Wazalwa ngo-1947, uMichael Albert ube litshantliziyo elibukhali ukusukela oko wayechasa iMfazwe yaseVietnam njengomfundi eMIT eBoston ngeminyaka yoo-1960. Uqhubekile wabhala iincwadi ezingaphezu kweshumi elinesihlanu kwaye waseka eyona mibutho ibalulekileyo ye-American radical left - ukusuka kwindlu yopapasho eqhubekayo i-South End Press, ukuya. Z Magazine kunye newebhusayithi edumileyo ZNet. Umbono kunye neqhinga, uAlbert, kunye noRobin Hanhel, baphuhlise uhlobo lwezoqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba, okanye iParecon, njengenye indlela ye-capitalism kunye ne-socialism ecetywayo ephakathi (I-Parecon: Ubomi Emva koBuchule, Verso, 2003).
E-UK kukhenketho olufutshane lokuthetha ukukhuthaza iParecon, uAlbert wathetha no-Ian Sinclair* kwi-Anarchist Bookfair yonyaka eLondon.
Iindaba zoXolo: Kutheni ucinga ukuba kubalulekile ukuba abaphembeleli abanenkqubela babe nombono ocacileyo kunye nesicwangciso sekamva?
UMichael Albert: Okokuqala, ukuba awazi apho ufuna ukuya khona, kunokwenzeka ukuba ugqibezele indawo ongafuni ukuba kuyo. Libinzana elilula, kodwa kukho inyaniso eninzi kulo.
Into yesibini libinzana eliqhelekileyo, ngakumbi phakathi kwe-anarchists kunye nabantu abancinci: tyala imbewu yekamva ngoku. Awukwazi ukutyala imbewu yekamva ukuba awunalo nofifi ngekamva kwaye awufuni kuthetha nto ngekamva. Awufuni iplani kuba asiyoyethu ukuba senze iplani. Kwaye asikwazi ukwenza oko. Kodwa into ofuna ukuyenza kukucinga ngombono apho okwenzayo kukufumana ezo nguqu zibalulekileyo zeziko eziyimfuneko ukuze abantu kwixa elizayo bakwazi ukumisela ikamva labo.
Isizathu sesithathu, kwaye esi sesona sizathu siphambili kwiinkalo ezininzi, kukuba xa uThatcher wathi 'Ayikho enye indlela' wayenomnwe wakhe kukubetha kwehlabathi. Wayengesosidenge. Wayesithi isizathu sokuba sihlale kulawulo kwaye wonke umntu ahlale ngaphantsi kungenxa yokuba abacingi ukuba kukho enye indlela. Emazantsi entliziyo abantu bacinga ukuba ayinakuphepheka. Bacinga ukulwa nentlupheko, imfazwe kunye ne-capitalism kufana nokulwa nokwaluphala, umhlaza okanye ubunzima. Ngumsebenzi wobudenge โ bubudenge nje. Ke abantu abakwenzi kwaye endaweni yoko bazama ukuzikhathalela ngaphakathi kweemeko ezibolileyo esidibana nazo sonke. Ke umbono uyayiphelisa le nto kwaye inike ithemba, isikhokelo kunye nokubala ukugxeka.
PN: Luthini uvavanyo lwakho malunga nendlela amatsha-ntliziyo aqhubela phambili abandakanyeka ngayo kwimibuzo yombono kunye neqhinga kubomi bakho?
MA: Ibibuhlungu. Senze iitoni zokuhlalutya ukuba yintoni engalunganga kwaye sicacisa indlela i-capitalism, i-patriarchy kunye nobuhlanga buhlungu. Siyenza ngendlela enye, kwaye emva koko siyenze ngokwahlukileyo kancinci kwaye siqhubeke siyenza le. Wonke umntu uyayazi le nto. Into abangayaziyo kukuba sifuna ntoni kwaye siyifumana njani. Isixa esisenzayo sincinci xa sithelekisa.
PN: Yintoni engalunganga ngongxowankulu?
MA: Ubungxowankulu bubusela. Ubungxowankulu bukubulala. Ubungxowankulu bubuhlwempu. Ubungxowankulu yindlala. Ubungxowankulu sisidima. La mabinzana ayinyani. Kuvakala ngathi i-rhetoric ngokungabikho kwenye indlela, kodwa inyaniso kukuba ziyinyani. Amashumi ezigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela babulawa yindlala kunye nezifo ezinokuthintelwa minyaka le โ kukubulala oko. E-US kukho abantu abazizigidi ezingama-30 abahlala ngaphantsi kwentlupheko. Zizigidi ezisixhenxe amagumbi ehotele angenanto ubusuku ngabunye kwaye kukho izigidi ezisixhenxe zabantu abahlala phantsi kweebhulorho nangaphandle kweebhokisi ngenxa yokuba bengenamakhaya. Amanani afanayo yinto nje eyenzeka ngokungalindelekanga kodwa iyamangalisa. Ngoku cinga ngabantu abangcono kunabo banemisebenzi. Xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo banobutyebi bezinto eziphathekayo. Kodwa abanasidima okanye abakwazi ukulawula ubomi babo. Basebenza ngokuthobela kunye nokunyamezela ukukruquka. Nokuba ujonge phezulu eluntwini ziimpuku eziphumelele ugqatso. Eyona nto imbi kakhulu le nkqubo iyoyikeka, ngeyona ndlela iyona yoyikekayo. Abantu abazizityebi benza ukuba ookumkani nookumkanikazi bamandulo babonakale njengamahlwempu.
PN: Ngaba ungashwankathela umbono wakho weParecon?
MA: I-Economics yoThatho-nxaxheba yenye indlela yongxowankulu nento ebizwa ngokuba yi-cently planning socialism. Ayinazo izinto ezininzi kuba umbono kukwenza imephu nje iimpawu ezibalulekileyo eziza kuvumela abasebenzi kunye nabathengi bexesha elizayo ukuba balawule ubomi babo.
Ithi abantu bexesha elizayo baya kuthatha isigqibo. Ngoko ke abasebenzi kunye nabathengi bafuna indawo apho banokuvakalisa khona izinto abazithandayo - amabhunga abasebenzi kunye nabathengi.
Iziko lesibini limalunga nendlela esenza ngayo ezi zigqibo. Ngaba umntu omnye unelizwi okanye yidemokhrasi apho wonke umntu enevoti kwaye uninzi lulawula? Ngaba kukuvumelana? Akukho nanye kwezi. Kukuzilawula, intsingiselo kwisigqibo ngasinye, xa sithetha nje, kufuneka sonke sibe nelizwi ngokuhambelana nesiphumo esinaso kuthi. Ngoko ngamanye amaxesha yidemokhrasi leyo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ukuba elinye icandelo lovoto lichaphazeleka ngakumbi bayakufumana ukutsho okungakumbi.
Bafumana umvuzo ongakanani abantu? Ukuba iyantlukwano kwisabelo semveliso yentlalo inkulu ngoko awuyi kuba noluntu olulungileyo. Ngoko yintoni efanele ibe yinto eqhelekileyo? Kulungile akufanele ufumane umvuzo ngenxa yepropathi, ngoko kufuneka uhambe. Kwinkqubo yemarike ufumana into onokuyithatha - amandla othethathethwano. Kodwa olo luqoqosho lwesigebenga. Kuthekani ngesiqhelo sobusoshiyali ukuba ubuyele ukuba oko unegalelo? Nam andiyithandi lento. Isizathu sokuba ndingayithandi le nto kukuba ivuza izinto ezininzi ekungafanelanga ukuba ivuze ngayo. Kuyandivuza ukuba ndinezixhobo ezingcono kunomfana olandelayo. Kuyavuzwa ukuba ndivelisa into exabiseke ngakumbi kunomfana olandelayo. Kuyandivuza ukuba ndisebenza nabantu abaphumelele ngakumbi.
Ndicinga ukuba kufuneka ufumane umvuzo ngexesha osebenza ngalo (ubude bexesha), malunga nokuba usebenza nzima kangakanani (ubunzima) kunye nokuba zinzima kangakanani iimeko osebenza phantsi kwazo (ukusebenza nzima), okoko nje usenza umsebenzi oxatyiswayo ekuhlaleni. Awunako ukugrumba imingxuma nje. Oko kuchasene nale sinayo ngoku. Ngoku okukhona usebenza kancinane, kokukhona usebenza kancinci kwaye kokukhona usiba mnandi ngakumbi iimeko zakho zokusebenza kokukhona ufumana ngakumbi. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba amandla akho okuxoxisana akufumana ezo meko kwaye akufumana umvuzo ongakumbi.
Ke, kuya kufuneka ukhuphe iyantlukwano phakathi kwabaphathi, amagqwetha, oogqirha kunye neenjineli kunye naye wonke umntu. Asikuko ukuba bakrelekrele ngokwemfuza. Asikuko ukuba bafaneleke ngakumbi. Asikuko ukuba bakhuthele ngakumbi. Yimfumba yobuxoki yonke leyo. Okwenzekayo kukuba abasebenzi bayabethwa โ yiya kumamela iQhawe leKlasi yokuSebenza kaJohn Lennon โ kwaye udidi lomnxibelelanisi luya kuphakanyiswa kwaye luzithembe. Indlela yokujongana nale nto kukusabalalisa kwakhona into enika le klasi yomququzeleli isikhundla sayo esiphezulu - umsebenzi wokuxhobisa. Ngoko ke nika wonke umntu umxube womsebenzi oxhobisayo nowonga amandla - umsebenzi olungeleleneyo olungeleleneyo - ukuze upheliswe loo mahluko.
Into yokugqibela kukuba awukwazi ukuba neemarike okanye ucwangciso oluphakathi. Enye yezi iza kuguqula izinto ezingasentla. Ukuba unamabhunga abasebenzi, ukubala ngokulinganayo kunye nezakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilungeleleneyo, iimpembelelo zokhuphiswano lwemarike ziya kujongela phantsi impumelelo yakho kwaye ungenise kwakhona yonke i-crap endala. Ngoko ke kufuneka utshintshe iimarike kunye nesicwangciso esisembindini kunye nesicwangciso sokuthatha inxaxheba - indlela entsha yokwenza ulwabiwo. Oku kuthintela iziko okanye phezulu, ukuzilawula, intsebenziswano yayo, inika wonke umntu ithuba lokuthetha kwaye ifike kuqingqo-maxabiso oluchanekileyo lwezinto kuqoqosho oluthathela ingqalelo iziphumo zalo zendalo, zentlalo kunye nezomntu, ezingayenziyo iimarike.
PN: Ngaba kukho nawaphi na amazwe apho iParecon, okanye uhlobo lweParecon, luthe lwaziswa ngempumelelo?
MA: Ukuba bekukho ilizwe elinoqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba ngekunganyanzelekanga ukuba ubuze umbuzo. Wonke umntu uyayazi, hayi kancinci kuba iUnited States iya kuzama ukuyibeka ebhokisini. Kodwa ngaba kukho amazwe enza izinto ezifanayo noqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba okanye abandakanyeka kwinkqubo enokukhokelela ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwezoqoqosho? Ewe. IVenezuela neBolivia benza izinto ezininzi umntu anokuthi azenze njengenxalenye yeprojekthi okanye umzabalazo wokuvelisa olu hlobo loluntu.
PN: Ziziphi iimpembelelo zeParecon kutshintsho lwangaphakathi lwemibutho enenkqubela esebenzayo namhlanje?
MA: Asikasifundi isifundo 'sokutyala imbewu yekamva kwixesha langoku'. Ukuba i-balanced job complexes yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yekamva ngoko ke umsebenzi waseKhohlo ngoku kufuneka ube nezakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilungeleleneyo kunye nokuzilawula. Kwakhona, kukho ukuthambekela kwendalo kwabo baphezulu ukuba bazive ngathi bantliziyo yentshukumo kwaye ubuqili kunye nobuchule babo bubalulekile. Kwaye bayayikhusela, kwaye baziva beyikhusela ngokweminqweno yoluntu. Ke abayithandi iParecon okanye umbono wokuba iParecon ikhule kwaye ibe namandla. Kuba ukuba oko kuya kuthetha ukuba imibutho yabo kuya kufuneka ihlengahlengiswe.
Kuyafana naxa abasetyhini besilwa ucalucalulo ngokwesini kwaye bephumelela idabi lokubandakanya imbewu yekamva ngoku - iKhohlo akufuneki likhethe ngokwesini. Kwafuneka silungise iintshukumo zethu. Asikayenzi ngokugqibeleleyo, kodwa bekufuneka siyenze.
Ukuba ujonga inani lodliwano-ndlebe okanye uphononongo endilwenzileyo kwiParecon, kukho ulungelelwaniso olunomdla. Akukho nanye kwisiqhelo kwaye ngasekhohlo yimibutho esebenzisanayo kuphela, i-anarchistic ngakumbi, enika ukubonakala kweParecon. Imibutho yaKhohlo emikhulu? Akukho nto, akukho nqaku elinye. Abayi kugxeka, abasayi kuxoxa kwaye abayi kuphawula.
PN: Uphendula uthini kwabo bathi iParecon soze isebenze kuba ayihoyi indalo yethu esizicingela ngayo nokubawa?
MA: Ndithetha into ethi 'Cinga ngomntu omnye omaziyo onganyolukiyo okanye ozicingelayo'. Loo mntu yingxoxo engcono yendalo yomntu ehambelana noluntu olulungileyo kune-100 yezigidi ezibawa i-slugs yingxoxo yendalo yomntu engekho. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba zonke iziko lidala i-slugs ebawa. Onke amaziko avelisa i-myopic, ukunyoluka okuqhutywa. Kuphela kukuthambekela kwethu ekubeni nobuntu okuchasayo kwaye kusithintele ekubeni singoyiki ngokwenene.
Nokuba ukhule kuluntu lwethu ungumntu onenkathalo, nonovelwano, xa ungena kuqoqosho uya kuphumelela kuphela xa ungumntu ochasene nentlalontle. Uya kusilela ukuba uhlala unovelwano ngokwenene kwaye unenkathalo. Kuba ukuba unovelwano ngokwenene kwaye unenkathalo yokwenene uya kuhlala uxhalabile ngabantu ababulawa yindlala nokuba umsebenzi wakho unegalelo njani ekubandezelekeni kwabantu. Kodwa ukuba uyakwazi ukuyisusa ingqondo yakho kuyo yonke loo nto kwaye ungakhathali ngabantu obabhuqayo ke ulungile โ inkunkuma iyanyuka. KwiParecon kuchasene. Ukuba ukhula ube ngumntu ohahayo kwaye ungene kuqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba, ukuya phambili kufuneka ube nentlalontle kunye nenkxalabo malunga nentlalontle yabanye. Umanyano luveliswa yiParecon. Ukuchasana noluntu kuveliswa bubungxowankulu.
PN: Yintoni ekugcina ukhuthazekile emva kweminyaka engaphaya kwamashumi amane njengetshantliziyo elibukhali?
MA: Ndifuna ukuphumelela. Andikho kulento yokuba ndikwazi ukuzijonga espilini. Andikho kule nto yokulwa umlo omhle ndize ndoyiswe. Ndifuna ukuphumelela. Andisiboni esinye isizathu sokwenza oku. NgendandiyiFiziksi. Kulapho ndilunge khona. Yiloo nto endandiya kuyenza ukuba ndandiphila kwindawo elungileyo. Kodwa xa ndilaqaza ndisesikolweni andakwazi ukuqhubeka njengoko yonke into ibimanyumnyezi. Ngoko ndatshintsha ndaza ndaya kulwa nemfazwe. Kwaye ndatshiswa ngoko, kwaye ndisavutha ngoku, ngokufuna uluntu olwahlukileyo. Ndifuna ukunceda ukuyidala. Ndifuna ukufaka isandla kuyo.
*U-Ian Sinclair ngumbhali ozimeleyo ozinze eLondon, e-UK. [imeyile ikhuselwe].
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