Tuneengxaki ezininzi eziqhubekayo malunga nezindlu kulo lonke elase-United States yonakalisa ubomi kunye neendlela zokuphila zezigidi. Xa abaqeshi begxothwa kumakhaya abo ngentando yomnini-mhlaba, amaxesha amaninzi, iingxaki zabo zisandula ukuqalisa - ulandelelwano lwemiphumo eyonakalisayo yomntu kunye nentlalontle ilandela rhoqo.
Abanini-mhlaba kwilizwe lonke bayakwazi ukukhupha abaqeshi ngokulula. Izakhiwo zomthetho wabaqeshi zithande ukuba nobuhlobo kakhulu kudidi lwepropati, kwaye imirhumo yokufayilisha incinci. Amaxesha amaninzi, abanini-renti bayakwazi ukukhupha abaqashi babo enkundleni ngokufaka ummeli osemthethweni. basebenzisa malunga nama-80% amatyala okugxothwa. Abaqashi, okwangoku, banegqwetha eliza kubathethelela, kwi-avareji, kuphela i-3% yexesha.
Okungalungelelanisi okungako kubeka ubuxoki ekuhanahaniseni ubulungisa kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokugxothwa. Ulungelelwaniso lwelungelo lomrenti lokucebisa - oko kukuthi, ukubethelela ilungelo elisemthethweni kumkhuseli woluntu kwinkundla yokugxothwa - kuya kulungelelanisa amandla entshukumo, kubangele ukuba abantu bafune ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwaye ukunqanda ukuxhaphaza kunye nokuxhatshazwa yeentlobo ezininzi, kunye iziphumo ezilungileyo kubo bonke abaqeshisi - ngakumbi abo bahlelelekileyo.
Kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, abameli kunye nabaququzeleli, beqonda ukuba umqeshi unelungelo lokufumana amandla angaphezulu kwengcebiso, baye balixhakamfula elo thuba. Kuzwelonke, umsebenzi wabameli abazinikezeleyo - kuquka imibutho yabaqeshi, abaququzeleli bobusoshiyali, abalwela amalungelo ezindlu kunye nemibutho yoncedo lwezomthetho - uvelise inkqubela ebonakalayo ekuphunyezweni kwehlabathi lokwenyani lelo lalikade lilungelo loluntu elingaqatshelwanga ngokupheleleyo e-US.
Isithembiso sezi nzame silandeleka kumsebenzi onzima weenkqubo zoncedo lwasemthethweni kunye namandla enguqu entshukumo ehlangeneyo ethatyathwe yimibutho yabasebenzi, imibutho yabahlali kunye nabaququzeleli abafuna ukuhlaziya izikali ezithambekileyo.
UMJONGA ONGAPHELIYO WOKUSUKA
Ukukhutshwa kuyingozi kwaye kuxhaphake kakhulu kwimarike yerenti yase-US. Ukususela kwi-2000 ukuya kwi-2018, ngokuqhelekileyo, ngeenxa zonke I-3 yezigidi zamakhaya bajongene neefayili zokugxothwa ngonyaka - isi-7% sabemi abarentayo. Kutshanje, ngaphandle kokugxothwa, intswelangqesho kunye ne-CARES Act iintlawulo zoncedo ngexesha lobhubhani, ukugxothwa kuthe gqolo: Abanini-mhlaba bafake izicelo. ngaphezulu kwesigidi ukugxothwa ukusukela ngoMatshi 2020. (I-moratoriums nazo zibonakalise ukuba zinemingxuma ngokuphawulekayo, kunye nokunyanzeliswa ibenamabala ngeyona ndlela. Nokuba, njengoko amanyathelo kaxakeka aphelelwa lixesha, ukugxothwa kuyanda kwakhona kumanqanaba angaphambi kobhubhane, njengoko uMike Ludwig enike ingxelo Thunti.)
Lo msinga ungapheliyo wokufuduswa, kwakhona, unikwe amandla kukungalingani kwamandla phakathi kwabaqeshisi kunye nabanini-mhlaba kwinkundla yezindlu. Umahluko uye waqatshelwa, nangaphambi kokuququzela kwakutshanje, yimibutho yoncedo lwezomthetho efana iManyano yeSizwe yeLungelo loLuntu lokuCebisa, iprojekthi ye le kawonke wonke Iziko loBulungisa. Umdibaniso ityhala kubakhuseli boluntu kumatyala embambano, aquka inkundla yezindlu. (I-US i obalaseleyo phakathi kwamazwe aphuhlileyo ngokusilela ukuqinisekisa ukhuselo lwenkundla yoluntu.) Thunti uthethe neNdibaniselwano yeSizwe yeLungelo loLuntu kuMcebisi uMlawuli oyiNtloko uJohn Pollock malunga nobuzaza bengxaki yokugxothwa kunye nenkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo eyenziwe kwilungelo lokucebisa kwilizwe lonke.
U-Pollock ugxininise ukuba iziphumo zokugxothwa ziyingozi kakhulu kunokuba abaninzi becinga. โXa ubuza ukuba yintoni echaphazela umntu ophulukene nekhaya, umbuzo ongcono ngowokuba yintoni hayi abachaphazelekayo. Yonke into isesichengeni.โ Ukungabi nakhaya emva kokugxothwa - isehlo esixhaphake kakhulu - "ukubeka emngciphekweni ngokukhawuleza wokubanjwa, ukuvalelwa kunye nerekhodi lolwaphulo-mthetho," watsho. Uxinzelelo lunokubakho impembelelo enkulu emzimbeni kwaye impilo Yengqondo.
Ukukhutshwa kwirekhodi yomntu kuqhuba zonke iintlobo zeengxaki zexesha elizayo. Enkosi kwisakhono sabanini-mhlaba ekufumaneni idatha kwiingxelo zokuhlolwa komqeshi, ukugxothwa kunokulandela umqeshi iminyaka kwaye kudaleke imiqobo engagqithekiyo ekufumaneni izindlu zamva. Umonakalo kwityala, imirhumo yenkundla, izigwebo zerenti kunye nokubi kakhulu kunokukhokelela ngokulula. Njengoko uPollock esitsho, โNokuba akunakhaya okanye akunjalo, abantwana bakho banokuba semngciphekweniโungaphulukana nokugcinwa kwakho ukuba awunalo ikhaya elizinzileyo. Umsebenzi wakho. Abantwana bakho kusenokufuneka batshintshe isikolo. Uluhlu alunasiphelo kwiindlela ezinokutshabalalisa usapho. โ
Kwilizwe elinezigidi zokukhutshwa kwabantu kwiindawo abahlala kuzo ngonyaka, kunzima ukucinga ngentlalo-ntle yabantu. Inkcitho karhulumente ekunciphiseni iziphumo zentlalo, "njengendawo yokuhlala engenamakhaya, unyango lwengqondo, amapolisa kunye neentolongo, kunye nabatshutshisi," utshilo uPollock, idlula kakhulu iindleko zokubonelela ngamagqwetha kubaqeshi.
Iingxaki zokugxothwa kunye nezindlu zinxulunyaniswa ngokuqinileyo nokungabikho kokusesikweni okugqugqisayo. Ukugxothwa ichaphazela ngokungafaniyo abantu bebala - kwaye kwabo, abafazi bachaphazeleka ngakumbi. LGBTQ+ ucalucalulo ukwandile. Uthintelo lokugxothwa, kusetyenziswa ilungelo lokucetyiswa kunye nezinye iindlela, ngoko kube nomdla omkhulu kubaququzeleli.
ABANINI-MHLABA BASEBENZISA UKUNGXOXA UKUZE BAPHINDEZE NGOKULUNGISELELA ABAQESHI.
Nokuba ukukhutshwa โkunesiqinisekisoโ okanye akunjalo, abameli bamagqwetha bathi, kufuneka kube yinkundla enobulungisa ukuba ithathe isigqibo, apho omabini amaqela amelwe ngokulinganayo. Ngelixa "abaqeshi bengxaki" ngokuqinisekileyo bekhona, abanini-mhlaba nabo baphendukela ekukhutshweni ngezizathu ezingathandekiyo: ukuziphindezela kwingxabano, ngokuchasene nokulungelelaniswa komqeshi, okanye ukuba abaqeshi bakhalaza kwibhodi yerenti okanye isixeko - nokuba i-pushback encinci ingabangela ukugxothwa kwe-whiplash. Abanini-mhlaba banokunqwenela ukuthengisa isakhiwo ngenzuzo, bangene kwiyunithi ngokwabo okanye bathi amandla abo okuqokelela amatyala. (Kunokuba luncedo ukubamba abaqeshi bengahlawulwanga ukuze ufumane amandla.) Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni intshukumisa, le milo inokuba krakra ngokwenene; iimeko zikhona abanini-mhlaba bathiya abantwana amagama njengabamangalelwa kumatyala okugxothwa njengendlela yokuxhatshazwa kunye nokoyikisa.
Ukugcwaliswa ngobuchule kokukhutshwa kwabantu kwiindawo abahlala kuzo kulandela indlela yokungaxhathisi. โUkuba umnini-mhlaba ungenela naluphi na uhlobo lwengxabano nomqeshi, kulula kakhulu kuye ukuba aye enkundleni aze akhuphe umntu othileโฆ Bayazi ukuba umqeshi akazukuba nengcebiso,โ utshilo uPollock. โAbanini-mhlaba ebebengawuthobeli umthetho abakhathazeki. Ukungalungisi, ukuhlawulisa kakhulu abaqeshi - akukho mntu uza kubabamba. โ Xa abaqeshi bezimele ngokwabo, kufuneka bahambe kwiipaseji ze-labyrinthine zenkqubo yezomthetho, apho nokungaqondi kakuhle okuncinci kwemithetho ye-opaque kunye neyokufihlakeleyo kunokunyusa ityala labo.
Ukumisela ilungelo lokucebisa - ukufumana igqwetha eliqheleneyo nobucukubhede benkqubo ukunceda umqeshi akhusele amaxwebhu ayimfuneko, aqonde isigama, azibonakalise enkundleni ukuba usemsebenzini, ukunciphisa izigwebo, ukugcina ukukhutshwa kwiirekhodi zabo. okanye ukuthenga ixesha - kukuhlengahlengisa ngokugqibeleleyo izikali.
IINTLAWULO ZOKUQALA KWISIXEKO SASE-NEW YORK
Umsinga waqala ukutshintshela ngasekunene ukuya kwingcebiso kwisiXeko saseNew York, ngenxa yomzabalazo omde owawuqhutywa umanyano of amatsha ntliziyo, abaququzeleli boluntu, amagqwetha kunye nabalandeli bomanyano, uninzi lwabo luziqeshile ngokwabo. Iinzame zabo zafikelela kuvuthondaba ngokudlula kwesiXeko saseNew York ngowama-2017 Umthetho wasekhaya 136. Oku kuphindaphindwa kwangaphambili kwelungelo lokucebisa ekuqaleni bekukhawulelwe kubaqeshi abenza phantsi kwe-200% yomgca wentlupheko womanyano, oko bekwenza ukuba "kuvavanywe iindlela," okt, kuxhomekeke kwi-caveats yengeniso.
Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokumisa ubhubhane, ekugqibeleni inkqubo yandiswa kubo bonke abaqashi kwidolophu iphela, beyenza jikelele, ukuba tenuously. โI-100% yabaqeshi abanamatyala okugxothwa ngokwekhalenda baye bafikelela kwiinkonzo zomthetho, kwaye i-71% yabaqeshi ababevele kwiNkundla yezezindlu babemelwe ngokupheleleyo ngamagqwetha - phantse ukuphinda kabini umlinganiselo wangaphambi kobhubhani wama-38%, kunye nokunyuka okubonakalayo ngaphezulu kwepesenti enye. yabaqeshi ababenamagqwetha ngo-1,โ utshilo upapasho lwesixeko.
Ukulandelisa Iingxelo zibonisa impumelelo eqhubekayo yenkqubo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku: 84% yabarenti abamelweyo bakwazile ukuhlala emakhayeni abo, begxothwa yehle ngesihlanu kwezinye iindawo kwaye iziphumo ezilungileyo kwintlalontle zibhalwe kwibhodi yonke. Ngelishwa, ukusukela ngoMatshi, ezinye iijaji zenkundla yezindlu zaseNew York sele beqalisile ukunyanzela abaqeshi lokuvela enkundleni ngaphandle kokumelwa, ngenxa yokuphelelwa lixesha, ukunqongophala kwamagqwetha kunye nokusilela kwamatyala. Ukuqhawuka kusisikhumbuzo sokuba ilungelo lokucebisa alinakuthathelwa ingqalelo: Kufuneka ikhuselwe.
I-SAN FRANCISCO IPHUMELELE UKUFIKELELA KWI-UNIVERSAL
Enye indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba isiluleko sihlala sisebenza kwaye singahlaselwa kangako ngabachasi kukusenza sifumaneke ngokukhululekileyo kubo bonke. Ubume bomhlaba bukwayinto ebalulekileyo ukuba inkqubo ikukwandisa iziphumo ezilungileyo. Uvavanyo lwengeniso (โithethaโ) lubeka imiqobo ekufikeleleni, lufuna i-bureaucracy eyongezelelweyo kwaye luphinda luphinde lube nebala โlwentlalontleโ.
Kwisantya esishushu senkqubo enzima yokugxotha, nangaphezulu koxinzelelo lokugxothwa, kufuna ukuba umqeshi ajonge indlela yakhe kumaphepha angaphezulu kunokudala umqobo omkhulu. Njengoko uPollock watshoyo Thunti, iinkqubo zoncedo lwasemthethweni โazinalo ixesha elininzi lokuya kumqeshi okanye umse enkundleniโฆ Inkqubo yokufumana onke amaxwebhu okuqinisekisa umvuzo, ithoba izinto ngokwenene.โ
Esona sisombululo silula kukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo uvavanyo lweendlela. INew York ikhokele ekubhalweni kwelungelo lokucebisa, kodwa yayingabaququzeleli kunye nabameli abaqeshiweyo eSan Francisco abathi, ngo-2018, bayila kwaye balwela iProposition F, beyila. Ilungelo lokuqala ngokwenene jikelele lokucebisa kwisizwe.
Isiphakamiso F saqhutywa ngu i Akukho kugxothwa ngaphandle kokumelwa iphulo. Ifakwe yi-SF yeLungelo leKomiti yeNgcebiso, abaxhasi bomlinganiselo baquka amalungu amaninzi IDemocratic Socialists of America's (DSA) San Francisco isahluko, Abaqeshi Bendawonye (kunye nomseki wayo uDean Preston, umphathi wesixeko, ilungu le-DSA kunye nomakhi womlinganiselo) kunye ne-SF Tenants Union, ngenkxaso yoncedo lwezomthetho olungenzi nzuzo njenge-Eviction Defense Collaborative. Isiphithiphithi kunye nolungiselelo lwabo luphumelele kwivoti; inkqubo yaba yinyani, kwaye i-5.8 yezigidi zeerandi yanikezelwa kwimibutho yoncedo lwezomthetho emalunga neshumi elinesibini ukubonelela ngeengcebiso.
Olu yayilungenelelo olucacileyo esixekweni apho ukungalingani kobutyebi kunye nokunqongophala kwezindlu ezifikelelekayo kuye kwenza ukuba abantu bagxothwe, ukufuduswa kwabantu kunye nokungabi namakhaya kube yinto eqhelekileyo - isixeko apho, "Ukukhutshwa kubalelwa kwi-17% yabantu abangenamakhaya eSan Francisco," SF ngeveki umbiko. Ukusukela ngo-2009, abaqeshi baseSan Francisco baye banikezelwa Izaziso zokugxothwa ezili-1,700 unyaka. Amashumi asibhozo ukuya kwi-90% yabaqeshi abagxothiweyo wayengenammeli osemthethweni kwinkundla yezindlu.
Iingxelo ukuya kutsho ngo-2021 ibonisa ukuba iProp F iwandise kakhulu umyinge wabaqeshi abakwaziyo ukuhlala emakhayeni abo kwaye ikhokelele ekubeni ukuncitshiswa okubonakalayo kokuhlaliswa kwerenti. I-Universality nayo ayikhange iyithintele inkqubo: i-85% yabo bayisebenzisayo banomvuzo ophantsi kakhulu kwaye i-9% banomvuzo ophakathi, okuthetha ukuba ingqiqo emva kovavanyo lwenziwa lungasebenzi - ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo bekujoliswe kwingeniso, nje ngokuba yinto imveliso yemfuneko. Oko kwakutshoyo, iinzame zisenzima; njengeNew York, ukunqongophala kwamagqwetha abaqashileyo uye wayigada inkqubo. Kwisiqalo sokuqala, oko ayifumanekanga kwangoko kubo bonke abaqeshi, kodwa kutsha nje kufunyenwe inkxaso-mali epheleleyo ngokunyuka kwebhajethi ukuya kwi-17 yezigidi zeedola. Nokuba, sele ichaphazele ubomi obuninzi: Amabali avela kubaqeshi abakhuselweyo, njengabo ihlanganiswe nguMartin Kuz ngaphakathi I-Christian Science Monitor, zibubungqina obuchukumisayo kwindima exabisekileyo yeenkonzo zengcebiso yabaqeshi.
ABAQUQUZELELI BAYA PHAWULA
Emva kokuba ezi dolophu zimbini zingaselunxwemeni zamkele imodeli yazo yokucebisa, iinkqubo ezifanayo zaqala ukukhula ngesantya esimangalisayo: ENewark, eNew Jersey; Cleveland, Ohio; yaye Philadelphia, EPennsylvania, phakathi kwabo (nangona le mizekelo yahlala ivavanywa).
Ilungelo lokucetyiswa liye landiswa emva kokuqalisa kobhubhane. NjengoLaura Jedeed kunye noShane Burley babhalele Thunti, iinkxalabo ezinkulu malunga nezindlu zikhuthaze inyathelo eliqatha lokunceda abaqeshi - zombini intshukumo kumgaqo-nkqubo kunye iintlobo ezithe ngqo: umz. ugwayimbo lwerenti, imisebenzi kunye ukhuselo lokugxothwa, phakathi kwendawo ebanzi ukwanda kwimibutho yabaqeshi kunye neemanyano.
Ukukhawuleza kwasasazeka kwiinzame zokunene-kuya-ngcebiso eBoulder, eColorado; eBaltimore, eMaryland; eLouisville, eKentucky; kunye neSeattle, eWashington. Njengoko UAbigail Savitch-Lew udwelise iikhathalogu ezininzi Isibheno, phakathi ku-2021, โIzixeko ezinjengeHouston; eSanta Monica, eKhalifoniya; kunye neRochester, eNew York, [yayisungulwe] iinkqubo ezilingwayo, yaye iNew Jersey [yaye] yamisela umqhubi wenqwelo-moya kwimimandla emithathu.โ Kunyaka olandelayo, Denver, Colorado; IDetroit, iMicrosoft; yaye Minneapolis, eMinnesota, yamisela amalungelo apheleleyo, njengoko kwenza imimandla emininzi yasekuhlaleni.
Ilizwe lokuqala elipheleleyo ukwenza njalo yayiyiWashington, emva koko eMaryland, ngoko Connecticut. Amatyala amaninzi, imimiselo, imilinganiselo kunye neziphakamiso zazo zonke iintlobo ngoku zilindile kwilizwe jikelele. Ngelixa zonke ezi nkqubo zinokwahluka ekuqondeni kwazo, ukuqina kwazo, ubuninzi bazo kunye nemithombo yazo yenkxaso-mali, kuye kwacaca ukuba, nangona kusasele indlela ende ekufumaneni ilungelo lesizwe lokucebisa, kuye kwaphunyezwa ubunzima obuthile obubalulekileyo.
UMQESHI ULUNGISELELA IMPUMELELO KWISIXEKO SASE-KANSAS
Enye yempumelelo yamva nje yenzeke kwisiXeko saseKansas, eMissouri, apho imanyano yabaqeshi besixeko siphela. ebizwa ngokuba yi-KC Tenants uququzelelwe emva kommiselo welungelo lokucebisa. Yaphunyezwa ngoDisemba ka-2021, sibulela kwiinzame zabaququzeleli bamaziko aphantsi kumfelandawonye oquka umanyano. Ukuphunyezwa kuqale kulo Juni.
UMason Andrew Kilpatrick ngumququzeleli woluntu kunye naBaqeshi be-KC. Kwi-imeyile eya Thunti, ucaphule iingxaki ezinkulu ezijongene nabaqeshi abangamelwanga: โUkusukela ngo-2006-2016, ngaphezulu kwe-99.8% yeengxoxo zokugxothwa kwe-Jackson County kubangele ukuba abaqeshi baphulukane namakhaya abo. 2021 kuye kwagxothwa abantu abangaphezu kwama-5,000.
Omnye wabachatshazelwa kutshanje nguSabrina Davis, umqeshi waseKansas City, owathi, ukusuka ngo-2020 ukuya kutsho ngo-2021, watyhubela kubunzima obumangalisayo. Watsho Thunti ukuba iingcingo zombane ezingasebenziyo kwirenti yakhe zamfakela amatyala enyanga angaphezulu kwewaka leedola. Impendulo yomnini-mhlaba, ukuphepha ukuhlawulela ukulungiswa, yaba kukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza. Wabanga irenti engekahlawulwa (ngobuqhophololo) njengesizathu kwaye wazama ukumlahlekisa ekubeni atsibe usuku lwenkundla. Noko ke, wathi akuvela, waguqukela kwimpindezelo ekhohlakeleyo.
โWenze zonke ezi zinto zimbi ngokuchasene nam,โ utshilo uDavis Thunti. "Wakhupha umoya opholileyo endlwini ... ndabuya kwaye izitshixo zitshintshiwe zonke ... Babeyichitha indlu - bagibisela ipeyinti ebomvu ezindongeni bathi ndiyenzile. ... yayimbi kakhulu."
Uye wakwazi ukuqhagamshelana nabaQondisi be-KC kunye nokukhusela ummeli we-pro bono. Umququzeleli uKilpatrick wadibana noJones kwaye weva inkxalabo yakhe: "Wandimela, kwaye wahlala," watsho. Ngoncedo lwasemthethweni, wakwazi ukuguqula imeko enkundleni, ekugqibeleni wayibuyisela imali yerente yonyaka wakhe waza wayidipozitha.
โUmnini-ndlu wam ukruquke abantu abaninzi kule minyaka idlulileyo,โ watsho, enomsindo osaqhumayo. โIgqwetha lam lifumanise ngokufumanisa ukuba ubengumnini-ndlu ukusukela ngo-1993, kwaye wonke umntu owakhe warentelwa ngulo mfo, wamkhupha. Waphumelela amatyala kuba abantu abazange babonakale kwaye balwe, ngoko ke waphumelela ngokungagqibekanga. Wabona ukuba andizukuvela.โ
Wayebethelela le ngongoma: โNdaliphumelela ityala lam ngenxa yokuba ndandilulekiwe. Kuba bendinegqwetha.โ La mava abuhlungu amkhokelela ekubeni enze ulungelelwano. โNdandisekupheleni kwengqondo yam,โ watsho Thunti. โNdathi, โOwu thixo wam, andinakuba lelinye nje ibali. Ndimele ndibamele abanye abantu abatyhubela kobu bugxwayiba ndize ndibazise ukuba ababodwa yaye kukho indlela yokuphuma.' Ke, ndijoyine i-KC Tenants. โ Emva koko, waba nenxaxheba kwiphulo elazuza ilungelo lokululekwa: uloyiso olwazalisekisa ithemba awayenalo ngabanye.
Kanye njengokuba kwilizwe liphela, kwisiXeko saseKansas, utshilo u-Kilpatrick, inkundla yezindlu inobunzima "nxamnye nabangathathi ntweni nabasebenzayo kwinkqubo yokugxothwa kwasekuqaleni." Abanini bezakhiwo banobuncwane, yaye amagqwetha abo asenokuba โnobudlelwane neejaji nezicaka zenkundla. La magqwetha afundiswe kakuhle ngenkqubo yenkundla yamatyala kwaye anokusebenza nabanini-mhlaba ukufumana ikroba kwingqeshiso kunye nemithetho eyenza kube lula kubo ukutyhalela ngaphandle amakhaya abaqashi.โ
Iipateni ezifanayo zibubungqina eMissouri njengakwezinye iindawo: "Izinto ezingathandekiyo bezingcono kakhulu kubaqeshi ababemelwe ngamagqwetha," utshilo uKilpatrick. โNgexesha lobhubhani, isiXeko saseKansas saqala ukuxhasa ngemali amagqwetha amathathu okhuselo lokugxothwa. Ngale nkqubo, ngaphezulu kwe-90% yabaqeshi abafumene ukumelwa bahlala bengenamakhaya kwaye bengagxothwanga.โ
I-KC Tenants nayo ithathe amanyathelo angqalileyo, aquka ukuthetha nasemzimbeni ukuphazamisa iinkqubo zenkundla, iikhonferensi ngomnxeba kunye nokuvalwa kokugxothwa. (Eleanor J. Bader ingxelo kwezinye ngenxa Thunti kwi 2020.) Enye impumelelo yaba isiqendu sika2019 yoMqulu wamaLungelo wabaQeshi. Ukusukela oko baphosa ubunzima babo emva kommiselo ngo-2021, bazise omnye wemizekelo eyomeleleyo yelungelo lokuphumelela. Inkqubo yesiXeko saseKansas iphawuleka ngamandla ayo kunye nendalo yonke, kunye nenyaniso yokuba lo mmiselo ungomnye wabambalwa "oyilwe ngokuthe ngqo ngabaqeshi abachaphazelekayo," utshilo uKilpatrick.
โAbaqeshi be-KC,โ uqhubeke watsho, โbayazi ukuba abantu abasondeleyo kwiingxaki bakufutshane nezisombululo. Inyathelo lokuqala njengembumba yaba kukuba saxoxa [ngesakhiwo somthetho] kunye nabaqeshi abagxothiweyo ... okanye abasesichengeni sokuphulukana namakhaya abo kubanini-mhlaba abangakhathaliyo.โ
Uphando, igalelo loluntu kunye nemifuziselo eyilwayo ivelise ummiselo oxhaswa ngemali ngokupheleleyo, oquka iimpawu ezifana nenkxaso yabasebenzi besixeko, ukwazisa abaqeshi ngamalungelo abo, iingxelo zonyaka zokuphendula kunye nekomiti yokongamela yabaqeshi. Owokugqibela "usebenza kunye nesixeko ukubamba abasebenzi besixeko kunye namagqwetha anekhontrakthi aphendule ngokugcina ilungelo lokucebisa inkqubo kumgangatho osebenza ngokwenene kubaqeshi abahluphekayo nabasebenzayo," utshilo uKilpatrick.
Uloyiso lwelungelo lokucebisa kwisiXeko saseKansas lumele ulwazi oluqokelelweyo kunye namava, kokubini ngokubhekisele kwiimfuno zasekhaya kunye nokungekho sikweni kunye nokulungiswa kakuhle okuququzelelwa yimizekelo emininzi yangoku yeefomula zamalungelo ukuya kwingcebiso kwilizwe lonke.
UKUJONGA PHAMBILI EPORTLAND
Ukuthatha isambatho samaqabane abo aphakathi kwamazwe ngabameli bezindlu, abahlali bezentlalo kunye nemibutho yabaqeshi ePortland, e-Oregon, kuquka nabaninzi ababebandakanyeka kwiphulo elithi UP NOW, eliphumelele iMultnomah County. iprogram ye-universal preschool measure ngokusebenzisa umlinganiselo wokuvota ngo-2020. Kulo nyaka uphelileyo, UP NGOKU abaququzeleli kunye namalungu e-Portland isahluko seDemocratic Socialists yaseMelika babeka umbono wabo kwilungelo lokucebisa ngenyathelo elitsha: Ukumelwa kokugxothwa kubo bonke. Abaxhasi baquka izinto zeNorth Portland Tenants Collective, Portland Tenants United, Musa ukukhupha iPDX kunye neProjekthi yoKhuselo loKhuseleko lweZiko loMthetho laseOregon.
Ukukhanya okuqhubelekayo kwePortland kuhlala kusebenzela ukufihla ulawulo lwayo lwe-neoliberal kunye nokungabikho kokusesikweni okunzulu. Nesixeko sijonge ingxaki enkulu yezindlu kunye nokwanda okunxulunyaniswayo kuluntu olungenazindlu, uzinzo lwabarentayo luya lusiba nzima kakhulu ukufumaneka, ingakumbi, ewe, kubasebenzi nabahlelelekileyo. Ukuphathwa gadalala Abaqeshi bezindlu ngabanini-mhlaba baye baba mandundu (ingakumbi ngokuchasene nabantu bebala), yaye isimangalo sabanini-zindlu kutshanje siye sakhokelela ekubeni ibhunga lesixeko lirhoxise ukhuseleko ngokuchasene neentlawulo ezingafanelekanga. Ngokufanelekileyo, intshukumo zamalungelo abaqeshi bafumene intengo ethile, kunye neemanyano zabaqeshi zibe ngumthombo ophambili wenkxaso yabaqeshi abatsala nzima kulo lonke ubhubhane kunye nokhuseleko olungenantambo lwento enokuthi imiswe.
UCwangciso loMmeli wokuKhutshwa kuBantu bonke lwaqala ngokunyaniseka ngo-2021. โ[Siye] safikelela kwaye saba neencoko ezimnandi kakhulu nabaququzeleli abaye baphumelela kumanyathelo abo okucebisa kunye nabo bangazange baphumelele,โ uColleen Carroll, i Ukumelwa kokugxothwa kubo bonke abaququzeleli kunye nomlweli wezindlu wendawo, uxelele Thunti. UCarroll wayebandakanyeka ngaphambili Musa ukukhupha iPDX, umbutho woluntu obandakanyekayo kwi mbhikisho kunye nokubeka iliso kwinkundla yokugxothwa, kwaye uqhelene nobubhanxa obuntsonkothileyo kunye nokungabikho kobulungisa kwenkundla yezindlu.
Abalindi benkundla baye baqaphela ukuba, ngaphandle kokurhoxiswa okubonakalayo kokugxothwa ngenxa yokungahlawuli, ukukhutshwa okuninzi kwakusaqhubeka - kodwa ngesaziso esidweliswe izizathu ngaphandle kokungahlawuli. (UCarroll ucaphule imizekelo efana โnezityalo ezininzi ezikwibalcony, umabonwakude odlalela phezulu kakhulu.โ) Ngamanye amazwi, abaqeshisi babefaka izityholo zobuxoki ukuze bavale eso sigwebo baze baqhubeke nokugxothwa.
Njengoko abaququzeleli babeqala ukucwangcisa inyathelo elitsha lokucebisa, olu lwazi lwazisa ububanzi bayo. UCarroll wathi: โEzinye iinkqubo ezinelungelo lokucebisa zazingenxa yezizathu ezithile kuphela, okanye kuphela kubaqeshi abathile, njengabaqeshi abanomntwana endlwini, okanye abaqeshi abamkela umvuzo ophantsi. Siye saqonda ukuba ngalo naluphi na uhlobo lwezithintelo, njengokumiswa kwethu, abanini-mhlaba baya kufumana indlela yokuyijikeleza. โ Ukuchasa eli qhinga, kunye nokunqanda imiqobo yolawulo ebekwe ngovavanyo, bekubalulekile, abaququzeleli bakholelwa ukuba lo mlinganiso uyafana nalawo aseSan Francisco, eBoulder naseKansas City.
Kwagqitywa ukuba umlinganiselo wokuvota ibiyeyona ndlela ilungileyo, iqhinga elifanayo nelithe lazisa inkqubo ye-UP NGOKU ye-pre-K kwimpumelelo. UCarroll wathi: โUkuba besihamba ngendlela yommiselo, besiya kucelwa ukuba silalanise kwizinto ezithile, kuzo zonke iinkalo, [okanye] kwindlela yokuzihlawulela yerhafu.โ Olunye loMmeli wokuKhutshwa kuwo onke amanqaku abalaseleyo kukuba luya kuxhaswa nge-0.75% yokunyuswa kwerhafu ekhoyo yenzuzo yenkunzi, okuthetha ukuba ngaxeshanye ibetha irhafu ehlayo. Ukwakha kwirhafu esele ikhona kukwathoba umqobo omnye kwindlela yokulinganisa.
Ukumelwa kokugxothwa kubo bonke kuya kufuna ukuba abaqeshi banikwe igqwetha "kwisaziso sokuqala sokupheliswa, kunokuba kufakwe enkundleni," utshilo uCarroll - into ebalulekileyo. Ukukhawuleza kwenkundla yokukhupha kuthetha ukuba ixesha liyinto ebalulekileyo. Kwaye, waqhubeka, "Kubonakala ephepheni ukuba [iPortland] inamanani aphantsi okugxothwa xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindawo ezininzi e-United States. Kodwa into engabhalwanga kukuba uninzi, ezininzi abaqeshi bayagxothwa phambi kokuba inkqubo yenkundla.โ Abaqashi bahlala bemka kwangoko emva kwesaziso sokuqala, โnokuba besoyika inkqubo yenkundla, abafuni kugxothwa kwiirekhodi zabo, okanye abawaqondi amalungelo abo.โ
U-Jesse Joseph ilungu le-Portland DSA, uMmeli wokuKhutshwa kubo bonke abaququzeleli kunye nomququzeleli wentsimi oye waqokelela ngokunyanisekileyo iisignesha ukuze afumane umlinganiselo kwivoti kaNovemba. โXa sithetha nabantu, impendulo intle kakhulu,โ utshilo. "Abantu abaninzi bayamangaliswa ukuba le nto ingekho." I-pitch engundoqo, emva kwayo yonke into, ilula kakhulu: njenge indawo yeERA Isihloko sithi, "Inkundla yokugxothwa irhwaphiliziwe."
โNdicinga ukuba uya kumangaliswa kukuba bangaphi kubo abaya kuthi, ngendiyisebenzisile le nto,โ watsho uJoseph. โOkanye, ndijongene nokugxothwa ngoku. Okanye intombi yam, mntakabawo, unyana wam ujongene nokugxothwa. Uninzi lwabantu ludinga nje ixesha lokuthetha. โ
Nangona, ukuba kupasisiwe, ukuMelelwa kokuKhutshwa kwabo bonke abantu belungelo lokucebisana kuya kukhawulelwa kwiNqila yaseMultnomah, umlinganiselo oyimpumelelo uthembisa ukuba neziphumo eziluncedo kumalinge exesha elizayo, kunye negunya lomqeshi kunye nothethathethwano oluhlangeneyo. โAbaqashi [kwamanye amaphondo] bajonge kumlinganiselo weNqila yaseMultnomah kwaye bathi ewe, ukuba besinokhuseleko, besiya kuziva sikhuselekile silungiselela [ukulungisa], iikepusi zokurenta, nayo yonke loo nto,โ utshilo uCarroll.
Ngexesha lokupapashwa, eli phulo lingena kwiiveki zokugqibela zesigaba sotyikityo lokuqokelela. UCarroll noJoseph babonisa ithemba malunga nokubekwa kwayo ekugqibeleni kwivoti kaNovemba, kwaye bagxininisa imiphumo yokuguqulwa ukuba ilungelo lokucebisa liza kuba nalo kwiPortland kunye nokungabikho kokusesikweni kwasekhaya.
ULUNGISELELO OLUDLA KADE
Inyani yokuba ukwenzakala kokugxothwa kuxhaphake kakhulu kuthetha ukuba ukubanciphisa kunethuba lokwenza okuninzi okulungileyo. Ukugxothwa kwabantu, njengoko watshoyo uCarroll, โyinto ekhuthazayo. Ndicinga ukuba abanye abantu bacinga ngako oku, โOwu, le yincopho; le yicrescendo enkulu!' Kwaye akunjalo. Idla ngokuba sisiqalo sebali lobunzima.โ Ukuzithethelela ngokwasemthethweni kunokuthetha ukumisa loo ngxelo iqhelekileyo phambi kokuba iqale. Kucace gca ukuba ilungelo lokucebisa linempembelelo enkulu njengongenelelo, oluneziphumo ezincumisayo kwimpilo-ntle yabantu abarentayo.
Akudlanga ukuba indawo enye yokuguquguquka ibonakale lula kwaye ikwazi ukulwa kwiimeko zokungabikho kokusesikweni. Oko akuthethi ukuba ngumcimbi olula - kodwa ngoququzelelo lomqeshi ekunyuseni emva kogqabhuko-dubulo oluvulwe yi-COVID, amathuba amatsha akufuphi kungekudala.
Umdibaniso weSizwe weLungelo loLuntu lokuCebisa uJohn Pollock ugxininise, โOku kuba ngumbutho odityanisiweyo nokuqonda okufanayo koko kusebenzayo. [Si]dibanisa amagunya omnye komnye ukuze wonke umntu afunde kuye wonke umntu. Kukho iindawo ezininzi kunye neninzi yeendawo esithetha nazoโฆ Sibona izinto zisenzeka kule minyaka imbalwa izayo eziya kuthi zongezelele koko sele kuphunyeziwe.โ
Imincili kunye nethemba labameli malunga nesihloko kuyaqondakala. Bonke bayavumelana ukuba inyathelo elidityanelweyo libe ngumthombo wempumelelo yamva nje, kwaye iseyeyona ndlela yokuphumelela ngakumbi.
Njengomntu oye wafumana inkohlakalo enokuthi ihambe kunye nokukhutshwa ngokwabo, uDavis uyazi kakuhle imfuno engxamisekileyo yokubambisana koluntu kunye noncedo lwezomthetho. โNdineminyaka engama-20 ndihlala kwisiXeko saseKansas,โ utshilo. โXa ndaba ngumntu okhubazekileyo, kwaye kwafuneka ndiphile ngokukhubazeka, kwaye ndilahlekelwe ngumvuzo wam kunye nendlela yam yokuphila, ndabona indlela abantu abaphathwa ngayo. Kwakubuhlungu kum. Andizange ndikwazi ukumelana nayo. Kuso sonke isiXeko saseKansas, ngalo lonke ixesha ndifuduka, ndandifumana umnini-ndlu ombi ngowangaphambili.โ
U-Kilpatrick, owamnceda ngokwakhe uDavis ngexesha lobunzima bakhe, uye wanceda ukwakha uhlobo lwamandla oluntu oluyimfuneko ukuxhathisa ukungabi nabulungisa kwezindlu. Njengoko wabhalayo, โXa abantu abahluphekayo nabasebenzayo bedala indawo yokuphulaphula nokuthatha inyathelo omnye komnye, ubudlelwane bethu omnye komnye buba nzuluโฆ Siyinyani malunga nenjongo yethu yokwenza utshintsho lwenzeke kunye. Ubunyani boluntu lwethu kunye nobudlelwane yinkululeko emsebenzini. "
KuDavis, othetha ngombulelo ongazenzisiyo ngoKilpatrick nabanye abaququzeleli bakhe, la mazwi avakala eyinyani. โLe yeyona nto intle ndakha ndabandakanyeka kuyo,โ utshilo Thunti, bongezelela ngelithi abanye abaququzeleli โbandiphakamisele phezulu kwaye bandenza ndiqhubeke ndize ndiqhubeke nokulwa.โ
โNgoku ekubeni sinelungelo lokucebisa, sisindisa abantu ngemini - sisindise i-150 ngeveki ekugxothweni,โ wongeze watsho. Andisoze ndiyeke. Ndiya kuhlala ndingumqeshi we-KC!
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela