Umthombo: Inyaniso
ENew York, NY: Ikomiti yoQuquzelelo yaBafundi abaphumeleleyo ivoti yokugwayimba indibano e-NYU Gould Plaza
Ifoto ngu lev radin/Shutterstock
KwiYunivesithi yaseMelika, igxininise kwindlela yokuziphatha yokuphatha, iye yanda yaba lishishini leenkampani ngokuzenza ngathi ligosa elikrelekrele. Ukungeniswa kwezinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka kwenkunzi kulawulo lweekholeji, oluqhubekayo ukususela ekuqaleni kwexesha leniyoliberal, kuye kwakhuthaza ukwalela amaxabiso emfundo kunye nokulinywa kwabasebenzi abanobungozi, nto leyo ebeka uninzi lwabo benza owona msebenzi wokufunda kuxinzelelo olunganyamezelekiyo.
Nazi ezinye iinyani, eziphawulwe kakhulu, ukuba nangona kunjalo ziphindaphinda: Ityala lomfundi wase-US lifikile. ubukhulu obungacingelekiyo. Nkqu nemfundo enomsila akusisiqinisekiso sokhuseleko lwemali lwexesha elizayo; kwabo banqwenela ukuba ngabafundi abanethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo lokufumana nawuphi na umsebenzi konke konke, la mathemba angaphezulu kakhulu okuba babe ngabancedisi okanye babe ngabafundi ababambekayo - uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nomvuzo ophantsi. Iimbono zothando kwiziko lemfundo zikholelwa kwiimeko ezimfiliba ezinyanyezelwa sisixa sabafundi bokwenyani. Kwabaninzi, ukuhlala kulithemba elimfiliba.
Abafundi abaninzi abanezidanga bazifumanisa bebambeke phakathi kwale miba mininzi: besindwa ngamatyala omfundi adlulileyo, umvuzo umvuzo wokuphila ngaphantsi kumsebenzi wabo wangoku kwaye bajongene namathuba anciphayo ekamva. Iidyunivesithi zikhule ngokuthembela kakhulu kubafundi abathweswe izidanga kunye nolunye ubuhlakani obunokubakho ukuze kugcinwe iqela labasebenzi abanexabiso eliphantsi. Kodwa ukunyuka komsebenzi woququzelelo kulo nyaka uphelileyo kubonisa ukuba abafundi abaphumeleleyo baye bazimisela ukuthatha inxaxheba ehlangeneyo ngokuchasene nokuqina kunye neemeko ezingenakukwazi ukuphazamisa amava emfundo e-US.
IYunivesithi yaseColumbia yabucala yaseNew York ibisoloko iphambili kwezi zinto ziguqukayo. Apho, abaSebenzi baBafundi base-Columbia, abaSebenzi be-Auto Auto (i-SWC-UAW) i-Local 2110 babandakanyeka kuqhankqalazo oluqhubekayo - okwesine ukususela ekusekweni kwe-2016 yombutho - ngoku iyolula. kwiveki yayo yesithandathu, iziphumlisi ngu ipiki inyathelo nge-8 kaDisemba elifuna ukuphinda amabango emanyano. Iinyanga zothethathethwano neyunivesiti zivelise okuncinci ngaphaya isivumelwano esiphantsi, ekugqibeleni yaliwe ngumanyano, kunye nengxabano eyandayo.
Ukulungiselela kwiYunivesithi eNtsha
Ngalo lonke ixesha elide lolamlo, abaququzeleli be-SWC-UAW bebesoloko besilwa nokungathobeli ulawulo oluqikelelweyo kunye iindawo ezichasene nomanyano. I-2110 yendawo isungulwe izenzo ezimbini ezilandelelanayo ngo-2021: i isiteyathelo sokuqala, ngo-Matshi, enenjongo yokujongana neemeko zokusebenza, yahlangatyezwa ngumkhenkce ekunyuseni, kwintoni abaququzeleli beemanyano abaqinisekisa ngayo ukuziphindezela okucacileyo. Emva kokufaka ezimbini Iintlawulo ze-unfair labour practice (ULP). kunye neBhodi yeSizwe yoBudlelwane bezaBasebenzi (i-NLRB), i-arhente karhulumente enyanzelisa umthetho wezabasebenzi wase-US, imanyano yasungula uqhankqalazo lwangoku, ngesiseko se-ULPs kunye nokuphinda baqinisekise iinkxalabo zabo zoqoqosho. Ulawulo lwayalela eli nyathelo likhuselweyo ngokusemthethweni kunye nembuyekezo engakumbi - ngeli xesha, izoyikiso zokudutyulwa ngokungekho mthethweni - abaququzeleli abaphendule ngokukhawuleza kunye nesithathu ULP.
Izikhundla zokufundisa zabafundi abaphumeleleyo, nangona umsebenzi wabo omde kunye nowona mvuzo uphantsi womvuzo, kudala zithathwa njengenyhweba kubafundi abanetalente, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kufuneka bazamkele iimeko zabo ngombulelo ongazenzisiyo.
Oku kuvolontiya kuphuma ngokuyinxenye kulawulo lwase-Columbia lokungafuni ukugweba uhlengahlengiso lwemivuzo oluya kugcina abasebenzi babo ababalulekileyo. Ukwala kwabo ukuzibhubhisa kuyaqhubeka, nangona i-Columbia ihleli kwi-endowment engaphezu kwe-14 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Eso sixa asiyonto ingaqhelekanga kwizikolo zabucala eziphezulu - iHarvard yi-$40 yeebhiliyoni; Yale, Stanford, Princeton kunye nezinye iiyunivesithi ezibekekileyo zonke ziqhayisa ngezipho ezisukela kumashumi eebhiliyoni, kwaye zityale ukuze zibe nengeniso enkulu. Imbuyekezo yotyalo-mali yase-Columbia kunyaka ophelileyo yayi emangalisayo engama-32 ekhulwini.
UYale noStanford, nangona kunjalo, bahlawula kakuhle abafundi babo abaphumeleleyo. Uncwadi oluthelekisayo Ph.D. umfundi uDennis Hogan uye uququzelela kunye Brown University of American Federation of Teachers-affiliated union, i Graduate Labour Organisation (GLO-AFT), ukususela ngo-2015. Kuze kube ngoNovemba, wayengumlawuli wezopolitiko onyuliweyo kwibhodi yakhe yokuqala. โIzikolo zabucala,โ utshilo uHogan kwi-imeyile Thunti, โingakumbi abo baneziphiwo ezinkulu, kwiimeko ezininzi baye babonakala bekulungele ukunika imivuzo nonyuso lweebhenefithi njengelinge lokuphelisa isoyikiso somanyano okanye uthethathethwano lomanyano.โ
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nangona kunjalo, iColumbia iyalile indlela yokulalanisa. Ubunzulu bengxowa yesikolo buvelisa umahluko ongathandekiyo: Abafundi abathweswe izidanga bathi bayahlawulwa kancinci njenge $29,000 ngonyaka. I-SWC-UAW iyazazela i-$45,000 yomgangatho womvuzo kunye ne-3 yepesenti yonyuso lonyaka, kunye nobuncinane be-$26 ngeyure kubasebenzi beyure, ukusuka kwi-15 yangoku yeedola. Iimfuno zabo ezongezelelweyo (ubonelelo lwezempilo olungcono, kubandakanywa umbono kunye namazinyo, kunye ukulamla okungathathi hlangothi kumatyala okuxhatshazwa nocalucalulo) azikho iinkxalabo ezincinci: Ukhuseleko olungonelanga kunye nokungalingani kwamandla ekuphatheni kakubi ukuziphatha imiba yenkqubo e-Columbia nakwezinye iindawo, kunye nokwalelwa ukhathalelo lwempilo ibeka abafundi emngciphekweni ngokuthe ngqo.
Thunti uthethe ne-sociology kunyaka wesibini Ph.D. umfundi kunye nelungu le-SWC-UAW u-Jonathan Ben-Menachem, osebenzayo kumaqela asebenzayo eendleko zokuphila kunye nonxibelelwano lombutho. โAsiceli ntlawulo efikelela kwinqanaba leendleko zokuhlala kwisiXeko saseNew York,โ utshilo - leyo, ngokuqinisekileyo, yenye yezona ndawo zixabisa kakhulu ukuhlala eUnited States.
Ngokuka-Ben-Menachem, iinkxalabo zombutho ziye zaphathwa kakubi ngabalawuli ngexesha lenkqubo yolamlo. Ukususela ngo-2016, i-Columbia nayo ibone kufanelekile ukuhlawula $ 1,500 ngeyure kwigqwetha UBernard Plum wenkampani iProskauer Rose, ngubani imele The New York Times, Disney, Pacific Gas & Electric kunye nezinye iinkampani ezinkulu kwi-anti-union litigation.
Izicelo zasekuhlaleni zika-2110 ziye zaphinda zaxhaswa ngabaxhasi phakathi kwabafundi ababambeleyo IsiNgesi kwaye amasebe efilosofi, phakathi kwabanye, ngokunjalo Ummeli waseNew York uJerry Nadler (kwaye umlandeli wabasebenzi othembekileyo uDanny DeVito). UBen-Menachem wachaza โindibano yabefundisi apho oonjingalwazi abagqwesileyo baphuma baza bagxininisa indlela izinto esizifunayo nezisengqiqweni ngayo.โ Nangona kunjalo, izindululo zeSWC-UAW ziye zaliwa kakhulu ngabalawuli; xa umva uye waphendula, kuye kwaba kunye ne-lowball inikeza.
Ezi ngxwabangxwaba e-Columbia zenzeke ngempazamo yokungcungcuthekiswa, ukuthotywa kwabasebenzi bezemfundo kunye nokwanda kwentshukumo yendibaniselwano. Iipateni ezifanayo zifumaneka kuzo zonke izifundiswa. KwiYunivesithi yaseNew York IKomiti yoQuquzelelo yaBafundi abanezidanga (GSOC) uye kugwayimbo ngentwasahlobo ka-2021, nokufuna ukuphuculwa kwentlawulo kunye nezibonelelo, kunye nokuthintela abaphathi ekufowuneni kwiSebe lePolisa lesiXeko saseNew York ngeziganeko ezincinci. Olo qhankqalazo kubangele isivumelwano ezifane ngokusondeleyo neenjongo Columbia: a $26 ngeyure ubuncinane umvuzo kunye kufutshane-epheleleyo inshorensi yezempilo, kunye nezinye impumelelo.
Ngo-Okthobha, i-Harvard Graduate Students Union (HGSU), ekwamelwe yi-UAW, yasungulwa. ugwayimbo lweentsuku ezintathu kwiziko labo, isenzo sesibini kwiminyaka emibini. Olunye ugwayimbo yathintelwa xa kwafikelelwa kwisivumelwano esingesosigxina emva kweenyanga ezisibhozo zothethathethwano. Ekuboniseni ubumbano, amalungu e-GSOC kunye ne-HGSU ajoyine abafundi base-Columbia kwi-picket line ngoLwesithathu odlulileyo, njengoko benzayo abameli be-GLO-AFT yeYunivesithi yaseBrown.
URithika Ramamurthy ngumongameli weGLO-AFT. โAbasebenzi abaphumelele izidanga emva kuka-2008 bebesoloko bejongana nentengiso yemisebenzi enciphayo kunye nemeko yobunzima edalwa ziiyunivesithi ngokwazo,โ utshilo. Inyaniso. โKodwa abasebenzi begrad baya bekhula ngendlela efanayo nabasebenzi abaninzi ngoku. Ngoba, abafundi abaninzi bayazibuza, Ngaba kufuneka ndenze umvuzo wentlupheko okanye ndingabi nankathalo yamazinyo xa umqeshi wam ekwazi ukuqesha umqeqeshi webhola ekhatywayo kunye nomvuzo we-dollar yesigidi, okanye ngaba ukubuyisela irekhodi kwi-investment yabo?"
Abancedisi bootitshala abathweswe izidanga kunye noonjingalwazi abancedisayo bahlala befaneleka njengabasebenzi abahluphekayo, abahlala phantsi okanye ngaphantsi komgca wentlupheko.
Abafundi abathweswe izidanga baye baluke imisonto emitsha yomanyano njengoko befikelela ekuqondeni ubume obubambekayo bemigudu yabo. Kuphela kungenyathelo elidityanisiweyo apho abafundi baye baphumelela impatho enobulungisa, yaye abo bakwezinye izikolo baye baqaphela oko. Kwiziphelo ezifanayo, imizabalazo efanayo ziye zahlawulwa kulo nyaka ngu Abasebenzi abathweswe izidanga abaQuquzelela iNtsebenziswano kwiYunivesithi yaseColorado State. NgoDisemba 16, abafundi beMIT yachaza injongo yabo ukwenza umanyano, abacele isikolo ukuba siwuthathele ingqalelo ngokuzithandela. NgoMeyi, uninzi lwabafundi abangama-17,000 beYunivesithi yaseCalifornia Abafundi Abaphandi baManyene bavotela umanyano, kwaye babe Iwonga elinikezelweyo ekuqaleni kukaDisemba. Kwaye kunyaka ophelileyo, i-GLO-AFT eBrown, apho uRamamurthy noHogan baququzelela khona, baphumelele abafundi abaphumeleleyo. ikhontrakthi yomanyano eyimpumelelo, ukukhusela imisebenzi, iimali ze-COVID kunye nenkqubo yezikhalazo ezimeleyo - kwaye kwinkqubo, ukukhokela iinzame zomanyano kwi-Ivy League.
Ukuphangwa kweMfundo ePhakamileyo
Eyona nto iphambili kule milo idityanisiweyo yindlela ekhohlakeleyo nepheleleyo: ukudityaniswa kweyunivesiti. Iimbono ezinqwenelekayo zezifundiswa ziye zanceda ekusitheleni inyaniso yokuba umsebenzi wezemfundo, ukufundisa kunye nophando, ngumsebenzi ofana nawo nawuphi na omnye, nokuba wenziwa ngoonjingalwazi abaqeshiweyo okanye abafundi abanezidanga. Nangona kunjalo izikhundla zokufundisa zabafundi abaphumeleleyo, nangona umsebenzi wabo omde kunye nowona mvuzo uphantsi womvuzo, kudala uthatyathwe njengelungelo labafundi abanetalente, oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka bamkele iimeko zabo ngombulelo ongazenzisiyo. Kodwa indima yomncedisi wokufundisa iye yavela kude kuleyo yomfundi okhethelwe ukulima ngobukrelekrele - ngoku sele esetyenzisiwe njengequla labasebenzi elibalulekileyo, esebenza ngokufanelekileyo njengamaxesha okufunda, kwaye efumana imbuyekezo encinci. Kwintetho ka-2014 kumanyano oludibeneyo, UNoam Chomsky wachaza ukuba njani ukuthembela kwizincedisi kunye nabafundi bebanga leshumi "yinxalenye yemodeli yoshishino eyilelwe ukunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi kunye nokunyusa izinga labasebenzi" - abasebenzi abagcinwe "bexabiso eliphantsi kwaye basesichengeni."
Iintsomi "zobomi bengqondo," eziluncedo ekufakeni izimo zengqondo zokuzincama phakathi kwabasebenzi, ziyaqhubeka - kodwa ukuxhaphazwa, okungenakwenzeka ukuba kungahoywa, kudale utshintsho kwingqondo. โUkuqaphela ukungakwazi kwakho ukulawula umsebenzi wakho kunye neemeko zawo yinxalenye ephambili ekusebenzeni ukuwutshintsha kunye nabanye,โ utshilo uRamamurthy. โNantso ke into edala ubumbano phakathi kwabafundi kumaziko emfundo. Sonke siphila emva kwezigqibo ezenziwa ngabantu abaphanga imfundo ephakamileyo.โ
Nokuba loluphi na udumo abalunikezela kubizo lwabo, inyaniso eyothusayo kukuba abancedisi bokufundisa abanezidanga kunye neenjingalwazi ezincedisayo bahlala befaneleka. njengabasebenza nzima, abahlala phantsi okanye phantsi komlinganiselo wobuhlwempu. "[T] iimeko ... sele zisiba mandundu kangangexesha elithile," utshilo uHogan. "Ngenene akusekho inkuthazo enikwa abo babeke iintloko zabo phantsi kwaye bangabangeli nkathazo, ubuncinci hayi nangaliphi na inqanaba lenkqubo." Ukutshintsha kokuzibona kwabafundi abaphumeleleyo - ukuzijonga, ngokunyukayo, njengabasebenzi - kulungiselele umhlaba wokulungiselela.
โIyunivesiti ityale imali ngokupheleleyo kuwe ukholelwa kuluvo lokuba, okokuqala, ungumntu ofumana imfundoโฆ
Ukutshintsha kokuzibona kwabafundi abaphumeleleyo - ukuzijonga, ngokunyukayo, njengabasebenzi - kulungiselele umhlaba wokulungiselela.
Iiyunivesithi zijongela phantsi kuphela umgangatho, iyantlukwano, kunye nozinzo lwemisebenzi yazo engundoqo ngokwala nokuhlawula umvuzo ofanelekileyo kubasebenzi abenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo wokufundisa nophando. Intlawulo eyiyo kubafundisi-ntsapho kunye nezincedisi ikwangumba wokulingana ngokobuhlanga nesini - umvuzo ophilayo uvumela abafundi abanezibonelelo ezimbalwa zeentsapho, ngokufuthi ezo zezazisi ezingakhathalelwanga, ukuba balandele iindlela ezifanayo ekudala zifumaneka kwabo banelungelo.
Ukanti eColumbia nakwezinye iindawo, utsho uBen-Menachem, nokuba bekukho umvuzo wokuziphilisa, โBesingaqinisekanga. Abantu baqubha kwityala labafundi abangekabinazidanga.โ Amaxabiso emfundo yamabanga aphantsi e-Columbia a abanye abaphezulu esizweni, kwaye iindleko zeeyunivesithi kwilizwe lonke ziye zanda. Ukucuthwa kwenkxaso-mali karhulumente ziye zanceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba oku kunjalo nakwiiyunivesithi zikarhulumente. Phakathi kwe-1985 kunye ne-2017, ixabiso eliphakathi Imfundo yokufunda kwikholeji yeminyaka emine eUnited States inyuke ngama-497 ekhulwini. Ngokuhambelanayo, i-avareji yamatyala omfundi iye yaphinda yaphindwa kathathu ukususela ngowe-1970; ukusukela ngo-2003, ubungakanani betyala lemali-mboleko yomfundi lilonke likhule ngama-602 ekhulwini. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani ze-Education Data Initiative, ityala lomntu ngamnye, phakathi kwe-43.2 yezigidi zabafundi, ngoku i-avareji ye-$ 39,351.
Olu hlaselo lwe-pincer of precarity - amatyala abyssal kunye ne-abysmal pay - ilandelelwa kumalungelo eemodeli zolawulo lweshishini olwamkelwe ziiyunivesithi. I-Corpotism iye yangena kwiziko ebelikade liyinto efikelelekayo okanye efikelelekayo eluntwini, nelibonelela ngamakhondo omsebenzi asebenzayo. Elo lungiselelo liye lawa.
Emva kokuphumelela isidanga esiphakamileyo, imbonakalo yabo baza kuba zizifundiswa ayiphucuki. Yinyani kwifomu yeshishini, Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokufundisa luye lwacuthwa ngokuqhubekayo (okanye, kwi-euphemism, iphantsi kwe "ukubekwa phambili kwezemfundo") kuchaphazeleke kakhulu uluntu. Ngokutsho kweNew Faculty Majority, umbutho oncedisayo, abasebenzi "abancinci". -abahlohli abangahlaliyo, abancedisi bexeshana kunye nabancedisi bokufundisa abanezidanga - ngoku benza iikota ezintathu zeFaculty yekholeji.
Ingxelo ka-2016 evela kuMbutho waseMerika weeNjingalwazi zeYunivesithi yafumanisa ukuba "ilungu eliqhelekileyo lexesha elithile le-faculty lifumana i-$ 16,718" kumqeshi omnye, ngokunyanzela amaqabane ukuba asebenze kwizikolo ezininzi, okanye athathe imisebenzi emininzi. "Phantse ikota enye ye-adjunct faculty ixhomekeke kuncedo lukarhulumente, kwaye i-40 pesenti iyasokola ukuhlawula iindleko ezisisiseko zekhaya," Ngaphakathi ku-Ed Ed umbiko. Ukuthembela ngokugqithisileyo kolu lwazi ukugcina iindleko zabasebenzi ziphantsi kuvelise udidi oluphantsi lwezemfundo. Njengoko uMalcolm Harris wabhala kwincwadi yakhe ye-2017, Abantwana kwezi ntsuku: UbuNkunzi boLuntu kunye nokwenza iiMillennials, โAbafundi abaphumeleleyo bamelwe kakhulu phakathi kolu didi lutsha lootitshala luyingozi; benamatyala amaninzi akhoyo kubo, iidyunivesithi zinokubanyanzela ukuba barhole ngobudlelwane bobuncinci bomvuzo, nto leyo eyenza abafundi begrad babe ngumthombo omkhulu wokufundisa ngexabiso eliphantsi. "
Abasebenzi "abancinci" ngoku benza iikota ezintathu zekholeji.
Ukunyuka kwamatyala omfundi kunye nomvuzo ophantsi wezifundo luxinzelelo olwaziwayo. Mhlawumbi eqondwa kancinci kukuba ingeniso evela kumandla amabini okufunda kunye nokunciphisa inkcitho yokufundisa ihlala isiya enyusa ngakumbi irenki esele zidumbile yabalawuli: inkqubo yolawulo lwegunya labaphathi abazenzelayo abanemivuzo efana ngokusondeleyo naleyo yabalingane babo beshishini kunabo basebenza nabo kwifakhalthi. Ngokuhambelanayo, ukuzinikela kweengeniso "kwiinkonzo zabafundi" kuvumela ukwakhiwa kwezinto eziluncedo ezikhanyayo njengeendawo zokuzilolonga, amabala emidlalo, amaziko abafundi kunye nobunewunewu obahlukeneyo ezithe iikholeji zijike kuzo ngethemba lokutsala abafaki-zicelo okanye ukubuyisela isidima esingenawonga. Kuyo yonke le nto, iimeko zezimali ziba mandundu kubafundi nakunjingalwazi ngokufanayo.
Kodwa iziphumo zala maqhinga ziye zayinto engenakuphikiswa: Njengoko abaSebenzi baBafundi be-Columbia ilungu lombutho uRachel Himes wabhala nqaku Jacobin, "Ukuba abafundi abaphumeleleyo babonakala befana nabasebenzi, iidyunivesithi ezinkulu ezifana neColumbia ziya ziqondwa njengee-billionaire corporations."
Ukutshintshwa koMhlaba osemthethweni
Njengoko bezabalaza ekudibaneni kwezi meko, abafundi abathweswe izidanga baye bakhuthazwa ukuba baququzelele umsebenzi onzima kunye nomsebenzi wogwayimbo. Imibutho yabafundi abathweswe izidanga kwizikolo zikarhulumente inembali ebuyela emva ubuncinane be1969; ngeminyaka yee-1970 kwakhona yabona iinzame zakwangoko kwiiyunivesithi zabucala. Kodwa ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi, ukukhuselwa ngokusemthethweni komanyano kwizikolo zabucala kwakungavunyelwa ngumzekelo. Ngo-2004, ukulinganisa ukuba kuqinisekiswe iinzame zokuququzelela kwiYunivesithi yaseBrown, i-NLRB elawulwa yiRiphabhlikhi yagweba ukuba abafundi abaphumeleleyo babe ngabafundi kuphela - kungekhona abasebenzi - bebanqabela ilungelo elisemthethweni lokubamba unyulo lomanyano kunye ne-bargain ngokuhlangeneyo. Iiyunivesithi zakuvuyela ukuvuma. (Kuye kwakho into efanayo NLRB ngasemva-na-phambili kumbuzo wokuba ngaba izihlomelo "yayingabaphathi" kwaye ngenxa yoko abanako ukumanyanisa.)
Emva kwesigwebo sika-2004, abaququzeleli babafundi abanezidanga babengenayo enye indlela ngaphandle kokulandela ukuvunywa ngokuzithandela kwizikolo zabo, nto leyo engahoywa ngokulula. Ngaloo minyaka, iYunivesithi yaseNew York (okwesibini) yaba sisikolo sabucala kuphela kunye nabasebenzi abanezidanga ezimanyeneyo xa iKomiti eQuquzelelayo yabaFundi abaDanga iphumelele ukuwongwa ngo-2014. Kwakuphela ngo-2016, ekupheleni komsila wolawulo luka-Obama, ukuguqulwa kwesigqibo sikaBrown. kuvunyelwa ukukhutshwa kwezatifikethi zemibutho yabasebenzi kwizikolo zabucala; Ngokukhawuleza kwalandela ulungelelwaniso olomeleziweyo. Ukutshintshwa kweTrump NLRB engenabubele - leyo yayicebise ngo-2019 ukuba kwakhona declassify abafundi isidanga ukusuka iwonga lomsebenzi - yeyona inkulu umqhubi we-spate yakutshanje wokulungiselela umsebenzi. Biden's NLRB, yintoni yasirhoxisa isiphakamiso sika-2019, uthembisa ukuvumela, ubuncinci, indawo esemthethweni engenabutshaba.
Enyanisweni, ukuguqulwa kwe-NLRB okubalulekileyo ngo-2016 kwesigqibo sikaBrown kuxhomekeke kwisibongozo sesiqinisekiso esivela kwi-UAW Local 2110 yase-Columbia, eyayisaziwa ngokuba yi-Graduate Workers of Columbia University. Lo mbutho kudala ubambe indawo ephambili kumbutho wabafundi abanezidanga. Nakuloo minyaka inzima yokungenelela phakathi kuka-2004 no-2016, yayizinzame zabo ezizinzileyo, ngokuhambelanayo. uququzelela izinja kwezinye iiyunivesithi zabucala, oko kwanceda ukwakha uxinzelelo kwi-NLRB ukudiliza umqobo osemthethweni.
Ukusukela ngoko, i-Local 2110 yamkele abafundi abangekathweswa izidanga kwizikhundla zabo, baba ngaBafundi abaSebenzi base-Columbia (SWC-UAW). Ngoku ibala malunga nama-3,000 abafundi bazo zonke iintlobo kubulungu bayo. (Injongo yokuqaphela abancedisi bezifundo zabangekathweswa isidanga kuqala kukwandisa ubumbano, kodwa kwakhona kukunciphisa amandla esikolo okuqhubela phambili umsebenzi onzima ngokutshintshela umsebenzi kumabanga aphantsi ukuba abancedisi bokufundisa abaphumeleleyo baphumelele ukhuseleko olungcono.) Kunyaka ophelileyo, umfundi wase-Columbia ophumelele kunye nesidanga sokuqala. abafundi bema kunye kugwayimbo lokufunda oluyimbali olujolise ekuqhankqalazeni iimeko zokusebenza ezikhoyo, kunye nemiba yobulungisa bobuhlanga. Kodwa ayisiyiyo kuphela imeko yokuba ulawulo lwase-Columbia alunakushukunyiswa - izenzo zalo, bathi abaququzeleli be-SWC-UAW, baye banda kwimpindezelo engekho mthethweni, ekhokelela kwiintlawulo ze-ULP eziza kulungiswa kwi-NLRB.
Ukuhamba Nabalawuli
I-SWC-UAW Local 2110's ugwayimbo lwangaphambili ngoMatshi luphelile isivumelwano esiphantsi - leyo, nangona kunjalo, ekugqibeleni yaliwe ngamalungu emanyano. Ukunganeliseki kwesi sivumelwano kubangele ukuba ikomiti yothethathethwano irhoxe. Ngexesha lothethathethwano, iColumbia yakhalazela ukuba ubhubhani uyitshabalalisile imali yabo - kodwa "kwavela," utshilo uBen-Menachem, "i-Columbia ifumene i-3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kulo nyaka uphelileyo." Iyunivesiti yayithethe kakubi ngemeko yayo yezemali, yaza yafumana imvume ngokukhokela umbutho โukubonisana ngemigaqo engachananga.
Uququzelelo lwezabasebenzi lutshintsho lwabantu abasebenzayo - kwaye abafundi abaphumeleleyo kunye namahlakani abo phakathi kwefakhalthi kunye nequmrhu labafundi bazibonela ngokwabo amandla abo.
Kuvele umkhwa wokuziphatha ngendlela engafanelekanga. Ngexesha loqhankqalazo lwasentwasa hlobo, abalawuli banqanda ukunyuswa kwembuyekezo yepesenti ezi-3 kwimpindezelo. Emva koko, ehlotyeni, isikolo senze utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwintlawulo yabancedisi abaphumeleleyo, sisusa isixa-mali sesibonelelo. Ulungiselelo lwexesha elide lwe-stipend luye lwaqhubela phambili ngobuchule ingqiqo yokuba intlawulo yabathweswe isidanga sisipho, kunokuba ibe ngumvuzo ofanelekileyo - kodwa, oko kuthethiweyo, inike abaqhankqalazi inzuzo. UBen-Menachem uthi, ngokwenza ukuba wonke umntu arhole kabini ngeveki, iyunivesiti iye yasebenzisa โindlela yokohlwaya abagwayimbi nokuqinisekisa ukuba asihlawulwa. Ngaphambili besinayo isixa-mali, ngoko ke ukuba sikugwayimbo, abanakusihlutha umvuzo โฆ Kodwa ngenxa yokuba umvuzo wethu sele uphantsi, nangona kungekho lugwayimbo, abafundi bebesele bengene ematyaleni.โ
Ngokuhambelana nohlengahlengiso lwemivuzo, iyunivesithi yayifuna โubungqinaโ - okuthetha ukuba abasebenzi "kufuneka bathi, 'andibethi, bendisebenza,' ukuze barhole," uqhube watsho uBen-Menachem.. โUkubamba ubungqina yindlela umanyano olubonisa ngayo amandla alo. Iyunivesiti ibala ukuba bangaphi abantu abangqinayo okanye abangangqinayo xa bejonga ukuba luhlobo luni lweminyinyiva abafuna ukusinika yona. โ
Olona qhankqalazo lwakutsha nje, oluqhubeka ukususela nge-3 kaNovemba, lusabela kumvuzo ofanayo kunye neenkxalabo zezibonelelo, kodwa lusaqhubeka ngenxa yentlawulo yesenzo esingafanelekanga esinxulumene nokutshintsha kwemivuzo yasehlotyeni. Ekuqaleni kukaDisemba, umlawuli uthumele i-imeyile besoyikisa ngelithi abo bashiyeke kugwayimbo ngoDisemba 10 baza kuvinjwa izabelo zomsebenzi. Ukutshintshwa kwabaqhankqalazi kugwayimbo olungafanelekanga akukho mthethweni, kwaye, enyanisweni, kwenza enye i-ULP. Ulawulo lumi ngelithi ugwayimbo lolo loloqoqosho kuphela, kwaye ukutshintshwa kwalo kuvumelekile ke ngoko. I-SWC-UAW ifaka i-ULP yesithathu njengempendulo.
Ezinye izenzo zolawulo lokholo olubi zibandakanya "intshukumo" ethembisayo kwiminyinyiva, kuphela ukuzisa isivumelwano esakhatywa ngaphambili etafileni - emva koko i-provost yathumela i-imeyile kuyo yonke iyunivesiti ibanga ukungabi nangqiqo kwicala lomanyano. I-Columbia iphinde yakhaba isiphakamiso sokungacalucalulo kunye nokuxhatshazwa okwakuza kuvumela ukuba ukhetho lwabafundi lwabalamli benze uphononongo olungathathi hlangothi lweziphumo.
Konke oku kufikelele kuvuthondaba nge-8 kaDisemba, ethe yahlala inoxolo, nangona enye i-imeyile esasazwe ngokubanzi apho abalawuli babanga, ngokungenasiseko, ukuba isenzo sinobundlobongela. Emva kwesi senzo samva nje, isikolo unike umanyano isithembiso sekhontrakthi: ukunyuswa komvuzo ophantsi (okuthi, ukubalwa kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso, izixa-mali ekunciphiseni umvuzo), umvuzo omncinci we-$ 4 ophantsi kunye nezibonelelo zokunakekelwa kwabantwana zibuthathaka kunokuba ziceliwe, ukungabikho kombono kunye nokhuseleko lwamazinyo kubafundi be-Master's kunye nokugatywa kwe-arbitration engathathi hlangothi, ngokufanelekileyo. ukuvumela iyunivesiti ukuba iziphande ngocalucalulo kunye nempatho-mbi. Ngamanye amazwi, abalawuli banikezela ngezivumelwano ezingafanelekanga. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kubhalwa, ugwayimbo lweSWC-UAW luyaqhuba.
Lawulo ukungonakali kwaye ukuziphindezela is inqanaba lekhosi kulungiselelo lwekhampasi. Iidyunivesiti, ekuzameni ukuphazamisana nemibutho yabasebenzi, zineqela lamaqhinga ezinawo. Inyathelo elithembekileyo kukufuna amabango emanyano yabasebenzi, ukulibazisa de abachasi bombutho wabo baphumelele kwaye endaweni yabo kuthathwe isityalo esingenamava.
โInkumbulo yeziko kunye notshintsho ngokuqinisekileyo zizisongelo,โ utshilo uBen-Menachem. Iiyunivesithi zabucala zeziphiwo zikwabenza bakwazi ukulinda kude kuqhawuke uqhanqalazo okanye baqeshe abanye abasebenzi. Imibutho yabafundi inokohlulwa ngenkuthazo yokwaphula amaqhina omanyano ukuze kuzuze umntu ngamnye: Kukho iingcinezelo zokugcina ubudlelwane nabafundisi-ntsapho abanokubhala iileta zengcebiso okanye babe nempembelelo ngexesha lomsebenzi kabani.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuthembela ngokugqithisileyo kweidyunivesithi kubafundi abaphumelele izidanga kunye nezincedisi kudale ubuthathaka: Ukubaluleka kwabo ekusebenzeni kwesikolo kubanika amandla. Izintlu ezahlukeneyo zabasebenzi kwiyunivesiti yanamhlanje - i-tenured faculty, i-tenure-track, i-contingent okanye i-adjunct, abancedisi bokufundisa abafundi abaphumelele, ii-postdocs, izidanga- benza ulungelelwaniso oluthile lobuchule. Amanye amahlakani ombutho phakathi kwe-faculty akhuselwe yi-tenure, ngelixa abafundi bephethe amandla njengabathengi abahlawulayo, njengoko abafundi base-Columbia bebonise ngogwayimbo lwabo lokufunda. Abafundi abaphantsi kwesidanga kunye neFaculty banako ukwala ukusebenza njengabasebenzi abatshintshwayo, njengoko abalawuli bekhawuleza ukujikela kubo xa abafundi abaphumeleleyo bebamba umsebenzi wabo. Abafundi abanovelwano banokubonisa umanyano ngokuba nomonde ngokulibaziseka kumabanga nakwiiklasi; abaninzi e-Columbia baye bakwenza oko, ngenxa yokuqonda ukuba yiyunivesithi enyanzelisa lo mba. Abafundi abangekathweswa izidanga kunye namaqela abafundi afana ne-Columbia's GS (Gay Straight) Alliance baye bancedisa ekuqokeleleni imali kunye nenkxaso ephawulweyo. Iindlela ezinokubakho zomanyano zikwakho nezinye iinkonzo zaseyunivesithi kunye nabasebenzi bakanobhala.
AbaSebenzi baBafundi base-Columbia babambene nomlo onzima: Nantoni na ezuzwayo umanyano lwase-Columbia ekwaziyo ukuyiphumelela iya kujongwa njengomzekelo ngezinye iinzame zekhampasi, kwaye isisombululo se-NLRB seentlawulo ze-ULP sinokumisela umzekelo obalulekileyo, utsho uBen- UMenachem: โIsigqibo esingathandekiyo sase-Columbia siya kuba neziphumo ezihle nezimbi kakhulu kubasebenzi abaphumelele isidanga-ukuba sinokuzimisela okungathandekiyo, kunokuphumela kuwo wonke omnye umthetho. Siyazi ukuba isivumelwano sethu sichaphazela wonke umntu.โ
Ulawulo lweYunivesithi yase-Columbia luqhagamshelwe ukuba lunike izimvo kwiimpendulo zamabango enziwe ngabafundi base-Columbia kweli nqaku kodwa abazange baphendule ngexesha lokushicilela.
Imibono yeZifundo eziNgcono
Ukuba iidyunivesiti ziyaqhubeka nokuguquka zibe ngamashishini afuna inzuzo, abalawuli kufuneka balindele ukuchasana kuya kuba bukhali. Utshintsho luze ngeendleko zabasebenzi abaziinjini zamaziko abo, kwaye ukuxhathisa kwabo kuya kunyuka kuphela. Kwabaninzi, abamfameki beengcamango baye bawa. Iyunivesiti ehlanganisiweyo yile: iqumrhu, nangona kunjalo ligutyungelwe ziintetho ezipeyinta izikolo njengabagcini abangcwele bemveliso yengqondo.
Ukuhlengahlengisa iikholeji ngokubhekiselele kwi-egalitarian pedagogy, endaweni yotshintshiselwano lwentengiselwano kunye nokwakhiwa kobume, kuya kufuna ukushenxa kukhuphiswano olutshabalalisayo, ukuba yedwa kunye neengqiqo zentengiso eziye zazifaka kwinkalo yemfundo. "Umbono kufuneka wenze isikolo segrad sibe ngumsebenzi okhuselekileyo, ozinzile ovumela abantu ukuba bahlale ngokukhuselekileyo, baqale iintsapho, baqale ukonga imali yomhlalaphantsi kwaye bangene kubuntu obudala ngokuzinzileyo," utshilo uHogan. "Ndicinga ukuba ikamva lalo mbutho lixhomekeke ekuxhaseni amandla ethu ezopolitiko ukwenza iidyunivesithi ezityebileyo zibe ngamaziko asebenzela uluntu ngokwenyani kunokuba zigcine imali, amandla kunye nodumo."
UHogan ukhankanya iinzame ezintsha ezifana Ephakamileyo Ed Labour United, imanyano yesizwe yemibutho yabafundi kwilizwe liphela. Ukwandisa umanyano sele bechazile kumathuba otshintsho. โKukho umyinge ongaqhelekanga womanyano lwendalo olukhoyo phakathi kwabafundi kumaziko ahlukeneyo,โ wongeze watsho. "Ndicinga ukuba siza kubona ukuvela kwemibutho emikhulu, yamacandelo anethemba lokuba nefuthe kumhlaba ophakamileyo."
E-Columbia, "Amava am okuququzelela i-SWC ebengalibaleki," utshilo uBen-Menachem. Thunti. โNdiboyika abantu endiququzelela nabo, abachithe amakhulu eeyure besilwela ikhontrakthi eza kuthi ixhamle kakhulu kubasebenzi abangekafiki nokufika apha โฆ Siphuhlise amatyathanga omanyano olomeleleyo, kwaye ndiyacinga ukuba imanyano yethu. iya kuba yindawo ebalulekileyo yogayo oluqhubekayo lwethu sonke. Ndicinga ukuba sikwazile ukunika abafundi abangekabinazidanga elinye lawona mava anentsingiselo emfundo ngaphandle kwekharityhulamu yase-Columbia - ngoku bayayazi ukuba yintoni i-picket line!
Umnqweno wokuthatha amanyathelo ahlangeneyo ngoku uphinda uvele ekhampasini umele indlela ekhokelela ekubuyiseni umva iindlela zokufunda ezixhomisa amehlo, abasebenzi abaxhatshaziweyo kunye noxinzelelo lwamandla ezandleni zolawulo. Umlo uya kufuna ubumbano kukhuphiswano, kwindalo yonke ngaphezulu kwe-meritocracy. Uququzelelo lwezabasebenzi lutshintsho lwabantu abasebenzayo - kwaye abafundi abaphumeleleyo kunye namahlakani abo phakathi kwefakhalthi kunye nequmrhu labafundi bazibonela ngokwabo amandla abo.
Qaphela: Abafundi banokunikela kwingxowa-mali yogwayimbo lwaBafundi base-Columbia Apha.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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