlakeleyo nongenakuphenduleka nowokugqibela wokwenziwa komgaqo-nkqubo.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwePolarization yezopolitiko ngaphakathi kweTurkey
Kwangaxeshanye, naphezu kwezi mpu melelo ze-AKP, abagxothiweyo ‘ababeziinkolo’ abonwabanga ngakumbi ngobunkokeli be-Erdogan kunokuba babenjalo kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo. (Kufuneka iqondwe, nangona ulwimi olukhoyo lwenza kube nzima ukuchaza, ukuba uqhelaniso lwe-AKP kunye nesikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo kuye kwacaca kwaye ngokungaguquguqukiyo kwezenkolo, nangona iinkokeli zingamaSilamsi azinikeleyo ngasese azigcinayo izithethe zomthandazo nokuzila ukutya. , kunye notywala obudlulileyo, isimo sabo sezopolitiko kule miba ayahlukanga kuneso sabachasi babo. Ngokwenene, ngokungalindelekanga, u-Erdogan ekutyelele eCairo emva kwemvukelo ye-Tahrir ka-2011 wabongoza amaYiputa ukuba akhethe ukungahambisani nenkolo kunokuba amaSulumane.) ukuchonga kunye nenkcaso ye-AKP, kwaye oko kubandakanya uninzi lweTV kunye nemidiya yokushicilela, ayinakuze ifumane igama elilungileyo lokuthetha malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo wasekhaya kunye nangaphandle we-AKP, nangona umgca wohlaselo uye watshintsha kakhulu umhlaba. Kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo olona hlaselo luqatha lugxile kuloyiko kunye nezityholo zokuba i-AKP yayilihashe elizingelayo ngenxa yokuchasana nenkolo. I-AKP yatyholwa ngokuba 'ne-ajenda eyimfihlo' egxile kwi-Islamic takeover yenkqubo yokulawula, kunye neengcamango ezimbi 'ze-Iran yesibini' elawulwa ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana ne-sharia. Uluhlu lwangoku olungagungqiyo lokuhlaselwa, ngokuchaseneyo, luxakeke yinkolelo engaqinisekanga yokuba u-Erdogan uphupha ngokuba yi-sultan entsha yaseTurkey, edonsa ilizwe emva kwexesha elimnyama lolawulo olugunyazisiweyo. Ayiqhelekanga into yokuba inkcaso efanayo eyayiza kwamkela ubhukuqo-mbuso ngokuchasene neenkokeli ezinyuliweyo kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo ngoku ibonakala ixakeke kakhulu luloyiko kangangokuba i-AKP ebuthathaka kakhulu ifaka iprojekthi echasene nedemokhrasi eyenzelwe ukutshabalalisa idemokhrasi yomgaqo-siseko waseTurkey kunye nokuphelisa amalungelo oluntu. yabemi.
Ngokuqinisekileyo kukho izikhalazo ezisebenzayo ezinxulumene notyekelo luka-Erdogan lokuvakalisa izimvo zakhe ezinamandla, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zingenaluvelwano, malunga nezihloko eziphikisanayo zentlalo ukusuka ekukhupheni isisu ukuya ekukhuthazeni iintsapho ezintathu zabantwana. Wenza intetho engeyomfuneko mva nje ebonakala ngathi sisithuko esijoliswe kwiinkolo zika-Alevi. Kananjalo, kukho iintatheli, abafundi, kunye namatshantliziyo ezopolitiko ngamanani amakhulu agcinwe kwiintolongo zaseTurkey ngaphandle kokumangalelwa ngolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nemisebenzi ekufuneka iphathwe njengesiqhelo kwidemokhrasi esempilweni. Kwaye kukho izityholo ezininzi zokuba u-Erdogan ubeka isiseko sokuba ngumongameli kwisakhelo somgaqo-siseko esihlaziyiweyo esiya kunika isikhundla amandla amakhulu kunokuba sinawo ngoku kuxinzelelo lwemikhosi ephikisayo. Kwisigqibo sam, ngokwesiseko sobungqina obukhoyo, u-Erdogan unoluvo kwaye akathintelwa ekuvezeni iimbono eziphikisanayo ngelo xesha, kodwa engafuni ukuzibeka esihlalweni njengentloko yeTurkey esanda kulawula.
Oku kuqhubekeka kwe-polarization eTurkey kunabela kwezinye iindawo zomgaqo-nkqubo, mhlawumbi ngokufanelekileyo ngokunxulumene nemiba yamaKurdish engasonjululwanga, ephinde yavela ngobundlobongela emva kweminyaka ethile ezolileyo. Kusengqiqweni ukugxeka i-AKP ngokuthembisa ukusombulula impixano xa iphinde yanyulwa, kwaye emva koko isilele ukunikezela ngoluhlu olupheleleyo lwezinto ezinokuthi zenze eso siphumo silungileyo senzeke. Kunzima ukutolika ngokuchanekileyo ukuhlaziywa kobundlobongela be-PKK, kunye nenqanaba apho lijongwa ngamacandelo amaninzi e-Turkish elite uluvo njengokususa lonke ithemba lesisombululo esixoxisanayo kule ngxabano ekudala ikhupha amandla, izixhobo zaseTurkey. , kunye nodumo. Uburhalarhume beli nqanaba lamva nje lomzabalazo weminyaka engama-30 abucaciswa lula. Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile kukukhula koxinzelelo lwengingqi kunye namazwe angqonge iTurkey, ngakumbi ngeentshukumo zamaKurdish kula mazwe, ngakumbi iIraq neSyria. Kwakhona kukho ithuba elinamandla lokuba izinto zokuchasana kweKurdish zibona ubuninzi bemeko yengingqi njengefestile yesibini yokufumana ukuzimela kwesizwe. Ifestile yokuqala yavalwa kwiminyaka yokuqala yeriphabliki yimbono eyomeleleyo yokwakha isizwe ehambelana nolawulo lweKemalist yelizwe.
Enye into enzulu kukugxekwa okufanelekileyo komgaqo-nkqubo waseSyria waseTurkey otyhola urhulumente ngotshintsho olungenangqondo kunye nolungaqhelekanga ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye. Okokuqala, ulwamkelo olungacetyiswanga lolawulo lobuzwilakhe luka-Assad kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo lulandelwa lulungelelwaniso olucingelwa ukuba luphambi kwexesha kunye noluthandabuzekayo kunye nemikhosi yemvukelo yaseSyria echasene norhulumente ngaphandle kokwazi isimilo sabo sokwenyani. Amanyathelo alungileyo ka-Ahmet Davutoglu eDamasko anconywa kwangoko njengeyona nto iphambili 'yeengxaki ezingabamelwane,' indlela abathi abagxeki bakhe abarhabaxa bayifumanise ingafaneleki ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yokuwohloka kobudlelwane, kungekuphela nje neSyria, kodwa neIran neIraq. Kwakhona oko kugxekwa kubonakala kugqithiswa kakhulu yinkcaso ebamba kuko nakuphi na ukusilela komgaqo-nkqubo olawulayo ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo amacala awo alungileyo okanye ukunika ezinye iindlela ezinengqondo ngakumbi. Nokuba bubuphi na ubunkokeli e-Ankara kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, iimeko eziguqukayo nezingalindelekanga zengingqi ziya kufuna ukuba ukusekwa komgaqo-nkqubo welizwe langaphandle kucofe ngamandla kwiqhosha lokusetha ngokutsha. UMnu Davutoglu wenze konke okusemandleni akhe ukunika ingqiqo yethoni etshintshileyo kunye ne-substance yomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle waseTurkey, ngokukodwa ngokumalunga neSiriya, endiyifumanisa ikholisa ngokubanzi, nangona ukulungelelaniswa komgaqo-nkqubo ukuya eSiriya kunye neWashington kubonakala kungaqiniseki.
Kumfanekiso omkhulu, bekukho izilumkiso ezimbalwa zangaphambili zokuba iNtwasahlobo yama-Arabhu iya kuqhambuka, kwaye ivelise uqhankqalazo kulo lonke ummandla oluthe lwenzeka kwiinyanga ezingama-20 ezidlulileyo. Phambi kwesi siphithiphithi ilizwe lama-Arabhu lalibonakala lizinzile, noorhulumente abangoozwilakhe sele bekho amashumi eminyaka, kwaye akukho nto ibonisa ukuba imingeni yasekhaya iya kuvela kwixesha elizayo elingekude. Kwezi meko, kwabonakala kusengqiqweni ukuba nobudlelwane obuhle nabamelwane nakwilizwe lonke lama-Arabhu ngokusekelwe kumxube wengqwalasela esebenzayo neyimigaqo. Kwakukho amathuba ezoqoqosho anomtsalane okwandisa urhwebo lwaseTurkey, utyalo-mali, nempembelelo yenkcubeko; ngokunjalo, kwakunengqiqo ukucinga ukuba iinzame zaseTurkey kulamlo longquzulwano zinokuvula indawo yezopolitiko kwiintshukumo ezithobekileyo eziya kwidemokhrasi kwaye ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo oluntu kusenokuba ngumxholo ofanelekileyo wokwenza ‘uthethathethwano olwakhayo.’
Iimpumelelo zoMgaqo-nkqubo waNgaphandle
Kufuneka kwakhona kucaciswe ukuba ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkonzo yakhe yoluntu uMphathiswa waseTurkey weZangaphandle akazange adinwe kwiinzame zakhe zokusombulula iingxabano ngaphakathi kwendawo eyandayo yomsebenzi kunye nefuthe. Kwakukho iinzame ezakhayo nezicwangciswe kakuhle zokulamla ungquzulwano olude olugqubayo phakathi kukaSirayeli neSyria ngokubhekiselele kwiGolan Heights, ukhuthazo lwenkqubo yoxolelwaniso kwindawo eyayisakuba yiYugoslavia eyathi yafikelela impumelelo yozakuzo kubudlelwane phakathi kweSerbia neBosnia; wenza umgudu ophawulekayo wokumanyanisa amagunya angquzulanayo eCaucasus; elona bhongo kakhulu, yayiyinzame enengqiqo yokuzisa iHamas kwibala lezopolitiko ukuze kunikwe ithuba elithile lokuphelisa ungquzulwano lwase-Israel/ lwasePalestine; kwaye isibindi kunazo zonke, kwikonsathi kunye neBrazil, yayiyinzame eyimpumelelo okwethutyana kwi-2010 yokucenga i-Iran ukuba ingene kwisivumelwano sokugcina ngaphandle kwemida yayo etyetyisiweyo i-uranium enokusetyenziswa ukwenza izixhobo zenyukliya. Zonke ezi yayiziinjongo ezincomekayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchule bozakuzo bamandla athambileyo, kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba eliphumeleleyo, eliluncedo kakhulu ekunciphiseni iingxwabangxwaba zengingqi, kunye nokunyusa amathemba oxolo. Naxa ingaphumelelanga, iinzame ezinjalo zenkalipho nezinenkathalo zokufumana iindlela zokuphucula umoya wezopolitiko, nokufumana iindlela ezingcono zozakuzo kunozakuchasa okusisigxina, okanye okubi ngakumbi, izoyikiso okanye ukusebenzisa amandla ukusombulula iingxabano kunye nokomeleza ukhuseleko.
La manyathelo ahlukeneyo anceda iTurkey ukuba ibe ngumdlali ophambili kulo mmandla nangaphaya, urhulumente ophantse abe yedwa emhlabeni ebesakha umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle owawungekuko ukuqhubeka kweMfazwe ebandayo eWashington okanye ukwamkelwa kokuchaswa kokuchasana neNtshona. I-Turkey yaqhubeka nendima yayo kwi-NATO, iqhubekile nemizamo yayo yokwanelisa iimfuno ezininzi zenkqubo yokungena kwi-EU, kwaye yade yathatha inxaxheba emkhosini, ngokombono wam ngokungekho bulumko, kwiMfazwe ye-NATO engazange iphumelele e-Afghanistan. Ngokuqwalaselwa ngokufanelekileyo, indlela ye-Davutoglu ivelise iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga, kwaye nalapho iphazamisekile, yayingaguquguquki ekuphononongeni yonke indlela ecacileyo eya kuMbindi Mpuma onoxolo kunye nobulungisa, iBalkans, kunye ne-Asia Ephakathi, kunye nokufikelela eAfrika, eLatin America, naseAsia. , okwenza iTurkey okokuqala kwimbali yayo ibe yindawo yezopolitiko yehlabathi ngokwenene. Uburhulumente bakhe babubhengezwa ngokubanzi kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye ngokukhawuleza bamenza ukuba abe ngomnye wabona baqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo bamazwe angaphandle bathandwayo kwihlabathi. Ngo-2010 wabekwa kwindawo yesi-7th kuluhlu lwe-100 labona bantu banempembelelo kwihlabathi kuzo zonke iinkalo (kubandakanya ishishini, inkcubeko, ipolitiki) edityaniswa ngamaxesha athileNkqubo welizwe langaphandle, ulindixesha ophambili wezimvo eUnited States. I-Turkey inyuse umgangatho wayo wezozakuzo kwihlabathi liphela ngaphandle kokubhenela kubuchule obuqhelekileyo bokwenyani bokukhulisa amandla ayo omkhosi okanye ukuphosa ubunzima bayo ngeenxa zonke. Ukufikeleleka kwayo kwihlabathi jikelele kuquke ukuvulwa kwezindlu zozakuzo kumazwe apho ibikade ingamelwanga. Le nqanaba liphakanyisiweyo lavunywa kwiindawo ezininzi, ngakumbi kulo lonke elaseMbindi Mpuma apho u-Erdogan wayenconywa njengenkokeli ethandwa kakhulu kwihlabathi, kodwa nakwi-UN apho iTurkey yadlala indima ekhulayo, kwaye yanyulwa kakhulu ukuba ithathe ubulungu kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko.
Kufuneka iqwalaselwe into yokuba iTurkey ibonakalise umgaqo wokuzibophelela kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuziphatha kwimiba ephambili yengingqi, ngakumbi ngokunxulumene nongquzulwano lwase-Israel/ lwasePalestine. Iinzame zokulamla zaseSyria zayekwa kuphela emva kokuba i-Israel ihlasele eGaza ekupheleni kwe-2008, okwakhokelela ekukhalimeni okudumileyo kuka-Erdogan kuMongameli wase-Israel kwi-Davos World Economic Forum. Oku kwala ukungahoyi ukuchasa kukaSirayeli umthetho wezizwe ngezizwe ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo kube negalelo kungquzulwano lwamva emva kohlaselo luka-Israeli kwi-Mavi Marmara flotilla yeenqanawa zoxolo kumanzi ezizwe ngezizwe nge-31 kaMeyi, 2010 ezazithwele uncedo loluntu kuluntu olwaluvaliwe ngokungekho mthethweni eGaza. I-commandos yakwa-Israeli yabulala abantu abasithoba baseTurkey kwesi siganeko, esibangele ukuqhawuka kobudlelwane phakathi kwala mazwe mabini angekagqithwa, nangona iTurkey ithathe indawo ephakathi enikezwe uhlaselo olungekho mthethweni nolungekho mthethweni kwinqanawa kunye nabakhweli, befuna kuphela. uxolo kunye nembuyekezo kwiintsapho.
Kwakukho amanye amalinge akhethekileyo ezizwe ngezizwe aseTurkey, awazange abe mkhulu njengomzamo omkhulu wokuthethathethana neSomalia ngexesha laxa ihlabathi liphela lanikela umva ekubeni ilizwe laseAfrika licinywe njengowona mzekelo umbi ‘welizwe elasilelayo.’ Akunjalo. kuphela iTurkey ibonelele ngoncedo lwezinto eziphathekayo ngokunxulumene nokwakhiwa kwakhona kweziseko zolawulo. Iphinde yafika ngokuchukumisa ngakumbi apho iingelosi zoyika ukunyathela: ukuququzelela utyelelo oluphezulu lwenkalipho yinkulumbuso yaseTurkey kunye nenkosikazi yakhe kunye nabanye abantu abadumileyo eMogadishu ngexesha apho imeko yokhuseleko kwikomkhulu laseSomalia yayisaziwa njengeyingozi kakhulu kuye nabaphi na abatyeleli. . Umboniso onjalo wobumbano kwisizwe saseAfrika esisokolayo wawungazange ubonwe ngaphambili kwidiplomacy yaseTurkey, kwaye uye walandelwa yi-Ankara ngokuzibandakanya okuqhubekayo kunye nempumelelo kunye noluhlu lweeprojekthi zokuphucula imeko yezoqoqosho kunye noluntu kweli lizwe linenkathazo. Ngomoya ofanayo wokufikelela ebantwini, iTurkey yabamba ingqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo egameni lawona Mazwe angaPhuhliswanga (LDCs) ngoMeyi 2011, yaza yalwamkela ngokusesikweni uxanduva lobunkokeli kwi-UN lokuququzelela uncedo kweli qela lamazwe, athathwa njengawona ahlwempuzekileyo kwihlabathi. .
Kutshanje, uMnumzana Davutoglu kunye noNksz Erdogan batyelele i-Muslim Rohingya encinci kwintshona yeMyanmar yaseRakhine eyayihlaselwe kabuhlungu ngoJuni ngoluntu oluninzi lwamaBhuda lubanga ukuba abahlali bamaSulumane babengabaphambukeli abangekho mthethweni abavela eBangladesh kwaye kufuneka bahambe. ilizwe. I-Bangladesh izikhabile ngokusemthethweni izityholo ezinjalo, igxininisa ukuba abantu baseRohingya babehlala eMyanmar kangangeenkulungwane. Eli nqanaba liphezulu lemishini yaseTurkey lazisa uncedo lwezonyango, lubonise uvelwano olunokutolikwa kuphela njengesenzo sobuntu sokwenyani kude nakuphi na ukubalwa koncedo lwesizwe, kwaye ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, idlulisele ingqiqo yendlela ekubaluleke ngayo ukuba iTurkey yenze oko inokukwenza. khusela aba bambalwa abasesichengeni kwilizwe elikude. UMnu. Davutoglu wenze iimpembelelo ezicacileyo zehlabathi jikelele zabeka utyelelo lwakhe olusemthethweni ngokudibana namaBhuda asekuhlaleni kwidolophu ekufutshane ukuze avakalise ithemba lakhe lokuba ezi ngingqi zimbini zingaphila ngoxolo nangentlonipho kwixesha elizayo. Olu hambo oluya eMyanmar ngomnye umzekelo wendlela iTurkey edibanisa ngayo ukufuna inzuzo yesizwe kwimicimbi yehlabathi kunye nokuba ngummi ongumzekelo kuluntu lwehlabathi ngokubanzi. Yinto elolu hlobo lokudibanisa ubuzwe obukhanyiselweyo kunye nokuziphatha kwehlabathi jikelele okunika ithemba lokuba imingeni kuluntu lwehlabathi ingasonjululwa ngendlela enoxolo nelinganayo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, iTurkey njengoko injalo kuyo nayiphi na idemokhrasi, iya kuxhamla kwinkcaso enoxanduva ebiza ingqalelo kwiintsilelo kwaye ibonelele ngamanyathelo ayo omgaqo-nkqubo, ngelixa ikulungele ukunika abo banegunya ikhredithi ngenxa yezenzo ezakhayo kunye nempumelelo karhulumente. Ngelishwa, inkcaso ye-polarized kunye ne-demoralized e-Turkey igxininisekile ekugxekeni kwayo, ilahlekelwe yingcamango yezopolitiko efunekayo ukubeka phambili imigaqo-nkqubo yayo, kwaye ayinalo uhlobo lokulinganisa olufunekayo ukuba ukugxeka kwayo kufuneka kuhlonishwe njengeminikelo eyakhayo inkqubo yedemokhrasi. Kurhanelwa ngakumbi kumaqela angenabuzwe oluntu lwaseTurkey ukukhalaza malunga nokukhukuliseka okugunyazisiweyo kubunkokeli be-AKP xa yayiyimikhosi yezentlalo eyathi kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambili yayicenga ukuba umkhosi ungene, kwaye ubuyisele amandla kubo. eyona ndlela ichasene nedemokhrasi inokucingeleka. Esikhundleni sokuzingca ngezinto ezinkulu zaseTurkey kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ubutshaba obungathintelekiyo bemikhosi yezopolitiko echasene ne-AKP buvelisa ingxoxo engcolileyo eyenza kube nzima ukusombulula iingxaki ezijongene nelizwe okanye ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo amathuba akhoyo. ziyafumaneka kwilizwe elidlamkileyo. Kufuneka kuxatyiswe ukuba iTurkey ijongwe ngaphandle ngababukeli abaninzi abanolwazi, ngakumbi kulo mmandla, ihlala ilibali lempumelelo eliqaqambileyo, kwezoqoqosho nakwezopolitiko. Akukho nto inokuzisa ithemba kunye nekratshi kulo mmandla kunokuba ukunyuka kweTurkey kuphunyezwe kwenye indawo, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuvumela ukuhlukahluka kwenkcubeko, imbali, kunye nezibonelelo zelizwe, kodwa ukwabelana ngokuzibophelela ekwakheni idemokhrasi equkayo apho umkhosi uhlala khona. eziseleni kunye noonozakuzaku bayazingca ngokucombulula nokuthintela iingxabano.
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