Unjingalwazi uNoam Chomsky yiNjingalwazi yeZiko kunye noNjingalwazi (Emeritus) kwiSebe leeLinguistics & Philosophy eMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Wafundiswa kwiDyunivesithi yasePhiladelphia nakwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard njengoMlingane weHarvard Junior. Ufumene iPhD yakhe kwiiLinguistics kwiYunivesithi yasePhiladelphia ngo-1955. Uchithe iminyaka eyi-57 ukususela ngoko efundisa eMIT. Ukongeza kumsebenzi wakhe wezemfundo kwizifundo zeelwimi, uNjingalwazi Chomsky uye waba ngumlweli wezopolitiko owaziwayo kunye nentanda-bulumko, wafumana ukuqondwa kwilizwe lonke ngo-1967 ngenxa yokuchasa kwakhe iMfazwe yaseVietnam kwaye ukusukela ngoko uye wathetha rhoqo ngokuchasene nemigaqo-nkqubo yase-US yangaphandle neyasekhaya kunye nemithombo yeendaba yaseMelika. . Phakathi komsebenzi wakhe wezemfundo kunye nomsebenzi wakhe njengetshantliziyo lezopolitiko kunye nomchasi, upapashe iincwadi ezingaphezu kwe-100. Ngobusuku bangaphambi konyulo lukamongameli wase-US ka-2012, waxoxa no-Eric Bailey we-Toture Magazine yaseMelika ngamalungelo oluntu phantsi kolawulo lukaMongameli Obama kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokungenelela emkhosini ebone ukwanda kokusetyenziswa ngexesha le-Arab Spring.
EB: Ulonyulo lukamongameli wase-US sele lusondele kuthi kwaye iminyaka emine edlulileyo ibone utshintsho olubalulekileyo kumgaqo-nkqubo we-American Federal ngokubhekiselele kumalungelo oluntu. Omnye wemizekelo embalwa yentsebenziswano phakathi kwamaQela eDemokhrasi kunye neRiphabhlikhi kule minyaka mine idlulileyo ibe kukupasiswa koMthetho wokuGunyanyiswa koKhuseleko lweSizwe (NDAA) ka-2012. Lo mthetho oyilwayo unike umkhosi wase-United States amandla okubamba abemi baseMelika, ngokungenammiselo. , ngaphandle kwentlawulo, ityala, okanye naluphi na olunye uhlobo lwenkqubo efanelekileyo yomthetho kunye noLawulo luka-Obama kwaye luyaqhubeka nokulwa idabi lomthetho kwiNkundla ye-Federal ukuthintela loo mthetho ukuba ubhengezwe ngokungahambisani nomgaqo-siseko. U-Obama ugunyazise ukubulawa kwabemi abathathu baseMelika, kubandakanya u-Anwar al-Awlaki kunye nonyana wakhe oneminyaka eli-16 ubudala, ngokuqinisekileyo onke amalungu e-Al Qaeda, - onke ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwenkundla. Ukongezelela, intolongo yaseGuantanamo Bay ihlala ivulekile, i-Patriot Act yandisiwe, kwaye i-TSA iye yanda ngesantya esiphezulu. Uthini umbono wakho ngerekhodi lamalungelo oluntu eMelika kule minyaka mine idlulileyo kwaye ngaba ungathelekisa imigaqo-nkqubo ka-Obama naleyo yomanduleli wakhe, uGeorge W. Bush?
NC: Imigaqo-nkqubo ka-Obama iphantse yafana nekaBush, nangona bekukho umahluko omncinci, kodwa ayothusi kakhulu loo nto. Iidemokhrasi zazixhasa imigaqo-nkqubo kaBush. Kwakukho inkcaso ethile kwizizathu ezininzi, kodwa ubukhulu becala, babeyixhasa imigaqo-nkqubo yakhe kwaye ayimangalisi into yokuba baye baqhubeka besenza njalo. Kwezinye iinkalo u-Obama uye wahamba nangaphaya kukaBush. I-NDAA, oyichazile, ayizange iqalwe ngu-Obama, (xa idlula iCongress, wathi akazange ayivume kwaye akayi kuyenza) kodwa nangona kunjalo wayisayina ibe ngumthetho kwaye akazange ayiveto. Yatyhalwa ngookhetshe, kuquka uJoe Lieberman nabanye. Enyanisweni, akuzange kubekho utshintsho olungako. Eyona nto imbi ye-NDAA kukuba idibanise - okanye ifakwe emthethweni - into ebisele iyinto eqhelekileyo. Iinkqubo azizange zohluke kakhulu. Elona candelo lifumene ingqalelo yoluntu yile uyichazile, inxalenye evumela ukuvalelwa kwabemi baseMelika ngokungenasiphelo, kodwa kutheni uvumela ukuvalelwa kwakhe nabani na? Kukwaphulwa okugqithisileyo kwamalungelo oluntu asisiseko kunye nomthetho woluntu, ubuyela eMagna Carta kwi-13.th Inkulungwane, luhlaselo oluqatha kakhulu kumalungelo oluntu asisiseko, phantsi kukaBush naphantsi kuka-Obama. Ibipartisan!
Ngokuphathelele ukubulawa, u-Obama unyuse kakhulu iphulo lokubulala ihlabathi. Ngelixa yaqalwa nguBush, iye yanda phantsi kuka-Obama kwaye ibandakanya abemi baseMelika, kwakhona ngenkxaso ye-bipartisan kunye nokugxekwa okuncinci ngaphandle kokugxekwa okuncinci kuba yayingumMelika. Kodwa kwakhona, kutheni kufuneka ube nelungelo lokubulala nabani na? Ngokomzekelo, masithi i-Iran yayibulala amalungu eNkongolo awayefuna ukuhlaselwa kwe-Iran. Ngaba siya kucinga ukuba kulungile? Oko kuya kulunga ngakumbi, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo siya kuyibona njengesenzo semfazwe. Owona mbuzo ngulo, kutheni ubulala nabani na? Urhulumente uyibeke yacaca into yokuba ukubulawa kwabantu kuvunywe ngu-Obama buqu kwaye iindlela zokubulala zibuthathaka kakhulu. Ukuba iqela lamadoda libonwa kwindawo ethile yi-drone, yithi, ilayisha into kwilori, kwaye kukho ukukrokrela ukuba mhlawumbi bangabavukeli, kulungile ukubabulala kwaye bathathwa njengabanetyala ngaphandle kokuba, emva koko, bona. babonakala bemsulwa. Lawo ngamazwi asetyenziswa yi-United States kwaye kukunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu asisiseko kangangokuba awukwazi ukuthetha ngawo.
Umbuzo wenkqubo efanelekileyo uye wavela, kuba i-US inomgaqo-siseko kwaye ithi akukho mntu uya kuhluthwa amalungelo akhe ngaphandle kwenkqubo yomthetho - kwakhona, oku kubuyela kwi-13th Century England - ngoko kwaphakama umbuzo, " Kuthekani ngenkqubo efunekayo?” IGqwetha Jikelele leSebe lezoBulungisa lika-Obama, u-Eric Holder, wachaza ukuba kukho inkqubo efanelekileyo kula matyala kuba axoxwa kuqala kwiSebe eliLawulayo. Ayingomdlalo umbi lowo! Ookumkani baseBhritane ukusuka kwi-13th Century babeza kuqhwaba izandla. "Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba siyathetha ngayo, yinkqubo efanelekileyo." Kwaye oko, kwakhona, kwadlula ngaphandle kwempikiswano.
Enyanisweni, sinokubuza umbuzo ofanayo malunga nokubulawa kuka-Osama Bin Laden. Qaphela ukuba ndisebenzisa igama elithi "ukubulala". Xa imikhosi ye-elite exhobe kakhulu ibambe umrhanelwa, engaxhobanga kwaye engakwazi ukuzikhusela, ekhatshwa ngabafazi bakhe, aze amdubule, ambulale, alahle umzimba wakhe elwandle ngaphandle kokuxilongwa kwesidumbu, oko kukubulala ukucheba. Kwakhona qaphela ukuba ndithe "umrhanelwa". Isizathu kungenxa yomnye umgaqo womthetho, obuyela emva kwiNkulungwane ye-13 - ukuba umntu uthathwa njengomsulwa ade afunyanwe enetyala. Ngaphambi koko, ungumrhanelwa. Kwimeko ka-Osama Bin Laden, iUnited States yayingakaze immangalele ngokusemthethweni nge-9/11 kwaye inxalenye yesizathu kukuba babengazi ukuba wayenoxanduva. Enyanisweni, kwiinyanga ezisibhozo emva kwe-9/11 kwaye emva kophando olunzima kakhulu kwimbali, i-FBI yachaza ukuba ikrokrela ukuba iyelenqe le-9/11 laqanduselwa e-Afghanistan, (akazange athethe iBin Laden) kwaye yaphunyezwa kwi-United Arab. Emirates, eJamani, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo iUnited States. Ziinyanga ezisibhozo emva kohlaselo kwaye akukho nto ibambekayo abayifundileyo ukusukela ngoko eyenza ngaphezu kokwandisa ukurhaneleka. Eyam ingqikelelo yeyokuba ukukrokrelana phantse kuchanekile, kodwa kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kokuba nenkolelo eqinisekileyo kunye nokubonisa umntu ukuba unetyala. Kwaye nokuba unetyala, wayefanele ukubanjwa aze asiwe enkundleni. Lowo ngumthetho waseBritane nowaseMelika obuyela emva kwiinkulungwane ezisibhozo. Akafanelanga ukuba abulawe kwaye umzimba wakhe ulahlwe ngaphandle kwe-autopsy, kodwa inkxaso yale nto iphantse yafikelela kwindalo yonke. Ngokwenyani, ndibhale elinye lamanqaku ambalwa agxekayo kwaye inqaku lam lagxekwa ngokukrakra ngabahlalutyi kumacala onke, kubandakanya noKhohlo, kuba ukubulawa kwakucacile, kuba sasikrokrela ukuba usenze ulwaphulo-mthetho. Kwaye oko kukuxelela into malunga nokubalulekileyo, ndingathi, "ukuwohloka kokuziphatha" okuqhubeka kuyo yonke iklasi yengqondo. Kwaye ewe, u-Obama uqhubekile nale nto kwaye ngandlela thile wayandisa, kodwa ayimangalisi.
Ukubola kunzulu kakhulu kunoko.
EB: Sele kudlule nje iminyaka eli-10 ukususela ekupapashweni koLawulo lwaseBush “iiMemo zeNtuthumbo”. Ezi memos zibonelela ngezizathu ezisemthethweni zokungcungcuthekiswa kwamabanjwa agcinwe yiCIA malunga ne "War on Terror." Imixholo yeememo iyothusa kwaye idale ingxoxo entsha malunga nentuthumbo kumazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphandle kwazo zonke izithembiso ezinikwe nguMongameli Obama zokuvala ezo ndawo zokuvalela ezingekho mthethweni, kubonakala ngathi imisebenzi "yendawo emnyama" isenzeka. Zithini iimbono zakho kula maziko ogcino kunye nokuthuthunjiswa kweCIA? Kwakhona, ucinga ntoni ngesithembiso sika-Obama sohlaziyo lweCIA ngo-2008 kwaye ubunyani bobongameli bakhe budibene njani kwezo zithembiso?
NC: Kubekho imiyalelo kamongameli evakalisa ukungamkelwa kwezona ndlela zigqithisileyo zentuthumbo, kodwa iBagram ihlala ivulekile kwaye ingahlolwa. Le yeyona nto imbi kakhulu eAfghanistan. I-Guantanamo isavuliwe, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba kuthuthukiswe kakhulu eGuantanamo. Kukho nje uhlolo oluninzi. Kukho amagqwetha asemkhosini akhoyo kunye nobungqina obuphuma rhoqo ngoko ndiyakrokrela ukuba ayililo igumbi lentuthumbo, kodwa ligumbi lokuvalelwa elingekho mthethweni, kunye noBagram kwaye ngubani owaziyo ukuba bangaphi abanye abasasebenza. Unikezelo alubonakali luqhubeleka kwinqanaba ebelisenza ngalo, kodwa sele kude kube mva nje.
I-Rendition ithumela abantu phesheya ukuba bathuthunjiswe. Ngokwenyani, oko kuthintelwe ngokunjalo yiMagna Carta - isiseko somthetho wase-Anglo-American. Kuthintelwe ngokucacileyo ukuthumela umntu ngaphaya kolwandle ukuba ohlwaywe kwaye athuthunjiswe. Akwenziwa nje yi-United States, nayo. Yenziwa kulo lonke elaseNtshona Yurophu. IBritani iye yathatha inxaxheba kuyo. ISweden ithathe inxaxheba. Sesinye sezizathu ezininzi zeenkxalabo malunga nokuthunyelwa kukaJulian Assange eSweden. ICanada iye yabandakanyeka njengoko kwakunjalo eIreland, kodwa kwityala laseIreland yayiyenye yeendawo ezimbalwa apho kwakukho uqhanqalazo oluxhaphakileyo oluchasene nokuvumela iSikhululo seenqwelomoya saseShannon ukuba sisetyenziselwe ukufundiswa kweCIA. Kumazwe amaninzi kuye kwakho uqhanqalazo oluncinane kakhulu okanye akukho nalinye ilizwi. Andazi ukuba kukho naziphi na iimeko zamva nje mhlawumbi loo mgaqo-nkqubo awusasetyenziswa, kodwa ayizukundothusa ukuba isasebenza.
I-EB: Ukuhamba ngaphaya kwe-US, i-Middle East isoloko ixhaphake ngokuphathwa kakubi kwamalungelo abantu, kodwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-Arab Spring kuye kwaqinisa ukuxhatshazwa okunjalo kumazwe amaninzi. Ngelixa oozwilakhe baseTunisia naseYiputa babhukuqwa ngaphandle kokubhenela kwimfazwe yamakhaya, amazwe afana neLibya, iSyria, neYemen abone umlo onzima. Kwinxalenye yaseMelika kunye ne-NATO, kuye kwakho olunye ungenelelo lomkhosi kunye neMfazwe yamakhaya yaseLibya kwaye yinkani yeRussia neTshayina kuphela ethintele ungenelelo olufanayo eSyria. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, imikhosi yabavukeli icele, yade yacenga, uncedo lwaseMelika naseYurophu kwiinzame zabo zemfazwe, kodwa babonakalise ukuba abanamdla kwaphela ekuxoxweni thethwano kunye neentshaba zabo ezingoozwilakhe, nangona uncedo lwangaphandle lungekho. Yintoni oyithathayo kungenelelo lomkhosi, zombini ungenelelo olwenzeka eLibya kunye nolubizelwa eSyria? Ngaba kufanelekile ukuba kuthunyelwe iTexans kunye neLouisianans ngendlela eyingozi yokulwa kwiingxabano zangaphakathi zaseLibya namaSiriya? Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ngaba ukwala ukungenelela kunokuba sesikweni xa zonke izixeko, ezinjengeMisrata, iBenghazi, iAleppo neHoms zazisongelwa ngentshabalalo epheleyo yaye amashumi amawaka abemi bebulawa?
NC: Ke, makhe siqale ngeSyria. Inye into endingavumelaniyo nayo kule nto uyithethileyo kukuba ndiyathandabuza kakhulu ukuba iRussia neTshayina zinento yokwenza nokungabikho kwe-US okanye ungenelelo lomkhosi waseNtshona eSyria. Enyanisweni ukukrokra kwam ngamandla kukuba iUnited States, iBritane, kunye neFransi zamkele i-veto yaseRashiya kuba oko kwabanika isizathu sokungenzi nto. Ngoku banokuthi, “Singenza nantoni na? Abantu baseRashiya namaTshayina baye bayiphikisa le nto!” Enyanisweni, ukuba babefuna ukungenelela, babengenakukhathalela enye indlela okanye enye malunga ne-veto yaseRashiya okanye yaseTshayina. Oko kucace gca kwimbali, kodwa abafuni kungenelela kwaye abafuni kungenelela ngoku. Amaziko omyalelo weqhinga lomkhosi kunye nobukrelekrele achasene kakhulu nawo. Abanye bayayichasa ngenxa yobugcisa, umkhosi, izizathu kunye nabanye ngenxa yokuba ababoni nabani na abanokuxhasa kwizinto zabo. Abayithandi ngokukhethekileyo uAssad, nangona wayengaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ehambelana neemfuno ze-US kunye namaSirayeli, kodwa abayithandi inkcaso nokuba, ngokukodwa izinto zabo zobuSilamsi, ngoko bakhetha ukuhlala kwimigca yecala. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba uSirayeli akenzi nto. Bekungayi kufuneka benze okuninzi. USirayeli wayenokudibanisa ngokulula imikhosi kwiGolan Heights (ummandla waseSyria owathi uSirayeli wawuthimbe ngokungekho mthethweni). Banokuhlanganisa imikhosi apho, emalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-40 ukusuka eDamasko, eya kunyanzela u-Assad ukuba athumele imikhosi yasemkhosini emdeni, ebatsalela kude neendawo apho abavukeli basebenza khona. Ke oko kuya kuba yinkxaso ethe ngqo kubavukeli, kodwa ngaphandle kokudubula kwaye ngaphandle kokuwela umda.
Kodwa akukho nto ithethwayo ngayo kwaye ndicinga ukuba oko kubonisa ukuba u-Israel, iUnited States, kunye namahlakani abo abafuni nje ukuthatha amanyathelo aya kujongela phantsi ulawulo, ngenxa nje yokuzingca. Akukho mdla wobuntu ubandakanyekayo.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiLibya, kufuneka silumke kancinane, kuba kwakukho iindlela ezimbini zokungenelela eLibya. Eyokuqala yayiphantsi kweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo. Eso siSigqibo seZizwe eziManyeneyo sika-1973. Eso sigqibo sasifuna indawo ekungaphephekiyo kuyo, kupheliswe imfazwe, kuqaliswe uthethathethwano nozakuzo.
EB: Leyo yayingenelelo apho ulungelelwaniso lwathiwa luthintelo lokutshatyalaliswa kweBenghazi?
NC: Ewe, asazi ukuba i-Benghazi yayiza kutshatyalaliswa, kodwa yabizwa ukukhusela ukuhlaselwa okunokwenzeka kwi-Benghazi. Ungaxoxa ukuba lunokwenzeka kangakanani na uhlaselo, kodwa ngokobuqu, ndavakalelwa kukuba oko kusemthethweni - ukuzama ukunqanda ubungendawo obunokwenzeka. Noko ke, olo ngenelelo lwathabatha malunga nemizuzu emihlanu. Phantse kwangoko, amagunya e-NATO (iFransi neBritane ekhokelayo kunye ne-United States ilandelayo) yasophula isisombululo, ngokugqithisileyo, kwaye yaba ngumkhosi womoya wabavukeli. Akukho nto kwisigqibo eyayithethelela oko. Yayifuna “onke amanyathelo ayimfuneko” ukukhusela abantu, kodwa kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kokukhusela abemi nokuba ngumkhosi womoya wabavukeli.
Mhlawumbi bekufanele ukuba sixhasa imikhosi evukelayo. Lo ngumbuzo owahlukileyo, kodwa oku kwakuchasene ngokucacileyo nesisombululo. Ngokuqinisekileyo ayenziwanga ngenxa yokunqongophala kolunye ukhetho. UGaddafi wanikezela ngokupheliswa kokudubula. Nokuba ebethetha okanye ebengathethi, akukho mntu waziyo, kuba yakhatywa kwangoko.
Ngokuzenzekelayo, esi sivumelwano sachaswa ngokukrakra luninzi lwehlabathi. Phantse kwakungekho nkxaso yalo. I-African Union (i-Libya, emva kwayo yonke into, ilizwe lase-Afrika) yayichasa kakhulu, ngoko nangoko, yabiza ukuba kupheliswe, kwaye yade yacebisa ukuqaliswa kwemikhosi ye-African Union ukuzama ukunciphisa ungquzulwano.
Amazwe eBRICS, awona mazwe abalulekileyo kumazwe asakhasayo, (iBrazil, iRussia, iIndiya, iChina, noMzantsi Afrika) ayenenkomfa ngelo xesha kwaye ayechasa ngamandla ungenelelo lweNATO kwaye amemelela ukuba kuhanjwe ngezozakuzo, uthethathethwano. kunye nokupheliswa kokudubula. I-Egypt, ebumelwaneni, ayizange ithathe inxaxheba. KwiNATO, iJamani yala ukuba nenxaxheba. I-Itali yalile nayo, ekuqaleni, nangona kamva bajoyina ungenelelo. I-Turkey yazibamba. Kamva bathelela, kodwa ekuqaleni baluchasa ukungenelela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, yayiphantse yalicala elinye. Yayingamagunya obukhosi angokwesithethe (iFransi, iBritani, neUnited States) awangenelelayo.
Enyanisweni yakhokelela kwintlekele yoluntu. Mhlawumbi bekuya kwenzeka, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo kukhokelele kuloo nto, ngakumbi ekugqibeleni ngokuhlaselwa kwe-BaniWalid kunye ne-Sirte, i-pro-Gadaffi yokugqibela. Baliziko eliphambili lesizwe esikhulu saseLibya, isizwe saseWarfalla. ILibya lilizwe elahlulelene kakhulu, sisizwe esikhulu, kwaye eli yayiliziko labo lasekhaya. Abaninzi kubo babebuhlungu kakhulu ngaloo nto. Ngaba ibinokusonjululwa ngezozakuzo kunye nothethathethwano ngendlela iManyano ye-Afrika kunye namazwe e-BRICS acebise ngayo? Asazi.
Kukwafanelekile ukuqaphela ukuba iQela leNgxaki yaMazwe ngaMazwe, eyona nto iphambili, engeyiyo ekarhulumente ejongana nongquzulwano oluqhubekayo kunye neentlekele kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye ihlonitshwa kakhulu, ungenelelo oluchasiweyo nalo. Baluxhasa ngamandla uthethwano kunye nediplomacy. Nangona kunjalo, iManyano ye-Afrika kunye nezikhundla zabanye zazingachazwanga kangako eNtshona. Ngubani oyikhathaleleyo into abayithethayo? Phofu ukuba bekuxelwa kwaphela, bebejongelwe phantsi kuba la mazwe ebenobudlelwane obusondeleyo noGaddafi. Enyanisweni, benjenjalo, kodwa benjenjalo iBritani neUnited States de kwasekupheleni.
Nakweyiphi na imeko, ungenelelo lwenzekile kwaye ngoku umntu unethemba lokungcono, kodwa ayingomfanekiso mhle kakhulu. Unokufunda i-akhawunti yalo kwiphepha langoku le-London Review of Books ngu-Hugh Roberts, owayekho, ngelo xesha, uMlawuli waseMntla Afrika weQela le-International Crisis Group kunye nengcali kulo mmandla. Uchasile ungenelelo kwaye wachaza isiphumo njengesiphithiphithi esingenathemba esithoba ithemba lokunyuka kohlobo olunengqiqo, lwedemokhrasi, lobuzwe.
Ngoko ke loo nto yayingentle kangako, kodwa kuthekani ngamanye amazwe? Ewe, amazwe abaluleke kakhulu eUnited States naseNtshona, ngokubanzi, ngoozwilakhe be-oyile kwaye bahlala bezinzile. Kwakukho iinzame zokuzama ukujoyina i-Arab Spring, kodwa batyunyuzwa, kabuhlungu kakhulu, kungekho negama elivela kumagunya aseNtshona. Ngamanye amaxesha kwakunobundlobongela, njengakwimpuma yeSaudi Arabia naseBahrain, eyayiziindawo zamaShiite, ubukhulu becala, kodwa oko kwakhokelela ekubeni kubanjwe impompo esihlahleni ngamagunya aseNtshona. Ngokucacileyo babefuna ukuba kuhlale oozwilakhe beoli. Elo liziko lamandla abo.
ETunisia, eyayinempembelelo enkulu yamaFrentshi, amaFrentshi axhasa ulawulo lobuzwilakhe de kwasekupheleni. Enyanisweni, bebesayixhasa nasemva koqhanqalazo olwalugqugqisile elizweni. Ekugqibeleni, ngomzuzwana wokugqibela, bavuma ukuba uzwilakhe abamthandayo kwakufuneka ahambe. E-Egypt, apho iUnited States neBritani yayiyeyona mpembelelo iphambili, kwakunjalo. U-Obama wamxhasa uzwilakhe u-Mubarak de kwaba ngumzuzu wokugqibela - de umkhosi wamjikela. Kwaba nzima ukumxhasa kwakhona ngoko bambongoza ukuba ahambe kwaye enze utshintsho kwindlela efanayo.
Yonke loo nto yinto eqhelekileyo. Leyo yinkqubo yokusebenza eqhelekileyo yokujongana nemeko apho uzwilakhe omthandayo engena engxakini. Kukho ityala emva kwetyala elinjalo. Into oyenzayo kuloo meko kukuxhasa uzwilakhe kude kube sekupheleni, nokuba ukhohlakele kwaye unegazi kangakanani na. Emva koko xa kungenakwenzeka, yithi ngenxa yokuba umkhosi okanye iiklasi zoshishino ziye zamjikela, emva koko umkhulule kwindawo ethile, (ngamanye amaxesha enesiqingatha semali karhulumente epokothweni yakhe) ukuvakalisa uthando lwakho ngedemokhrasi, kwaye uzame ukubuyisela inkqubo endala. Yinto entle kakhulu le yenzeka eYiputa.
UEric Bailey ubhalela iNtuthuko: I-Asian kunye ne-Global Perspectives, iphephancwadi eliprintiweyo kunye ne-intanethi epapashwe yiKomishoni yamaLungelo oLuntu yaseAsia esekelwe eHong Kong kunye neDanish Institute Against Torture (DIGNITY) eDenmark. Intuthumbo: Iimbono zaseAsia kunye neGlobal Global linyathelo elitsha eligxile ekuthuthunjisweni nakwimiba enxulumene nalo kwihlabathi liphela. Ababhali abanomdla wokuba uphando lwabo ngalo mbandela lupapashwe, banokungenisa amanqaku abo ku: [imeyile ikhuselwe]
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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