Njengoko inkalo yemfazwe yaseSri Lankan yasemkhosini ngokuthe ngcembe kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo isondela esiphelweni, imibuzo malunga nekamva laseSri Lanka iya isiba nzima ngakumbi. Yintoni efanele yenzeke kwabo babefudula bengabavukeli, ngokukodwa abo basenokuba baye benza izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe? Liya kuba yintoni ikamva lamaTamil esri Lanka njengabantu kwaye ngaba amalungelo abo aya kukhuselwa? Nangona kungekho mntu unokuphendula le mibuzo ngaphambi kokuba iziganeko zenzeke, sinethemba lokubhenca esri Lanka kwezona ngqondo zilungileyo zikhoyo kwiinkalo zezopolitiko nezentlalo ezifanelekileyo, kunye nezona ngcebiso zihlukeneyo ezikhoyo.
Ukuvela okokuqala kwimidiya yaseSri Lankan, iMIT yeelwimi uNjingalwazi uNoam Chomsky unike iSri Lanka Guardian udliwano-ndlebe olukhethekileyo ukuba baxoxe ngeziganeko ezenzekayo. esri Lanka, nakwilizwe lakowabo, i eunited States. Unjingalwazi uChomsky uye wafumana udumo kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yobutshantliziyo bakhe bezopolitiko kwaye ubengumgxeki ongafihliyo. eunited States Umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle kwiminyaka. Uyi-anarchist ozichaza ngokwakhe, kodwa mhlawumbi udume kakhulu ngokuma kwakhe eqinile ekuxhaseni abantu ababandezelekileyo, njengabo Palestina kwaye Somaliya. Ngoku sinethemba lokusebenzisa iminyaka yakhe yamava kunye nokuqonda esri Lanka ukunceda isizwe senze inguqulelo ukusuka kwindlu eyahluleleneyo ukuya kwilizwe elimanyeneyo nelinoxolo.
Nali isicatshulwa esipheleleyo sodliwano-ndlebe;
UEric: Uyandiva?
Chomsky: Ewe ndiyakuva.
UEric: Kulungile. Ndingathanda ukuthetha nawe ngeziganeko ezininzi zehlabathi, kodwa ngokukodwa ukuqala esri Lanka kuba kulapho eli phephandaba lisuka khona.
Chomsky: Ewe.
UEric: Usenokuba ubusiva iindaba ezingemfazwe yabo yamakhaya eqale kunyaka ophelileyo.
Chomsky: Ewe, ewe bendilandela.
U-Eric: Ewe, i-Liberation Tigers yaseTamil Eelam, okanye i-LTTE, ilwela ilizwe elizimeleyo ngaphezu kwekota yekhulu ngoku, kodwa ijongene nokutshatyalaliswa emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ngakumbi kulo nyaka uphelileyo xa belahlekelwa. Isixeko esilikomkhulu saseKilinochchi kunye nezinye iziseko eziphambili. Enyanisweni nje izolo isiseko sabo sokugqibela somkhosi waselwandle siye sawa. Ndicela undixelele kancinci malunga neembono zakho esri Lanka kwaye iyisingatha njani ingxaki yokwahlukana?
UChomsky: Ewe, andivakalelwa kukuba ndinolwazi olwaneleyo lweenkcukacha zokunika uluvo oluthembekileyo, kodwa kuyacaca ukuba kukho ingxaki yamaLungelo eTamil kwaye ngoku ukuba inkalo yempi yengxabano ibonakala iyeza. ukugqiba oko kuya kuba yimfuneko, kunye nobuntu, kwaye ilungele wonke umntu ochaphazelekayo, kukufika kuhlobo oluthile lwesisombululo sezopolitiko esinika ukuqaphela amabango asebenzayo ohlobo oluthile lokuzimela okanye ukuzimisela ngaphakathi kwimo yaseSri Lankan. Ukwenza oko kuya kufuneka wazi ngakumbi kunam.
UEric: Ngaba ucinga ukuba urhulumente ozimeleyo wamaTamil yinto enokwenzeka okanye ucinga ukuba kokona kulungileyo kwesi siqithi ukuhlala njengesizwe esinye esizimeleyo, okanye isizwe esinye esimanyeneyo?
Chomsky: Ndicinga ukuba umbono welizwe elinye lukhetho olubi kuninzi lwehlabathi kwaye enyanisweni iindawo zehlabathi, njengenxalenye yelizwe. iYurophu, umzekelo, zihambela kumalungiselelo angaphezulu kwe-federal. Ngoko thatha, uthi, Speyin, e Speyin, ECatalonia ngoku unenqanaba eliphezulu lokuzimela ngaphakathi kwilizwe laseSpain. Ilizwe laseBasque nalo linenqanaba eliphezulu lokuzimela kwaye kuya kuba njalo nakweminye imimandla. Kwi eNgilani, Wales kwaye eScotland kwi iunited Kingdom zisiya kuhlobo lokuzimela kunye nokuzimisela kwaye ndicinga ukuba kukho uphuhliso olufanayo kulo lonke iYurophu kwaye zidityaniswe nezinto ezintle kunye nezingalunganga, kodwa ubukhulu becala ndicinga ukuba luphuhliso olusempilweni ngokubanzi. Ndithetha ukuthi, abantu banezinto abanomdla kuzo, izithethe ezahlukahlukeneyo, iinkxalabo ezahlukahlukeneyo, yaye kufanele kubekho amalungiselelo akhethekileyo okubavumela ukuba baphumeze izilangazelelo zabo ezikhethekileyo nezibaxhalabisayo ngokuvisisana nabanye. Olunye uhlobo lwe- federalism ndicinga ukuba sisiphumo esihle kwiinkqubo zamazwe ngamazwe, kwiinkcubeko ezininzi, ngakumbi apho kukho umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokwahlukana ngokwelizwe. Uyazi, kuxhomekeke nje kwiimeko zendawo, iintlobo zeendawo zokuhlala ezinokwenzeka. Ngaphandle kolwazi olunzulu ngokwenene ngale miba kuya kuba kukukhukhumala kakhulu ukuba umntu wangaphandle anike izimvo.
UEric: Ndiyayiqonda loo nto. Ndingathanda ukuthetha kancinci malunga nendlela iSri Lanka eya kujongana ngayo nokwakhiwa kwakhona, ngokusisiseko, emva kokuba i-LTTE yoyisiwe ekugqibeleni, apho abaninzi abahlalutyi bezempi bathi kufuneka kwenzeke kwinyanga ezayo okanye ezimbini. Ucinga ukuba inokuba yintoni ikamva lamashumi amawaka abavukeli abaye balwa kumashumi eminyakaโ
Chomsky: Uxolo, yitsho kwakhona. Ndicinga ntoni, malunga nantoni?
UEric: Ucinga ukuba kufuneka ibe yintoni ikamva lamashumi amawaka abantu abaye balwa ne-LTTE kule minyaka ingamashumi eminyaka, kuquka namajoni asezantsi ukuya kutsho kumagosa aphambili?
Chomsky: Ndiyakuva. Kulungile indlela eqhelekileyo, ndiyacinga, kufanele ukuba, ukucingelwa ngokubanzi kufanele kube kukuba kuya kubakho uhlobo loxolelo. Mhlawumbi ayingombono umbi ukuseka uhlobo oluthile lwekhomishini yoxolo ngaphandle kwamandla okohlwaya, kodwa ngamandla ophando, anokuthi azise elubala ubugwenxa kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa macala onke, njengenyathelo eliya kuxolelwaniso kunye nokuhlala kunye.
UEric: Ewe, ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe kunye nezenzo zenkohlakalo ngokwenene ziya kuba ngumcimbi oshushu eSri Lanka, ngenxa yokuba iinkokeli ezininzi eziphezulu zemvukelo zityholwa (ngokuyalela) ukubulala abantu abaninzi kwaye eli liqela elasungula ibhombu yokuzibulala, okanye ubuncinane ibhanti lokuzibulala, ngokokude ndiqonde.
UChomsky: Ewe, zininzi izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho macala onke, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kwaye kufanele ukuba- Uyazi, akukho lula. Uninzi lwabantu luye lwabandezeleka kwaye kunzima kubo ukujongana nokuba icala labo linetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba oko kwenzeke. Ibe nempumelelo ephakathi kwezinye iindawo; kwi Mzantsi Afrika, kwi El Salvado , kwi Guatemale. Ayizoyisi iingxaki, kodwa ikhokelela kwisiseko senqanaba loxolelwaniso kunye nesiseko sokuhlalisana ngendlela eyakhayo.
UEric: Kulungile, ndiyayiqonda loo nto. Ngokuphathelele kwezona nkokeli ziphezulu ze-LTTE, ucinga ukuba inokuba sempilweni ngakumbi okanye ibe yingozi esri Lanka ukudala izilingo zayo zaseNuremburg ukuzama ezi nkokeli eziphezulu zeTiger?
Chomsky: Ndiyathandabuza ngokungazenzisiyo kuba amalingo aseNuremburg, ukuba ayenzulu, kuya kufuneka aphephe ukuziphatha okubi okunzulu kwezilingo zaseNuremburg. Khumbula, awona matyala oqobo eNuremburg yayingaboyisiweyo, ingengabo aboyisileyo. Enyanisweni, umgaqo wezilingo zaseNuremburg yayikukuba ukuba ii-Allies zenze ulwaphulo-mthetho oluthile, kwakungelolwaphulo-mthetho. Ke, umzekelo, abaphuli-mthetho baseJamani abazange batyholwe ngokuqhushumba ezidolophini, ekujoliswe kuzo abantu ngenxa yokuba ii-Allies zenze okungaphezulu kunamaNazi, kwaye izigebenga zemfazwe zamaNazi njengomphathi wenqanawa yaselwandle uDรถnitz wakwazi ukuzisa amangqina okhuselo, abalingane baseMelika nabaseBrithani. abangqina ukuba benze izinto ezifanayo ukuze ezi ngokuzenzekelayo zingabi zizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngamanye amazwi, ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe luchazwa njengento oyenzileyo kwaye asizange siyenze kwaye ijika ityala libe yinkohliso. Ibiyintlekisa ukusukela ngoko. IJaji eliyiNtloko eNuremburg, uMongameli uRobert Jackson, uMtshutshisi oyiNtloko waseMelika, wenza iinkcazo ezinamandla kakhulu eNuremburg, eluleka abagwebi apho, njengoko ebeka, "sinikezela abamangalelwa i-chalice enetyhefu kwaye ukuba sisela kuyo ( oko kuthetha ukuba senza ulwaphulo-mthetho olufana nolwabo) ngoko ke kufuneka sibe phantsi kwesohlwayo esifanayo." Kambe ke, akukho nto injalo yenzekayo okanye enokwenzeka. Jackson wathi, "Ukuba asiyenzi le nto ithetha ukuba ityala beliyi-farce." Ewe asiyenzanga loo nto ke ithetha ukuba ityala beliyintsomi, nangona abanetyala mhlawumbi bengabona baphuli mthetho kwimbali yanamhlanje. Ngoko ke uLwango oluyimodeli yaseNuremburg alunakuba yinto entle kwaphela. Ibiya kuba luvavanyo nje kwabo boyisiweyo ize ibangele intiyo eyongezelelekileyo, umsindo, nezithembiso zongquzulwano olubi. Ulingo olunyanisekileyo, oluzama wonke umntu, lunokucingeleka, kodwa uqikelelo lwam kukuba ayingombono ulungileyo, kanye njengoko lungazange lwenziwe kumazwe endiwakhankanyileyo.
Ke ngaphakathi Mzantsi Afrika, Guatemale, yaye El Salvado babebaninzi abantu abanetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho olubi, uninzi lwabo urhulumente, kodwa abazange bohlwaywe. Kwakukho ikhomishini yenyaniso eyayivumela ukuba ivumelane nolwaphulo-mthetho okanye ubuncinci ukuqonda kwaye yayinobubele bokuxolisa kubo, kodwa kwakungekho sohlwayo, kwaye mhlawumbi yayiyinyathelo lobulumko. Kuba kufuneka ufumane indlela yokuhlala kunye kwaye mhlawumbi kufuneka kubekho izohlwayo, mhlawumbi akunjalo, uyazi ukuba oko kuxhomekeke kuluntu kunye nendlela oluthatha ngayo ukujongana nale miba, kodwa ndicinga ukuba makwenziwe ngononophelo kwaye indlela ejonge phambili kwikamva, ijonge phambili ekubekeni isiseko sekamva loxolelwaniso, ukuqondwa kwamalungelo afanayo, kunye nophuhliso lwenkqubo yentlalo esebenzayo yomntu wonke.
UEric: Ngoko kunokuba luncedo ngakumbi esri Lanka ukunika uxolelo ngokubanzi kwiinkokeli kumacala omabini endaweni yokuzisa amatyala ngokuchasene nezinye iinkokeli zazo?
Chomsky: Ewe yingxaki ebuthathaka kuluntu ngokwalo olujongene nayo. Siqhuba njani ukujongana nolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye kwangaxeshanye siqaphele ukuba kuya kufuneka sihlale kunye, kwaye akukho mpendulo ilula kuloo nto.
UEric: Nantsi into endiyicingayo esri Lanka inokuba neempembelelo zehlabathi kwizifundo zongquzulwano oluzayo. Ukusukela kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi bekukho iingxabano ezingenakubalwa apho i-UN kunye noluntu lwehlabathi luye lwacela ukuba kupheliswe imililo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, iingxoxo zoxolo ziqale, kunye nabagcini boxolo ukuba bathunyelwe, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, nokuba imfazwe iyayeka okomzuzwana, iya kuvuka kwakhona, njengase-Ethiopia nase-Eritrea, eSri Lanka izihlandlo eziliqela, nakwezinye iimeko. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ubomi obungakumbi buya kusindiswa ukuba ungquzulwano luyavunyelwa ukuba luzibone lungaphandle kwaye uloyiso oluqinisekileyo lwasemkhosini kunye nokoyiswa kuvunyelwe ukuba kumiselwe endaweni yokumisa imfazwe ngaphambi kokuba isonjululwe ngokwenene?
UChomsky: Ewe, ndicinga ukuba kufuneka kwenziwe zonke iinzame zokuzisa isisombululo soxolo. Kukho umthwalo onzima wobungqina omele uthwale abo bacebisa ubundlobongela njengesisombululo, kwaye ndicinga ukuba indawo yokuphumla kubundlobongela ibisoloko iyingozi, iphantse ibe buhlungu, ngoko ke ndicinga ukuba ingqikelelo yokuqala kufuneka ibe kukuba abagcini boxolo kunye nediplomacy baya kuba. Isiphumo esikhethwa kakhulu kwaye kuphela xa kungenakwenzeka ukuphumeza kufuneka imeko ivunyelwe ukuba ibe nobundlobongela, obudla ngokuba yingozi kakhulu kumntu wonke. Kukho iindawo apho ukugcinwa koxolo kusebenze kakuhle kakhulu.
UEric: Ngaba mhlawumbi ungakhankanya umzekelo waloo nto, njengokuba mhlawumbi Korea?
Chomsky: Kulungile Korea akukhange kubekho enye imfazwe, kodwa thatha Egypt kwaye Sirayeli . Kukho imikhosi yoXolo eSinayi kwaye akukhange kubekho bubundlobongela obungaphaya. Kwelinye icala, eMazantsi eLebhanon kukho imikhosi yokugcina uxolo ye-UN, kodwa ayizange ithintele Sirayeli ukusuka ekuqhubekeni nokuhlasela. Inokuthi inciphise umda wohlaselo kwaye mhlawumbi ibe nayo, eneneni, ibe nohlobo oluthile lothintelo, kodwa hayi kakhulu. Kukho nje umxube wamatyala kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngokuqinisekileyo iyakhethwa kwaye kufuneka ilandelwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Umntu angathemba ukuba inokukhokelela kwisisombululo esithe ngqo, esikhe senzeka ngamanye amaxesha. Thatha Sudan, Yimeko eyoyikekayo, kodwa elinye lamanyathelo afanelekileyo athatyathwa nguLawulo lweBush lalinceda ukuzisa ukunciphisa, kungekhona isisombululo esipheleleyo, kodwa ubuncinane ukunciphisa ungquzulwano phakathi koMntla noMzantsi kwimfazwe yabo yamakhaya, kwaye eso sisisombululo ekufuneka sikhethwe. Ngokufanayo kwi Indoneshiya. Emva kokuba i-US kunye neBritani zixhasa, zixhaswa ngamandla, ukuhlasela kwe-Indonesia kunye nokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi e-East Timor, enye yezona zinto zimbi kakhulu emhlabeni kwaye mhlawumbi zacinywa ikota yabemi, kodwa xa i-US ekugqibeleni ivumile, phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu, (izizwe ngezizwe). nasekhaya) uClinton wavuma ukuxelela ama-Indonesi ukuba akhuphe, nto leyo ke, bayenzayo, emva koko kwakukho umkhosi wokugcina uxolo owathunyelwa, umkhosi we-UN, i-Australian led, eyanciphisa kwaye ubukhulu becala iphelisa ingxabano enobundlobongela obusele. Kwakukude kwimpumelelo epheleleyo, kodwa yaba yimpumelelo eyinxenye.
UEric: Ndiyakuva. Ndingathanda ukuhambisa incoko yethu apha America, kunye nolunye uphuhliso olutsha oluqhubeka kulo nyaka. Ngokukodwa ngoku sinomongameli omtsha, ndingathanda ukufumana uluvo lwakho ngaye kwimiba ethile, kodwa njengentshayelelo apho, ungandixelela naziphi na iingcinga zokuqala onazo kuLawulo lwaseBush oluqukunjelweyo ngoku?
Chomsky: Ewe, uLawulo lweBush ngokuqinisekileyo lubeka njengenye yezona zibi kakhulu kwimbali yaseMelika, mhlawumbi imbi kakhulu. Ikhokelele kwintlekele phantse kuyo yonke into ebiyichukumisa. Uqoqosho lwasekhaya kunye nenkqubo yentlalontle ingena ekuweni kwayo okubi kakhulu ukususela kwi-Great Depression ngomlinganiselo omkhulu ngenxa yamanyathelo athathwe yiBush Administration, nangona bebuyela nzulu kuLawulo lweClinton kunye noLawulo lweReagan. Kumazwe ngamazwe, iye yaqhuba iimfazwe ezimbini, zombini ziyintlekele kumaxhoba kwaye ziyingozi kumaxhoba US ngokunjalo. Kukhokelela ekwehleni kodumo lwe eunited States ukuya kwimbali ephantsi. I US ayizange ithiywe yaye ngokufuthi ithiywe kulo lonke ihlabathi. Enyanisweni yakrazula inkqubo yenkululeko yoluntu. Ngethamsanqa yomelele ngoko ke iyakuphila, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo bazamile ukujongela phantsi uMgaqo-siseko kabukhali. Akuyomfuneko ngokwenene ukuxoxa ngayo ngokweenkcukacha. Inqaku lelokuba uLawulo lweBush lwalungathandi nangaphakathi kangangokuba kunyulo lokugqibela omabini amaqela abaleka ngokuchasene nalo. I-Republican Party yabaleka ngokuchasene nolawulo olubambeleyo, olwalugqalwa njengetyala, ngoko bazama ukumgcina ngaphandle kwayo, nto leyo engumlinganiselo olungileyo womonakalo owawubangelayo eUnited States kwaye umbi ngakumbi kwihlabathi. Ndikhankanye into enye elungileyo kwaye kukho ezinye ezimbalwa, kodwa ubukhulu becala yayiyintlekele.
UEric: Kukho abantu abaninzi baseRiphabhlikhi abathe ngenxa yokuba khange kubekho hlaselo emva kwe-11 kaSeptemba, kwaye ngenxa yokuba abongameli abaninzi abangathandwayo ngemihla yabo bakhunjulwa kakuhle kwixesha elizayoโฆ kwiminyaka ukususela ngoku?
UChomsky: Uyayiva loo ngxabano, emangalisa kakhulu. Akuzange kubekho zihlaselo zabanqolobi phakathi kuka-1993 no-2001. Ngo-1993 kwabakho iinzame zokuqhushumba iziko lorhwebo lwehlabathi elasondela kakhulu ekuphumeleleni. Ngokucetywa ngcono kancinci mhlawumbi ngebabulele abantu abangamawaka alishumi. Kodwa akuzange kubekho zihlaselo zabanqolobi phakathi ko-1993 no-2001 ngaphandle kohlaselo lwenkululeko yoluntu nangaphandle kweemfazwe nogonyamelo, ngoko isixelela ntoni? Inyani yomcimbi kukuba phantsi kolawulo lukaBush, ubunqolobi banda kakhulu. Bekulindelwe ukuba uhlaselo lwe Irakh kungakhokelela ekwandeni kobugrogrisi kwihlabathi liphela kwaye kwenzeka, kodwa ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba bekulindelwe. Ubunqolobi benyuka malunga nenqaku lesixhenxe emva kohlaselo lwe Irakh. Ezinye izenzo zoLawulo lukaBush ezaziziimpendulo ezityholwayo kubunqolobi zaba neziphumo ezibi kwenye indawo. Thatha Somaliya. Ulawulo lukaBush luqale ukulandela imibutho yesisa, imibutho yesisa yamaSilamsi kunye nenye yemibutho yesisa abangene emva kwayo kwaye bayitshabalalisa yayilisisa ababelimangalela ngobunqolobi kwaye kamva bavuma ukuba akukho siseko sesityholo. Ngeli xesha batshabalalisa isisa ebesibonelela ngenkxaso ephambili kuqoqosho lwe Somaliya. Isiphumo yaba kukuba Somaliya yehla kwisiphithiphithi, kwaye eso sisiphithiphithi esikhulu ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Emva koko iBush Administration yaxhasa uhlaselo lwase-Ethiopia, oluye lwayenza mandundu ngakumbi.
Ngoku yenye yeengxaki ezinkulu zoluntu iAfrika. Inxalenye enkulu yaloo nto yayilinyathelo lokukhusela eunited States ukusuka kuloyiko olunesiphumo se-zero, kodwa umphumo we Somaliya kwakusoyikeka kwaye kukho ezinye iimeko ezinje. Ngoko ke loo ngxabano iyoyikeka. Ngokuphathelele ilifa loLawulo, oko kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwinkqubo yepropaganda. Ngoko thabatha, uthi, uRonald Reagan. UReagan wayengengomongameli odumileyo. Enyanisweni, ukuthandwa kwakhe kwakuqhelekile xa wayeseofisini okanye emva koko. Ingxelo yakhe yayisothusa. Wayengoyena mongameli ukhuselayo kwimbali yasemva kweMfazwe yaseMelika. Waphinda kabini imiqobo yokukhusela. Wazisa iPentagon ukufundisa ngasemva ulawulo lwaseMelika iindlela zokuvelisa zaseJapan. Wakhupha iibhanki ngebheyile. Walishiya ilizwe linentsilelo enkulu. Izinga lokukhula phantsi kweReagan lalisezantsi kunayo nayiphi na enye i-post-War ishumi leminyaka. Unesabelo esikhulu soxanduva lophuhliso lwe-radical Islam kwi Afghanistani , kwaye ngokubaluleke ngakumbi Phakistan apho iyinto eyingozi kakhulu. Ngenkxaso yobuzwilakhe beZia h baqhuba ubunqolobi obukhulu. Ungomnye wabanqolobi abakhokelayo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje kwaye ubangele amakhulu amawaka abantu ukuba babulawe. kuMbindi Merika. Wayexhasa ulawulo localucalulo, etyeshela izohlwayo zenkongolose.
Ngokuqhubekayo kunye nerekhodi elibi, kodwa kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokufa kwakhe iphiko lasekunene le-Republican Party laqalisa inkqubo yepropaganda ebizwa ngokuba yiReagan Legacy eyazama ukwakha umfanekiso wakhe njengeqhawe elikhulu kunye nongcwele ongcwele worhwebo ngokukhululekileyo. , awayichasayo kwaye ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye ngoku awukwazi ukuya kwidolophu yaseUnited States ngaphandle kokubona ilayibrari yaseReagan okanye isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseReagan okanye into. Isikhumbuzo xa waswelekayo yayilelona xesha lihlazo kwimbali yaseMelika ngento onokuthi uyilindele eNyakatho Korea, kodwa lenze ilifa leReagan elenziwe ngokupheleleyo elithe ngoku lazifaka kwingqondo yembali. Ke inokwenziwa ngepropaganda enkulu kwaye mhlawumbi oku kuya kwenziwa noBush. Ndiyathandabuza, kodwa inokwenzeka. Ukuba ilifa lisekelwe kwizenzo, liya kujongwa njengenxalenye emnyama kakhulu America imbali.
UEric: Besithetha ngeMfazwe yobugrogrisi ekhokelwa yi i-USA kunye namahlakani akhe ngemibuzo emininzi ngoku, kodwa ndingathanda ukuthetha ngayo ngokuthe ngqo. Ndiyazi ukuba uyayichasa imfazwe yase-Iraq, kunye nolunye uhlaselo oluninzi, olunje ngento esiyenzileyo eSomalia, kodwa zithini iingcinga zakho malunga neAfghanistan? Yayiyi US kanye ekuhlaseleni Afghanistani kulandela 9/11?
UChomsky: Ndandivakalelwa kukuba lolona lwaphulo-mthetho lukhulu kwaye ndisenalo nangoku. I eunited States ahlasela Afghanistani ngesizathu esicacileyo. Yaziswa esidlangalaleni, kodwa kuye kwakho ubuxoki obuninzi malunga nayo ukususela ngoko, kodwa yayisesidlangalaleni. Isizathu yayikukuba iTaliban- iBush Administration yafuna ukuba inikezele u-Osama Bin Laden eUnited States kwaye bacela ubungqina bolwaphulo-mthetho lwakhe. Ewe, uLawulo lweBush aluzukubonelela nabuphi na ubungqina ukuze bahlasele. Isizathu sokuba banganikeli nabuphi na ubungqina, kamva kwavela, kungenxa yokuba babengenabo nabuphi na. Kwiinyanga ezisibhozo kamva i-FBI yavuma ukuba emva kolona phando lukhulu lwamazwe ngamazwe kwimbali, babengenabo nabuphi na ubungqina. Bakholelwa ukuba iyelenqe le-9/11 laqanjwa Afghanistani , kodwa mhlawumbi yaphunyezwa kwi-Peninsula yaseArabia nakwi iYurophu.
Ngoko bahlasela, yaye bahlasela besazi ukuba babebeka izigidi ngezigidi zabantu esichengeni sokulamba. Babemi kanye emphethweni wendlala kwaye uhlaselo lwalunokubaqhubela phezu komphetho. Uqikelelo lwabo yayingabantu abazizigidi ezisisi-2.5. Enyanisweni, ii-arhente zoncedo kunye nabanye babecatshukiswa yile nto kwaye kwafuneka bakhuphe inkxaso yabo kunye nokunye. Ngethamsanqa, eyona nto imbi kakhulu ayizange yenzeke, kodwa kukwenza uhlaselo kuloo ngcinga, xa eyona njongo yakho ikukufumana urhulumente ukuba anikezele umntu xa ungenakho ukunika ubungqina lulwaphulo-mthetho olukhulu kwaye uhlaselo luye lwaba lubi kakhulu. isiphumo kwi Afghanistani . Ezinye zezifundo zangoku zoluvo loluntu zibonisa ukuba omnye wamanani adumileyo kwi Afghanistani ngoku kubonakala ngathi nguNajibullah, umlawuli wokugqibela wamaKomanisi welizwe emva kokuba amaRashiya erhoxile. Ukususela ngoko i US ilizwe lilinikele kumajoni alidlavula layiqwenga, aza ahlasela, ngoku ilizwe lisingise kwintlekele.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimigaqo-nkqubo yangoku, ndicinga ukuba u-Obama ubonakala enobudlova kwaye enobundlobongela kunoBush. Izenzo zokuqala ezenzeka phantsi kolawulo lwakhe luhlaselo Afghanistani nangaphakathi Phakistan, zombini ezibulele abantu abaninzi kwaye zakha inkxaso yeTaliban kunye noloyiko. Ufuna ukwandisa icala lomkhosi wemfazwe. Kukho intshukumo yoxolo yase-Afghan, efuna ukuncitshiswa okanye ukuphela koloyiko. Umongameli uKarzai ucenge i-United States ukuba ingalwenzi uhlaselo oluya kubetha abantu kwaye, enyanisweni, uye wafuna ixesha lokurhoxiswa kwemikhosi yangaphandle, imikhosi yaseMelika, kodwa loo nto ayihoywa kwaphela kwaye amathuba okuhlaliswa ngoxolo alungile. ingahoywa. Kukho izizathu zokuba andiyi kungena, kodwa ndicinga ukuba ngumgaqo-nkqubo ombi. Ziyonakalisa kuma-Afghans kwaye mhlawumbi nakubaseMelika. Ikwaphalala ngaphakathi Phakistan, ngokwemvelo, nto leyo eyingozi ngokwenene. Phakistan, ngoku, ngokuyinxenye phantsi kolawulo lwe-radical Islamist elements ukuba uReagan wanceda ukufakela apho. Kuyingozi kakhulu ukuba Phakistan kwaye eneneni kwihlabathi, ukusukela Phakistan unezixhobo zenyukliya.
UEric: Kwelo nqaku, u-Obama uye wachaza ukuba uza kuthumela imikhosi PhakistanImimandla yezizwe ukuba imikhosi yasePakistani ayikwazanga ukutyumza imikhosi yaseTaliban kunye ne-Al Qaeda apho. Ngaba ucinga ukuba le yinto enokwenzeka yokwenyani, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, ngaba u-Obama ubeka umngcipheko wokubuyela umva okufanayo ekhaya nakwihlabathi liphela mhlawumbi uMongameli uNixon wafumana emva kweCambodia Incursion kunye nenkxaso yomoya waseMelika kwimizamo ye-ARVN iLaos ngasemva ngexesha leMfazwe yaseVietnam?
UChomsky: Kunokwenzeka, kodwa owona mcimbi uya kuba yintoni oyenzayo Phakistan kwaye Afghanistani , kwaye apho ndicinga ukuba kuya kuba yingozi.
*Ngelixesha siphelelwe lixesha so savalelisana.
U-Eric Beilay unokufikelelwa kuyo [imeyile ikhuselwe]
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela