Abaphembeleli be-Diarmament kunye no-ambassadors bangaphambili base-US bakhuthaza uNobhala kaRhulumente u-Hillary Clinton ukuba andise uncedo lwase-US e-Laos ukucima izigidi zeetoni zommiselo ongaqhunyiswanga (i-UXO) eshiywe ngabaqhushumbisi base-US kwintsimi yayo ngexesha leMfazwe yase-Indochina ngexesha lotyelelo lwakhe olufutshane kwilizwe ngoLwesithathu.
Utyelelo, olucwangciselwe ukuhlala kuphela iiyure ezimbalwa kukhenketho oluxakekileyo lwezizwe ezisibhozo nguClinton oluyilwe ngokuyinxenye ukuba lugxininise โi-pivotโ yolawulo lukaBarack Obama ukusuka kuMbindi Mpuma ukuya eAsia, nangona kunjalo luya kuba yimbali. Akukho nobhala welizwe wase-US ohleliyo otyelele iLaos ukusukela ngo-1955.
Imithombo apha yathi uClinton ucinga nge-100-million-dollar aid aid ukuxhasa iinzame zokucoca ibhomu kwixesha le-10 leminyaka. Ukuzibophezela okunjalo kuya kuba ngaphezu kwe-dollar ephantse ibe yi-47 yezigidi zeedola iWashington ibonelele ngoncedo lwe-UXO ukususela kwi-1997 xa iqala ukuxhasa ngemali iinkqubo ze-UXO eLaos.
"Ngelixa utyelelo lukaNobhala uClinton lubhiyozela ikamva elithembisayo kubudlelwane base-US-Lao," utshilo u-Amb. UDouglas Hartwick, owayesebenza njengommeli waseWashington eVientiane ukusuka kwi-2001 ukuya kwi-2004, "Ndiyathemba ukuba uyaqinisekisa kubantu baseLao ukuzinikela okuzinzile kweMelika ekuncedeni iLaos kunye noluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe ukusombulula eli lifa kube kanye ngokususa ilizwe laseLao kwiibhombu ezibulalayo. .โ
UHartwick wayengomnye wabameli abathandathu eLaos owathi kunyaka ophelileyo wabongoza uClinton ukuba aye eLaos kwaye amkele isiphakamiso se-UXO seminyaka eli-10, i-100 yezigidi zeedola - esabekwa phambili ngumbutho oseWashington, iLifa leMfazwe - kuye. indlela eya okanye isuka kwisamithi yoMbutho waMazantsi-mpuma eAsia (ASEAN) eBali, eIndonesia.
Abaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo, nangona kunjalo, bagqibe kwelokuba balubeke ecaleni uhambo de kube yingqungquthela yalo nyaka yesithili eCambodia, ummelwane waseLaos.
Kulo nyaka uphelileyo, iWashington iye yaqinisa ubudlelwane bayo nabamelwane basemazantsi eTshayina, ngakumbi iBurma apho ubudlelwane buphucuke ngokumangalisayo ukusukela kutyelelo lukaClinton apho - nolokuqala ngunobhala welizwe ukusukela ngo-1955 - kuDisemba ophelileyo. Ngaphambi kokufika ePhnom Penh ngoLwesithathu, uchithe uLwesibini eHanoi ngaphambi kokuba ahambe aye eVientiane.
Phakathi kowe-1964 no-1973, ngaphezulu kwe-2.5 yezigidi zeetoni zezixhobo zase-US zaphoswa eLaos-ngaphezulu kwezo zaphoswa eJamani naseJapan zidityanisiwe ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II-isenza elona lizwe lihlwempuzekileyo ngelo xesha kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia elona lizwe libhobhodlo kakhulu ngomntu ngamnye. imbali erekhodiweyo.
Ngabemi abamalunga nezigidi ezisisi-2.5 ngelo xesha, kwaphoswa umlinganiselo wetoni enye yeebhombu kwindoda nganye, umfazi nomntwana ngamnye eLaos.
Iibhombu ezifikelela kuma-30 ekhulwini azizange zikwazi ukuqhushumba. Iintsalela zabo azibangeli nje iingxwelerha ezingamakhulu aliqela ngonyaka, kodwa zikwathintela ngempumelelo amafama aseLaotia ekubeni alime amakhulu amawaka eehektare zomhlaba ochumileyo.
Abanye abantu be-20,000 babulewe okanye bagogekile yi-UXO kwiminyaka eyi-40 edlulileyo, ngokutsho kweLegacies of War. Kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba isinye kwisithathu somhlaba waseLao sisagcwele ummiselo obulalayo.
Ngokungafaniyo neVietnam kunye neKhambodiya, iWashington ayizange iqhawule ubudlelwane bezozakuzo kunye norhulumente wamaKomanisi owathi ekugqibeleni wathatha ulawulo ngo-1975. Kodwa nangona kunjalo yathatha iminyaka eyi-17 - de kwaba ngo-1992 - kwi-US, eyona nto iphambili ekuqaleni yayiyi-akhawunti malunga ne-600 ye-US servicemen yabulawa. okanye ulahlekile kwisenzo eLaos, ukulungelelanisa ngokupheleleyo amaqhina. Ubudlelwane borhwebo obuqhelekileyo bamiselwa ngokusesikweni kwiminyaka esixhenxe kuphela eyadlulayo.
IWashington yaqala ukubonelela ngenkxaso-mali yokukhutshwa kwe-UXO kwi-1997 phantsi koMongameli uBill Clinton kwaye igcine uncedo kumyinge wonyaka malunga ne-2.6 yezigidi zeedola. Kwi-2009, inyuke yaya kwi-3.5 yezigidi zeedola kwaye emva koko yaya kwizigidi ezihlanu zeedola ngo-2010. Ikhokelwa nguSeninkulu weDemokhrasi uPatrick Leahy kunye noSenenja waseRiphabhlikhi uRichard Lugar, iCongress ivume izigidi ezilithoba zeedola kulo nyaka.
I-Senate Appropriations Committee iphakamise ukuba i-10 yezigidi zeedola ivunywe kwi-2013, kodwa loo mali ingaba nzima ukuthengisa kwiNdlu yaBameli ekhokelwa yiRiphabhlikhi.
Abaxhasi boncedo banethemba lokuba ukuzinikela koluntu nguClinton kuya kwandisa amathuba okuvunywa kwe-Congressional kwi-10 yezigidi zeedola kunye nokuzinikela kwexesha elide abakholelwa ukuba kuya kuba yimfuneko ukunyusa izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo ezivela kwamanye amazwe kunye nee-arhente.
"Abantu abaqhubeka bebandezeleka ngenxa yeziqhushumbisi ngabahlali abaqhelekileyo baseLao," utshilo uChannapha Khamvongsa, umlawuli olawulayo weLegacies. "Sinethemba lokuba emva kokubona impembelelo yomntu ye-UXO eLaos kuqala, uNobhala uya kuphinda aqinisekise ukuzinikela kwe-US ekuncedeni iLaos ukuxazulula le ngxaki kanye kunye."
Kodwa umceli mngeni usahleli unzima. Nangona i-UXO engaphezu kwesigidi iqikelelwa ukuba yatshatyalaliswa okanye yacinywa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukholelwa ukuba phantse i-80 yezigidi ze-UXO zisahlakazeka kulo lonke ilizwe.
"Isenzo se-UXO / yam yimeko engaphambili yophuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho lwaseLaos," ngokutsho kophando oluneminyaka emibini ubudala lweNkqubo yoPhuhliso ye-UN esebenze kunye norhulumente weNkulumbuso uThongsing Thammavong ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokugxila kwiinzame zokususa kwiindawo ezibekwe phambili phambili.
"(E) amathuba ezoqoqosho kukhenketho, amandla ombane, imigodi, amahlathi kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi zomsebenzi ezithathwa njengeenjini eziphambili zokukhula kweLao (Peoples Democratic Republic) zithintelwe, zintsonkothile kwaye zenziwa zibiza kakhulu," ngokutsho kwe-UNDP ethe yaqikelelwa. inkxaso-mali idinga ukunciphisa kakhulu ingxaki ye-UXO eLaos kwi-30 yezigidi zeedola ngonyaka ezigcinwe kwixesha le-10 leminyaka.
Ngelixa i-US ingoyena mxhasi mkhulu kwiprogram ye-UXO, abanye abaxhasi, ngokukodwa iJapan, iKhomishini yaseYurophu, i-Ireland, iSwitzerland, iLuxembourg, iJamani, ne-Australia, kunye nee-arhente ze-UN, nazo ziye zafaka isandla kule nkqubo.
Ikhokelwa ngokuyintloko yinkxaso-mali ye-UXO, inkqubo yoncedo lwamazwe amabini e-Washington iyonke ukuya eLaos ikhule ukusuka malunga nezigidi ezihlanu zeedola kwi-2007 ukuya kwi-12 yezigidi zeedola kulo nyaka. Ukongeza kwizigidi ezilithoba zeedola zeprogram ye-UXO, iWashington igxininise uncedo kwicandelo lezempilo kunye ne-counter-narcotics.
Kuphuhliso oluhambelanayo ngoMvulo, i-Human Rights Watch ikhuthaze uClinton ukuba ayeke lonke uncedo kwiziko lokuvalelwa kweziyobisi eSomsanga de urhulumente waseLao enze uphando olupheleleyo noluzimeleyo malunga nokunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo oluntu okutyholwa ukuba kwenziwa kumabanjwa apho, kuquka nabantwana.
Ngenyanga yoKwindla, iiarhente ezili-12 zeZizwe eziManyeneyo ziye zacela ukuba iSomsanga kunye namanye amaziko ogcino lweziyobisi eLaos avalwe.
"Urhulumente waseLao kunye neSebe lase-US libanga ukuba iSomsanga liziko lezempilo lanamhlanje," utshilo uJoe Amon, umlawuli wezempilo kunye namalungelo oluntu we-HRW. Kodwa ishumi leminyaka lenkxaso-mali yase-US ayitshintshanga into yokuba liziko lokuvalelwa elikhohlakeleyo nelingenabuntu apho urhulumente waseLao ubeka abantu 'abangathandekiyo'."
Ibhlog kaJim Lobe kumgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle wase-US inokufundwa kuyo http://www.lobelog.com.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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