[Cofa udliwano-ndlebe olulungiselela ukufika eArgentina kuhambo lwalapho, ukuya eVenezuela, naseMexico, ukuze ufunde ngeziganeko ezenzeka kulo lonke elaseLatin America.]
- Nceda ushwankathele ingxabano yeParecon?
Amaziko ezoqoqosho ngokweempembelelo zawo kubavelisi kunye nabathengi adibanisa kwaye acinezela izenzo zethu kunye nokunokwenzeka. Iindawo zokusebenza, izenzo zokusetyenziswa, kunye neentengiselwano zemveliso yotshintshiselwano okanye ukukhanyela amaxabiso esinqwenelela wona. Amaziko ezoqoqosho anyanzelisa okanye aphelise iyantlukwano ephakamisa abanye abantu ize ijongele phantsi abanye.
Ukuba sinqwenela ukuba abantu bakhathalelane kunokuba abafana abalungileyo bagqibe okokugqibela, ukuba abantu bafanele babe noluhlu olubanzi lokuzikhethela kunokuba bahlupheke kwi-homogenization yenkcubeko, ukuba abantu babe nesabelo esifanelekileyo semveliso yentlalo kunokuba abanye babe zizityebi kunookumkani kwaye abanye bahlwempuzekileyo kunamahlwempu, kwaye abantu kufuneka balawule ubomi babo ngokudibeneyo endaweni yokuba baphathwe kwaye babe nomthwalo kwaye kufuneka babe nazo zonke ezi zibonelelo kwihlabathi elihlonipha ummiselo we-ecology endaweni yokuphulwa kokusinda - emva koko kufuneka sikhethe iindlela zokuvelisa, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nolwabiwo oluqhubela phambili iminqweno yethu elungileyo, endaweni yamaziko, njengoko sinyamezele ngoku, angaphantsi kweminqweno yethu.
Ukwakha kuloo ngqiqo, i-parecon ngumbono woqoqosho olutsha endaweni yobungxowankulu. Iyabukhaba ubunini babucala bee-asethi ezinemveliso, ukuthathwa kwezigqibo ngokoluhlu lwemigangatho, izahlulo zabasebenzi, imivuzo yamandla okanye imveliso, kunye nolwabiwo lwemarike. Endaweni yoko ibonelela ngoxanduva oluhlangeneyo kunye nabantu abazilawulayo bethetha kwizigqibo ngokomlinganiselo njengoko zichatshazelwa zizo, iindawo zemisebenzi ezilungeleleneyo apho sonke sinemisebenzi exhobisayo ngokuthelekisayo, umvuzo wexesha, ubunzulu, kunye nobunzima bomsebenzi, kunye nentsebenziswano. uthethathethwano lwee-ajenda zoqoqosho ezibizwa ngokuba kucwangciso lokuthatha inxaxheba.
I-Parecon ithatha indawo yomgaqo weklasi kunye nokungabi naklasi. Iqhubela phambili endaweni yokutshabalalisa ubumbano, iyantlukwano, ubulungisa, ukuzilawula, kunye nozinzo.
-Kutheni ucinga ukuba kububuchule ukufumana indlela yokwenza izigqibo ngokuhlangeneyo, ngokwedemokhrasi?
Kum ukuba nobuchule kuthetha ukuba yinxalenye yokufikelela kwiinjongo zethu zexesha elide. Ukuba oko kuyintsingiselo yethu yokuba sisicwangciso, ukufuna idemokhrasi epheleleyo yentlanganisela bubuchule kuba iinjongo zethu zexesha elide ziquka ukuba abantu kufuneka babe nempembelelo yokwenziwa kwezigqibo ngokomlinganiselo, kwimeko nganye, njengoko bechatshazelwa ziziphumo. Ukufikelela olona sukelo lufanelekileyo lwe-parecon lubiza ukuzilawula, kufuneka sibandakanye uqikelelo oluthe kratya lokuthatha inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo, kwidemokhrasi kwiinzame zethu zangoku kuba kufuneka sifunde intsingiselo yokuzilawula kunye neecontours, kufuneka sibe nobuchule kuyo, kwaye kufuneka bonisa ukuba iyasebenza ukunceda ukuvuselela umnqweno wayo.
Beka ngendlela echaseneyo, endaweni yokwenza izigqibo kwiiprojekthi zethu eziphinda zivelise uluhlu lwabalawuli abangoozwilakhe kuqinisekisa ukuba nokuba siphumelele utshintsho luya kusiqhubela kwiinkqubo ezintsha zolawulo, hayi kwinkululeko yokuzimela yodwa esiyifunayo.
-Ngaba kukho naziphi na izifundo ezilungileyo ezinokufundwa kwisithethe somanyano kunye nolungiselelo lwabafundi?
Zonke izifundo zilungile, nokuba zezefom ziphephe le seti yokhetho xa zithelekiswa nokuba zezohlobo funa iiseti zokhetho. Ewe kukho izifundo ezikhulu zazo zonke iintlobo kuzo zonke iinzame zangaphambili, ukusuka ekubalulekeni kokubini kwabasebenzi kunye nolutsha kumandla, ukuyila, kunye nokulwa nokuxhathisa, ukuya ekusebenzeni okanye ukungabikho kokusebenza kweendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Mhlawumbi esona sifundo sikhulu solu hlobo lwamva, ngokuhambelana nombuzo wakho wokugqibela, sesosidingo sokuzibandakanya kwizenzo zethu zangoku zembewu yekamva - kokubini kwisimo, kwiimbono, kwizinto ezixabisekileyo, kunye nokwakheka kombutho kunye neendima. Umzekelo, ukuba sifuna ukungabi naklasi kwixesha elizayo, iintshukumo zethu akufanele ziphakamise abanye abadlali bezoqoqosho - endibabiza ngokuba yiklasi yomququzeleli - ngaphezu kwabanye, abaziwa ngokufanelekileyo njengabasebenzi.
-Yintoni oyaziyo malunga neentshukumo zentlalo zase-Argentina?
Ncnci kakhulu. Ndiyeza kufunda. Ndiyazi, nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-US kunye neentshukumo zayo, malunga noqoqosho lwayo kunye neentshukumo zentlalo, malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo wayo wangaphandle kunye nentshukumo echasene nemfazwe, malunga neendaba zayo kunye nemithombo yeendaba, malunga neenkokheli zayo kunye nabemi. Ndikwacinga ukuba ndiyazi into malunga nombono wezoqoqosho kunye neziphumo ezinxulumene nesicwangciso.
-Nceda wabelane nathi ngeengcinga ezithile malunga neentshukumo ze-antiglobalization e-US?
Kukho ngokombono wam iingxaki ezinzima kunye nezinto ezinokwenzeka kwi-US Iingxaki azibandakanyi nje ukukhula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwephiko lentshukumo yasekunene - ngokwenyani i-fundamentalist - kodwa nabantu abancinci abapholileyo, kunye nokugxeka okubulalayo kuluntu kunye naphakathi kwabo baqhubekayo ngokwabo. Into engekhoyo, ndicinga ukuba, ngumbono onyanzelisayo kunye nesicwangciso.
Amandla okuba nethemba ngakumbi anento yokwenza nezinto esinazo, kwelinye icala, kunye nokwamkelwa kwenani elikhulu labemi ukuba sinokuzisa kubo umyalezo ofanele ukuviwa. Inkqubela phambili e-US ke ngoko ixhomekeke, kakhulu, ekoyiseni ukusilela kwentshukumo, ndiyakholwa. Iintshukumo zethu, ukulwa nokudityaniswa kwehlabathi phakathi kwabanye, akukhuthazi ukubandakanyeka okuqhubekayo. Abawagcini amalungu kwaye benza nzulu ukuzibophelela kunye nesigqibo sabo. Ndicinga ukuba le, eneneni, yingxaki yehlabathi, ethwaxa phantse ilizwe ngalinye, inxalenye enkulu ngezizathu ezifanayo. Lawo ngamava am okuhamba kwindawo ebanzi, nangayiphi na indlela.
Akunjalo, ngamafutshane, ukuba abantu abayazi ingcinezelo. Abantu bayazi, ngamanye amaxesha ngokucacileyo nangokuziqonda, ngokufuthi ezantsi emathanjeni nasemiphefumloni yabo, ukuba uluntu lungoothixo bobugxwayiba. Kukuba abantu bayathandabuza ukuba nantoni na ephucukileyo ngokwenkqubo inokwenzeka, okanye kukho nayiphi na indlela yokufikelela ngcono. Izigulo zasentlalweni zijongwa njengokuguga okanye ubunzima. Zibonwa njengezingenakuphepheka. Ukulwa nawo kujongwa njengomsebenzi wesidenge, njengamatye aqengqelekayo anyuke induli aze atyunyuzwe xa loo matye ekugqibeleni ehlehla.
Abantu abathandabuzi ukuba kukho iingxaki zentlalo. Abantu bayayazi intlupheko, ubuhlanga, ucalucalulo ngokwesini, ukwahlukaniswa, ukufuna inzuzo, kunye neemfazwe zasebukhosini ubuncinci bunciphisa ubomi kwaye ubukhulu becala bubachitha kakubi. Kodwa abantu bayathandabuza ukusebenza kokuchasa kuncinci kakhulu kwiminqweno elungileyo.
Kubantu abaninzi ukungabikho kokusesikweni kujongwa njengokwaluphala. Iyasinciphisa, iyasibulala, kodwa kufuneka siqhubeke nobomi bethu kangangoko sinako. Asizakhi iintshukumo zokuphelisa ukwaluphala kwaye uninzi lwabantu luvakalelwa kukuba alunathemba nje lokwakha iintshukumo zokuphelisa intswela-bulungisa ekuhlaleni.
Bayazi ukuba ukwaluphala kubuhlungu. Bacinga, ngokufanelekileyo, ukuba iintshukumo azinamsebenzi ekwaluphaleni kwaye azinakufuna ukumodareyithwa kwakho okanye ziphumeze ukupheliswa kwazo. Ukuba uthi, yiza ujoyine intshukumo echasene nokwaluphala, basuka bakuhleke baze babuyele kubomi babo. Bayazi intswela-bulungisa ekuhlaleni ibuhlungu. Bacinga, ngokungalunganga, ukuba iintshukumo azinanxaxheba kwintswelo-bulungisa yentlalo kwaye ayinakukufuna ukumodareyithwa okanye ukuphumeza ukupheliswa kwayo.
Ukuba uthi yiza undijoyine kumbutho wentlalontle ochasene nentlupheko, imfazwe, ucalucalulo ngokwesini, ubuhlanga, ngakumbi ubungxowankulu, basuka bakuhleke babuyele ebomini babo. Iintshukumo aziyilungisi ngokwaneleyo le ngxaki ingundoqo kwiingqondo zabantu. Sixelela abantu into abayaziyo, yonke into yaphukile kwaye inkqubo inamandla amakhulu. Asibaxeleli ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo elunge ngakumbi enokwenzeka nokuba izenzo zabo zinokubanceda njani ukuba bayifumane. Olu tywala lunceda ngokuhlekisayo ngesamente, hayi ukoyisa.
-Buyintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kweZ Net kunye nezo ntshukumo (kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwaye ngoku)?
I-ZNet ibonelela ngolwazi kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba esinokulufumana kubabhali bethu - uninzi lwabo ababandakanyeka nzulu kuzo zonke iintlobo zeentshukumo kwihlabathi jikelele - umbono kunye neqhinga, ngokunjalo. I-ZNet ayisiyongalo esemthethweni okanye i-arhente yayo nayiphi na intshukumo ethile kodwa sizama ukunxulumana, iimfuno zokuva kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kangangoko sinakho, kwaye imiyalezo yemidiya ifanelekile, inika iimpendulo. Sizama ukunceda ngokulungelelanisa ngazo zonke iindlela esinazo.
-Siyazi ukuba ubhala iiMemoires zakho. Ngokumalunga nobutshantliziyo bakho kwiminyaka yoo-60, Yayiyintoni indima yakho, kwaye uwavavanya njani amava aloo minyaka? Ngezo mini ndandingumfundi wokuqala eMIT, ndibandakanyeka kakhulu kwinto eyayibizwa ngokuba yintshukumo yabafundi. Yayi, kunjalo, ngabafundi njengenxalenye yamalungelo oluntu, i-anti-war, i-feminist, kunye nezinye iinzame. Ndizigcinile ukubandakanyeka kuzo zonke iinzame xa ndingasenguye umfundi - ndikhutshelwe ngaphandle kweMIT. Kamva ndabandakanyeka ngokunjalo kumsebenzi weendaba, ndincedisa ekufumaneni nasekusebenzeni indlu yokushicilela ekhohlo, i-South End Press, kunye nemagazini ekhohlo, iZ Magazine, kunye newebhusayithi ekhohlo, i-ZNet, phakathi kwezinye iiprojekthi kunye namaziko.
Iminyaka yamashumi amathandathu โ eneneni ukusukela ekupheleni kweminyaka yamashumi amahlanu ukuya phakathi kwiminyaka yee-70, yayilixesha lesiphithiphithi kwihlabathi jikelele. Iguqule iingqondo kulo lonke, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo kwiindawo ezininzi, kodwa kwiindawo ezimbalwa kakhulu iye yachukumisa amaziko asisiseko achaza uluntu. Yayiyiprojekthi yobuqhawe kodwa ineziphene ngeendlela ezininzi nezinzulu. Ngumsebenzi wethu ngoku nakwiminyaka ezayo ukwenza iprojekthi entsha yobugorha, kodwa ngaphandle kwazo zonke iziphene.