Ngomhla wesi-4 kuDisemba 2006 — uNjingalwazi uMalcolm Willcock, ukuchaneka, oyena mnene, ugqwesileyo kwizifundiswa ezafundisa iFisk eyoyikekayo imbali yesiLatini nesiRoma xa ndandifika kunyaka wesibini wobomi beYunivesithi yaseLancaster ngo-1965. Wenza ubukhosi baseRoma baphila kwaye nam cinga ngaye ngale ntsasa-ngonyaka wokufa kwakhe-njengoko ndihamba kwizitrato zaseRoma yamandulo kwaye ndicingisisa ngezifundo zamva, ubukhosi obuyingozi ngakumbi.
Unjingalwazi uWilcock, kufuneka ndongeze, wayesisifundiswa saseGrike - wandazisa ku-Achilles ehamba "kulwandle olumnyama-wayini" - kwaye wabonisa, ngokutsho komnye wezazi zakhe, "indlela abalinganiswa bakaHomer abaguqulela ngayo iintsomi ezisemgangathweni ukuze basebenze njengokucenga. iiparadigms zendlela amaqhawe afanele ukuziphatha ngayo”.
Ngoku lo nto isikhumbuza ngabani, ndiyazibuza? Eneneni, bundikhumbuza ntoni uBukhosi baseRoma? Ndikhumbula, emva phayaa ngo-1997, ndithatha amasuntswana omjukujelwa owenziwe e-US ukuya eWashington ngenjongo yokubeka iingceba zentsimbi phambi kwabavelisi bawo. Ndaphawula kwidayari yam ukuba isixeko "ngaloo mini yasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo yayintle-ikomkhulu kunye nezakhiwo zikarhulumente ezinkulu zibukeka njengeRoma yakudala ..." kwaye kuyinyani ukuba abakhi baseWashington babefuna ukuba isixeko sabo sibukeke njengeyona mali idumileyo kaMalcolm Willcock.
Amajoni aliqela ase-US asebenza e-Iraq - kubandakanywa nomfana oselula owabulawa apho kulo nyaka uphelileyo - athelekisa ubomi bawo nobo bekhulu lamaRoma. Kwaye akunzima, ukubukela abantu baseMelika kwikiti yabo yokulwa - izigcina-ntloko zaseJamani, isikrweqe somzimba sikaKevlar esaphukileyo, iibhutsi ezithambileyo ezimdaka-ukubona ii-centurions kwiintsimbi zabo zesikhumba kunye nezigcina-ntloko ezinomsila.
Singaya eIraq, iiyunifomu zabo zisixelela; sinokumatsha sinqumla amazwe aseSumeri apho impucuko kuthiwa yaqala khona; sinako ukudlula iBaghdad; thina (yayingengo-Antony lo, owayesele eyi-triumvir nje) yenye “yeentsika ezithathu zehlabathi”. Ukuwa kweenyawo zaseRoma, yiva ukungcangcazela kwetanki ye-Abrams M1A1.
Kodwa ngaba zikho ngolo hlobo izikumkani? Ndandikade ndikholelwa ukuba banenkqubo yabo yoloyiko ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, abathe bahlasela abo kufuneka baqonde iCarthago delenda est. ngokuqinisekileyo. Ndicinga ukuba i-empire - yamaRoma, iBritane, iMelika - iyakhula kuba ikwindalo yabo ukwenza iprojekthi, rhoqo nangokubulala, umkhosi wasemkhosini. Singaya eBaghdad, ngoko siza kuya eBaghdad.
Unjingalwazi uWilcock, ndiyakhumbula, watsalela ingqalelo yam kuCrassus, laa bhiliyoni inkulu yaseRoma eyenza i-sestertii yakhe kwirenti yaseRoma kwaye ubuntu bakhe babanjwa ngokucengayo nguLaurence Olivier kwifilimu ethi Spartacus. UCrassus wathatha imikhosi yakhe wayisa kwinto namhlanje esinokuyibiza ngokuba yintlango yaseSyria-Iraqi apho yanqunyulwa yaba ziingceba ngamaParthians azalwe ngamahashe (awafunda abanqolobi bethu banamhlanje baseSyria-Iraq). UCrassus ngokwakhe wamenywa ukuba anikezele iintetho ententeni apho wanqunyulwa khona intloko, i-cranium yakhe igcwele igolide kwaye wabuyisela, isitayela sase-Iraqi, eRoma njengerhafu kubutyebi bakhe.
Xa u-Scullard wabhala isikhumbuzo sakhe esivela kwi-Gracchi ukuya kuNero, ngokucacileyo-wayebhala ngo-1930-wayevakalelwa kukuba uKesare Agasto wayeyinguqulo yangaphambili ye-Mussolini. Iinguqulelo ezininzi bhanyabhanya kwimbali yaseRoma-iGladiator iya kuba yeyona nzame yaseHollywood yamva nje- ibonakalisa amandla obukhosi njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo, nangona oko kungalunganga kwiRoma. IRiphabhliki - iRoma ye-triumvirs - yayiyinzame yokwahlula amandla kwaye akusiyo iphoso likaCicero ukuba uPompey, uKesare Augustus kunye no-Antony - abafumana imigangatho kaCrassus kwintlango yaseParthian - abaphumelelanga ukugcina idemokhrasi.
Into eyaphunyezwa yiRoma yayiyingcamango "yokuba sebandleni". Bonke abantu aboyisiweyo baba ngabemi baseRoma. Cinga, okomzuzwana, bekuya kwenzeka ntoni e-Baghdad, ukuba wonke umntu wase-Iraqi wayenikwe ipasipoti yase-US kwi-2003 - akukho mvukelo, akukho mfazwe, akukho nzakala yase-US, kuphela uthando kunye nomnqweno kumntu wonke osemazantsi- Intshona yeAsia iza kuhlaselwa nguGeorge W Bush!
Ndakhe ndayibeka le nto kwigosa le-CIA e-Amara - ewe, i-Amara efanayo eye yawela ngaphandle kolawulo lwase-Bhritane kwinyanga ephelileyo kwaye uTony Blair aya kuzuza ilifa njengobukhosi bakhe emva kokumka kwakhe - kwaye wandigculela. “Asizanga apha ngenxa yenzuzo yabo,” wandixelela. Owu, kodwa sasinjalo, akunjalo?
UNjingalwazi Willcock wayenosekela mphathi obalaseleyo kwisebe leClassics kwiYunivesithi yaseLancaster, umhlohli ogama linguDavid Shotter, endimfowunele izolo. UShotter wayedla ngokuthelekisa ukunyuka kwemikhosi yamaRoma kunye neJamani iWehrmacht kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi yaseRashiya, ifanayo ngoku ekhetha ukuyicima. Uthetha namhlanje "ngendawo yaseRoma ngexesha", indalo "yabantu abanamandla anamandla" kwaye - ndibambe umoya wam xa wayethetha le fowuni kum njengoko ndandimi ngokunqabileyo kwi-100 yeemitha ukusuka kwiforamu yaseRoma - "njani ukoyisa kunokuba buhlungu xa kufuneka kube njalo. ” UVirgil wayeyiqonda imfuneko yokuzuza kwiingenelo zoxolo. Umkhosi wamaRoma, ukuba abaphathi bawo bajonge i-Iraq namhlanje, uShotter wongeze kancinci, "ngekufumene le ndawo ikwimeko engamkelekanga".
Kakade ke, amaRoma akazange arhoxe. Abazange "bagawule kwaye babaleke" kwaye, xa babekhe batyelelwa sisibetho esifana ne-al-Qa'ida eBhithiniya (kwiTurkey yanamhlanje) apho yonke indoda yaseRoma, umfazi kunye nomntwana wachithwa, babethelela iintshaba zabo. ekubhangisweni. Amalungelo abantu ayengazi milinganiselo kwiRoma yamandulo. Igumbi lentuthumbo laliyinxalenye yempucuko yamaRoma. Umnqamlezo wawungumfuziselo wamandla.
Yintoni ke eyehlise? Ubuqhophololo, kunjalo. Kwaye ke, ekugqibeleni, amaGoth, amaOstrogoth kunye namaVisigoth afika eRoma. Kude kufuphi nalapho ndibhala khona le ngxelo, usenokufumana iingqekembe eziluhlaza, ezitshisiweyo – isestertii – zikrolwe kumatye emarike yaseRoma xa zithe zatshiswa ngomlilo ngelo xesha xa “ezinye” – “umphambukeli. "Umkhosi, abo bangazange bamkele "imilinganiselo" yamaRoma - bafika kwiforum ngokukhawuleza abarhwebi abazange babe nexesha lokuvala ivenkile.
Ngale ntsasa, ndiza kubuyela emva ndize ndijonge ezo ngqekembe zitshileyo kwakhona. Kodwa kufuneka ndizibuze ukuba ngaba "abanqolobi" - iGoths, Ostrogoths kunye neVisigoths - baya kumiswa e-Iraq. Okanye nokuba, mhlawumbi, sele behlala eWashington, beqhekeza ubukhosi babo ngaphakathi. Ndiyakrokrela ukuba uMalcolm Willcock, oyena mRoma ubalaseleyo kubo bonke, angavuma.
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Nikela