Umthombo: Richardfalk.org
Umnqweno womntu wokuphila udla ngokuthathwa njengento engenamsebenzi, nto leyo eyayingeyomfuneko kangako ngaphambi kokufika kwexesha lenyukliya ngowe-1945. i I-Anthropocene ibaluleke ngakumbi. Ukuqonda ngokubanzi i-Anthropocene yinto eyenziwa ngabantu enempembelelo kulungelelwaniso olusisiseko lwe-ecosystem yeplanethi. Uphuhliso olulandelayo olunxulunyaniswa nobudlelwane phakathi kokukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi kuye kwaqinisekisa ubungakanani obothusayo be-arhente yabantu ngokungakhathali ngokubhekiselele kwi-equilibrium yendalo yeplanethi.
Iziphumo ezigqwesileyo zeAnthropocene zifumene ingqwalasela encinci, oko kukuthi, i-ecological backlash ebeka emngciphekweni ukusinda kweentlobo zabantu. Okokuqala kwimbali yehlabathi imisebenzi eyenziwa ngabom yohlobo lomntu ibeka esichengeni ubukho bayo kunye nekamva layo, kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, zengingqi, nezengingqi eziye zawa okanye eziwohlokayo. Ewe, kuyo yonke imbali yehlabathi iintlobo zeentlobo zezilwanyana ngokukodwa kwiindawo ziye zaziphatha ngeendlela eziye zazisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwazo zonke, kwaye oku kubandakanya iintlobo zabantu. Ngaphambili, kuye kwakho amaza okuphela kwabantu atshintshe ukungafani kwezinto eziphilayo kwesi sijikelezi-langa. {yabona Ukuwa; Elizabeth Kolbert, Ukuphela Kwesithandathu: Imbali engeyoNdalo (2014)]. Ubungakanani bezoyikiso zangaphambili kubukho bomntu zonke bezikwinqanaba le-sub-species, zichaphazela ikamva loluntu olusengozini okanye impucuko. [Bona iJared Diamond, Ukuwa: Indlela imibutho ekhetha ngayo ukusilela okanye ukuphumelela (2004)].
Into ekhethekileyo malunga nembali yangoku yokudibanisa kweemeko kukuba ezona zoyikiso zibalaseleyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kule nkulungwane zijoliswe kuhlobo luphela. Esi soyikiso sidityaniswa yinyani yamava oluntu alungelelanisiweyo ukuze kukhuthazwe ukusinda kweentlobo ezincinci, ngakumbi, kwinqanaba lelizwe elizimeleyo. Olu phawu lusisiseko lolungelelwaniso lwehlabathi luqiniswe ngamandla ziingcamango zobuzwe ezixhomekeke kwi-sub-specicially optics of apprasal, kunye nokuqinisa ngokungacingelekiyo ukunyaniseka kweentlobo eziphantsi njengowona mnqweno uphakamileyo weentlobo eziqhekekayo. Izazisi ezongezelelekileyo zobuzwe zikho, ngamanye amaxesha ngamandla, ngohlobo okanye inkolo, iimvakalelo zempucuko zokuba ngowabanye, ubuzwe, ingcamango, kunye nokudibana ngokwesini kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. Into engekhoyo ngamandla awoneleyo okuchasana nengcinezelo ye-sub-specicy primacy ziindlela zesakhono esaneleyo ukukhusela ngokucacileyo. umntu umdla kukusinda kweentlobo okanye jikelele umdla kwiintlobo ezibalulekileyo zokuhlalisana kweentlobo ngeentlobo.
Emva kweemfazwe ezinkulu zenkulungwane yangaphambili, kuye kwakhululwa iimpembelelo ezinamandla zezopolitiko kwicala loluntu kunye neenkokeli zamagunya awoyisileyo ukulawula kunye nokumisela umdla woluntu. Imfundiso yeMfazwe yoBulungisa ngaphambili yayizamile ukunika inkolo kunye nesiseko somthetho sobulungisa behlabathi lonke ukubhenela ekuqhubeni imfazwe, kodwa ukutolikwa kwayo kwakuthotywe phantsi kweendlela zokutolika kunye namabhongo eenkokeli zamazwe azimeleyo ngakumbi eNtshona, esenza. kucacile ukuba ii-sub-species eziphambili ziyongamela umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe nanini na zingqubana. Ukuphazamiseka kwembali ye-20 enkuluth iimfazwe zenkulungwane ziye zavelisa uvakalelo oluxhaphakileyo lwengozi yabantu eNtshona eyakhokelela ekusekweni kwamaziko ehlabathi. Ukubulawa kwabantu ngeMfazwe Yehlabathi I kwakhokelela ekusekweni koManyano Lwezizwe yaye ibhombu yeathom yadlulisela imvo yongxamiseko emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ekuthinteleni iMfazwe Yehlabathi III eyayisoyikwa. Nangona kunjalo iziphumo zezi nzame zeziko azizange zicele umngeni ngokunzulu ukongamela kweentlobo ezincinci, kwaye zibonelele ngeendawo ezifanelekileyo zonxibelelwano lwehlabathi kunye namalungiselelo entsebenziswano asebenze ngokulinganayo kunye nomdla omnye komnye wamazwe azimeleyo ngelixa eshiya imigangatho yehlabathi. Ngaphandle kwentetho ye-globalism, ukuphakanyiswa okunzima kokuthintela imfazwe kwakunamathele ngokuzimeleyo kwiindlela zobuzwe zolawulo lwe-sub-species ye-statist kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko ezihlangeneyo ezibonisa ukunqanda kunye nolawulo lwentlekele. I-UN ibonakalise ukuba ixabisekile kwiimeko ezininzi, nangona iyilelwe ukuba ingaphumeleli xa isiza kukhuseleko lwentlalontle yezilwanyana ngokwahlukileyo ekukhuthazeni umdla wodidi olunye lwabadlali bezopolitiko, oko kukuthi, amazwe alawulayo. Olu tshintsho lwangabom luphawulwa kwimeko ye-UN ngokunika awona mazwe ayingozi kakhulu amandla e-veto ngokubanzi anika ukungohlwaywa nokungaphenduli. Ukuzithoba kwe-UN kwi-geopolitics kwaboniswa ngokushiya inkxaso-mali phantsi kolawulo loorhulumente abangamalungu, kunye nokunciphisa igunya legosa elilawulayo, uNobhala Jikelele. Le ntsilelo ye-UN yayixela ngakumbi kunamava angaphambili kunye noMbutho njengoko ibhombu yeathom yalumkisa kwangaphambili ngengozi engazange ibonwe ngaphambili kuyo yonke indalo, into entsha kumava oluntu, mhlawumbi ayintsha kwaphela, inikwe amava angaphambili ngobhubhane odale ezopolitiko. Iingcinga zesiphelo sehlabathi kunye nethuba elamkelekileyo lokuba i-meteor enkulu inokuntlitheka kwisijikelezi-langa sitshintsha ukujikeleza kwayo kunye nokuhlala kwayo.
IYurophu izame ukusukela emva kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi ngeenzame zokoyisa ubungozi bongquzulwano lweentlobo ezingaphantsi kwinqanaba lommandla, ngeziphumo ezixubeneyo. Impumelelo yayo ibandakanya ukuphepha ngokupheleleyo imfazwe yangaphakathi yengingqi yolo hlobo olwadlakaza iYurophu kangangeenkulungwane, kunye nokukhusela iNtshona Yurophu kwizisongelo zokwenyani okanye ezicingelwayo ezibangelwa bubundlongondlongo beSoviet (isiphumo esifunyenwe ngoncedo lomanyano lweNATO olukhokelwa yiMelika. ). IYurophu yaseka imali efanayo eyavumela uqoqosho lwaseYurophu ukuba luqhube kakuhle kwisithuba seminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe, yaza yaququzelela urhwebo nokuhamba neYurophu. Kwangaxeshanye, ubuni bengingqi abuzange buthathe ingcambu, kwaye uninzi lwabantu baseYurophu baqhubeka bezichaza ngokubhekisele kwilizwe labo, uguquko olubonakaliswa ngokucacileyo ngokurhoxiswa kwe-BREXIT ye-United Kingdom kubulungu beManyano yaseYurophu ngaphandle kweenzuzo eziphathekayo. Nangona i-EU ikwazi ukuzalisekisa amaphupha amaninzi abaxhasi bayo iya kuba ngumdlali we-sub-species, mhlawumbi ngombono okhanyiselweyo, kodwa uxhomekeke kwizinto eziphambili kunye nehlabathi elihambelana nemibono ye-sub-species ekubunjweni kwehlabathi jikelele. umgaqo-nkqubo. Ukuba bekukho amathandabuzo malunga noku, baye basuswa kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngolwamkelo olunobutshaba olunikwe abafuduki abavela kwiindawo zokulwa kuMbindi Mpuma kunye namazwe aseAfrika axhatshazwa kakhulu kukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Nokuba i-nuclearism njengemeko yokhuseleko kunye nentlekele ekufutshane ayizange inike ibhalansi kwicala lezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yesimo sayo esingabonakaliyo kunye nokuhambelana kolawulo lwe-sub-species olusekwe ukuba lusebenzise ulawulo olunengqiqo phantsi kwe-geopolitical auspices, ngendicinge ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu luya kwenza umsebenzi oyimfuneko wokwakha ngokutsha kwiindlela ze-globalism ngendlela esicinga ngayo, esiziva ngayo, kunye nesenzo. [Bona uMartin J. Sherwin, Ukungcakaza ngeArmageddon: Nuclear Roulette ukusuka eHiroshima ukuya kwiCuban Missile Crisis (2020)] Ngokungafaniyo nemfazwe yenyukliya, eyavuselela uhlobo loncwadi lwe-dystopian kunye neemeko zentshabalalo, izoyikiso zokutshintsha kwemozulu zaqinisekiswa njengeziqinisekiso eziqinisekileyo ngesivumelwano esinamandla phakathi kwezo ngcali zemozulu, kwaye yaziswa kwihlabathi ngothotho lweetoliki ezithembekileyo, kubandakanya. iPhaneli yeZizwe eziManyeneyo malunga noTshintsho lweMozulu (IPCC) [Jonga ngokukodwa izilumkiso ezibi, iNgxelo yeSithandathu yoVavanyo luka-2021: Isiseko soBume (kwinkqubo yemozulu kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu)]. Ngamanye amazwi, i-paradigm yolwazi eyayinxulunyaniswa nemeko yala maxesha, ebekucingelwa ukuba isekwe kwinzululwazi, ukuba nengqiqo, ukujongwa kwamandla, idatha, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kovavanyo, bekuya kukhokelela kumandla enguqu anike inkxaso engxamisekileyo kwisikali sohlobo oluyimfuneko ukudlula umdla wesizwe. ukuxhasa izilangazelelo zabantu nezehlabathi.[Naomi Oreskes & Erik W. Conway, Abarhwebi bamathandabuzo: indlela iiNzululwazi eziye zayifihla ngayo iNyaniso kwiMiba esuka kumsi wecuba ukuya kukufudumala kwehlabathi. (2004)] Nangona kukho ubungqina, inkqubo-sikhokelo ye-sub-species yokusombulula iingxaki ihleli ingenamkelo ngaphandle kwamatsha ntliziyo oluntu. [URobert C. Johansen, Apho Bukhokelela Khona Ubungqina: IQhinga eliyinyani loXolo noKhuseleko loLuntu (2021)]
Kukho ukuqondwa ngokubanzi ukuba iNgqungquthela yeCOP-26 yaseGlasgow yoTshintsho lweMozulu yaba yinto edanisayo. Ayiphelelanga nje ekuboneleleni ukuba ulwakhiwo lolwakhiwo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo luphathiswe ukusabela kwimingeni emininzi, kodwa ukungafani kweemeko zesizwe kuthintele amanqanaba anentsingiselo olungiselelo lwentsebenziswano yesihlobo esisezantsi kwaye kwashiya izibophelelo ezenziwe ngolwimi olunqwenelekayo lwezithembiso kunye nezenzo zokuzithandela. ibe nempembelelo enkulu kakhulu, njengoko yenzekileyo izimvo ezizinzisiweyo 'zobunyani bezopolitiko,' ezithe gqolo ukunxibelelanisa ukhuseleko lwabantu kukhuseleko lukarhulumente ngokuchasene nezoyikiso zomkhosi kunye nokhuphiswano ngokwelizwe kwaye unike ingqwalasela encinci kakhulu kumceli mngeni ozayo we-bio-ecological-ethical. -Ingxaki yezopolitiko-yokomoya engenakoyiswa ngaphandle kokuvela kwentando eyomeleleyo yeentlobo zabantu ukuze baphile, nto leyo ethetha inguqu emandla yento eyenza ubomi buxabiseke kuninzi lwabemi bomhlaba.
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