Washington - Phakathi kweengxelo zokuba ulawulo lukaMongameli wase-US uGeorge W. Bush luqwalasela izenzo ezifihlakeleyo ezichasene nemikhosi yamaSilamsi exhobileyo kwintshona yePakistan, uphando olutsha olukhutshwe apha ngoMvulo lucebise ukuba umzamo onjalo uya kuchaswa luninzi lwabantu basePakistan ngokwabo.
Uphando, olwaxhaswa ngemali yi-quasi-governmental US Institute of Peace (USIP) kwaye lwayilwa yiNkqubo yeYunivesithi yaseMaryland kwi-International Policy Attitudes (PIPA), kwakhona yafumanisa ukuba uninzi olunamandla lwamaPakistani luqwalasela ubukho bomkhosi wase-US e-Asia kwaye Ummelwane wase-Afghanistan usisoyikiso esibaluleke kakhulu kwilizwe labo kune-al Qaeda okanye intshukumo yeTaliban yasePakistan kwimimandla yezizwe ecaleni komda neAfghanistan.
Iipesenti ezintlanu kuphela zabaphenduli bathi urhulumente wasePakistan kufuneka avumele i-US okanye eminye imikhosi yangaphandle ukuba ingene ePakistan ilandele okanye ibambe abalweli be-al Qaeda, xa kuthelekiswa neepesenti ezingama-80 abathi ezo zenzo akufuneki zivunyelwe, ngokokuvota, okusekwe. kudliwano-ndlebe olunzulu lwabantu basePakistan abangaphezu kwama-900 kwizixeko ezili-19 phakathi kuSeptemba.
Ngenxa yoko, uphando aluzange luthathele ingqalelo iziganeko eziphazamisayo ezenzeke ePakistan ukususela ngoko, kubandakanywa nemeko yonxunguphalo yeeveki ezintandathu ebhengezwe nguMongameli uPervez Musharraf, ukugxothwa kweNkundla ePhakamileyo, ukubuya ekuthinjweni kwalowo wangaphambili. iinkulumbuso u-Benazir Bhutto kunye no-Nawaz Sharif, kunye no-Bhutto ukubulawa kwe-27 kaDisemba okuye kwakhokelela ekulibazisekeni konyulo olucwangcisiweyo lwepalamente ukususela ngo-8 kaJanuwari ukuya kwinyanga ezayo.
Ingaba ezi ziganeko zinokuba nefuthe kangakanani kuluvo loluntu ePakistan kuluhlu lwemiba echazwe kuphando- ngakumbi kwi-Pakistani Taliban, enye yeenkokeli zayo, u-Baitullah Mehsud, utyholwa ngurhulumente ngokubulala uBhutto - ayinakwenzeka. eyaziwayo.
Kodwa isimo sengqondo esisisiseko esivezwe kuvoto, ngakumbi malunga ne-US, sinokunika intuthuzelo encinci kulawulo, oluye lothuswa kakhulu malunga neziganeko zamva nje zasePakistan, ngakumbi ukusweleka kukaBhutto, ukungafuni komkhosi wasePakistan ukuthatha iTaliban, kwaye. Iingxelo zobuntlola zokuba i-al Qaeda kunye namahlakani ayo asekuhlaleni, kuquka iTaliban, baye baqinisa iinzame zabo zokumisa urhulumente.
NgeCawa, i-New York Times iqhube inqaku elikwiphepha elingaphambili malunga nentlanganiso ye-White House ngolwe-Sihlanu apho amagosa aphezulu, kubandakanya uSekela Mongameli uDick Cheney kunye noNobhala welizwe uCondoleezza Rice, kuxelwe ukuba baxoxisana ngokucinezela uMusharraf kunye nobunkokeli bakhe bomkhosi obutsha ukuba bavumele ubuNhloli obuphakathi. I-Arhente (i-CIA) kunye ne-US Special Operations Forces (SOF) ukuba zenze imisebenzi efihlakeleyo engakumbi ngokuchasene neethagethi ezikhethiweyo kwi-Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), imimandla yezizwe ezizimeleyo eziye zaye zalawulwa kakhulu yi-Pakistani Taliban abaye kutsha nje baye bandisa impembelelo yabo kwiPhondo laseMntla Ntshona. I-US okwangoku inamajoni angama-50 ePakistan asebenza ngokuyintloko ekucebiseni nakwisikhundla sobukrelekrele.
Ngelixa amanye amagosa olawulo kuthiwa akholelwa ukuba iziganeko zakutsha nje ziye zacenga uMusharraf kunye nomkhosi ukuba bafune uncedo olunjalo ukuze bathintele isoyikiso esikhulayo seTaliban-al Qaeda, iingcali zengingqi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kulawulo ziye zaxoxa ngelithi olo ngenelelo lubeke emngciphekweni wokudodobalisa ilizwe ngakumbi. ukuqala oko i-Times yakubiza ngokuba "kukubuyela umva okukhulu" ngokuchasene ne-US kunye nawuphi na urhulumente owabonwa njengeqabane lakhe.
Ngaphandle kokuyeka phantse iinyanga ezine ukususela kuphando lwe-USIP-PIPA lwenziwe, iziphumo zayo ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kubonakala zixhasa uqikelelo lwamva.
Ngelixa uphando lufumanise ukuba uninzi lwabantu basePakistan banemibono engalunganga yamaSilamsi abukhali, kubandakanya iTaliban kunye ne-al Qaeda, kwaye bayakugatya kakhulu ukusebenzisa kwabo ubundlobongela obujoliswe kubemi, iimbono zabo nge-United States kunye neenjongo zayo malunga nePakistan zibonakala zingaphezulu kakhulu. unobutshaba nokungathembani.
I-84 yeepesenti ithi ubukho bomkhosi wase-US kulo mmandla "bubaluleke kakhulu" (i-72 ekhulwini) okanye "ibalulekile" (i-12 yeepesenti) isoyikiso "kwizinto ezibalulekileyo" zasePakistan.
Xa kuthelekiswa, i-53 pesenti yabaphenduli bathi bakholelwa ukuba ukungavisisani kunye ne-Indiya - apho iPakistan iye yalwa iimfazwe ezininzi - yenza "ingozi enkulu"; Iipesenti ze-41 zithi i-al Qaeda "njengesongelo esibalulekileyo"; I-34 pesenti ibeka "imisebenzi yamajoni amaSilamsi kunye neTaliban yendawo" kudidi olufanayo.
Ebuzwa ukuba akhethe kuluhlu lweenjongo zase-US ezityholwa kulo mmandla, iipesenti ezingama-78 zachaza umnqweno waseWashington "wokugcina ulawulo kwimithombo yeoli yaseMbindi Mpuma" (ipesenti ezingama-59 zathi "ngokuqinisekileyo" yinjongo, ipesenti ze-19 zathi "mhlawumbi". "); ama-75 ekhulwini (ama-53 ekhulwini โngokuqinisekileyoโ akhankanya โukusasaza ubuKristuโ; kunye neepesenti ezingama-86 (iipesenti ezingama-70 "ngokuqinisekileyo") bathi "kukwenza buthathaka kunye nokwahlula umhlaba wamaSilamsi". Kuphela ngama-63 ekhulwini (ama-41 ekhulwini "ngokuqinisekileyo") akhethe ukhetho "lokuthintela uhlaselo olungakumbi olufana nolweWorld Trade Center ngoSeptemba 2001."
Ngaphezu koko, uninzi lwabaphenduli bathi bakholelwa ukuba i-US ilawula "uninzi" (iipesenti ezingama-32) okanye "phantse zonke" (iipesenti ezingama-24) zeziganeko ezinkulu zamva nje zenzeke ePakistan, xa kuthelekiswa neepesenti ezingama-22 abathi "abanye" "ukulawula e-US kunye neepesenti ezine ezithe "kancinci kakhulu". Ishumi elinesibhozo ekhulwini lalile ukuphendula.
Ngokuphathelele kwintsebenziswano yezokhuseleko ePakistan-US, ngaphantsi komnye kwabaphenduli abahlanu bathi ixhamle iPakistan ngokuyintloko okanye bobabini ngokulinganayo. Amashumi amane anesine ekhulwini athi azuze kakhulu i-US; kwaye i-11 pesenti yathi alikho iqela eliye laxhamla.
Ukungathembeki kwe-US, nangona kunjalo, akuzange kuguqulelwe kwinkxaso yamaSilamsi abukhali, iTaliban, okanye i-al Qaeda, ngokophando. Ngelixa babejongwa njengesoyikiso esincinci kune-US, abathandathu kwabangama-10 abaphendulayo bathi bathathela ingqalelo iTaliban kunye ne-al Qaeda nokuba "sisisongelo esibalulekileyo" okanye "esibalulekileyo" ePakistan.
Kwaye nanjengoko uninzi olukhulu luchasile naluphi na ungenelelo lomkhosi wase-US okanye wangaphandle ngokuchasene namaqela amabini ePakistan, uninzi olusondela kwipesenti ezingama-50 luthi luya kuxhasa umkhosi wasePakistan ongena kwiFATA ukubamba abalweli be-al Qaeda okanye abavukeli beTaliban abawele bevela eAfghanistan.
Amanani amaninzi anokuthelekiswa nawo athi athanda ukuphelisa ubume obukhethekileyo bomthetho be-FATA kunye nokudibanisa imimandla yayo kwisakhiwo sezomthetho selizwe lonke, kodwa kwakhona bakhetha ukuthatha indlela yokufumana isidanga equka uthetha-thethwano kunye neTaliban yendawo ngokusebenzisa umkhosi womkhosi ukunyanzelisa ulawulo lukarhulumente ophakathi.
Olu phando lukwafumene inkxaso emandla kurhulumente esekwe kokubini "kwimithetho-siseko yobuSilamsi" nakwiimbono zedemokhrasi, kubandakanywa inkundla ezimeleyo kunye nokulawulwa ngabameli abonyuliweyo. Ngelixa abathandathu kwabaphenduli be-10 bathi baxhasa indima enkulu kumthetho wamaSilamsi, okanye iSharia, kwinkqubo yezomthetho yasePakistan, kuphela i-15 ekhulwini yathi bafuna ukubona ngakumbi "iTalibanisation yobomi bemihla ngemihla", ibinzana eliqhelekileyo elisetyenziswa kwimidiya yasePakistan ukubhekisela. ukuya kulondolozo olugqithisileyo lwezenkolo.
Ngokwenene, ngaphezu kwesibhozo kwi-10 yathi kubalulekile ukuba iPakistan ikhusele iincinci zonqulo zayo; ngaphezu kwesithathu kwezine uhlaselo kwabo bambalwa "alunakuthetheleleka"; yaye phantse ababini kwabathathu bathi baxhasa izicwangciso zikarhulumente zokulawula izikolo zonqulo, okanye iimadrasa, zokufuna ukuba bafundise izifundo zehlabathi, njengezibalo nenzululwazi. Li-17 ekhulwini kuphela elathi liyaluchasa olo hlengahlengiso.
Ngokubanzi, abo baphendulayo baxhasa ukwandiswa kweSharia kunye norhulumente osekelwe "kwimigaqo yobuSilamsi" nabo batyekele ekuthandeni iinjongo zedemokhrasi kunye nohlaziyo lwezemfundo ngamazinga aphezulu kunabanye.
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