Kukho ibali kwi ENew York Times namhlanje (1/18/17) inesihloko:
I-US yema njengoko i-Indonesia yabulala isiqingatha sesigidi sabantu, uMboniso wamaPhepha
Noko ke, โukuma ecaleni,โ asikuko oko kwenziwa yiUnited States ebudeni bembubhiso yaseIndonesia ngowe-1965โ66; kunoko, yayixhasa ngenkuthalo ukubulawa kwabantu, okwaqhwatyelwa izandla ngelo xesha yi- ENew York Times.
I-Indonesia ngo-1965 yayiqhutywa nguMongameli uSukarno, umlweli welizwe ochasene nobukoloniyali owacaphukisa iWashington ngobudlelwane bobuhlobo neQela lamaKomanisi lase-Indonesia, elaziwa ngokuba yi-PKI. Xa kwakuzanywa ubhukuqo-mbuso ngokungathandabuzekiyo kutyholwa kwi-PKI, oku kwabonwa ngumkhosi wase-Indonesia kunye ne-US njengethuba.
โIziganeko zeentsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo zibekiwe PKI kunye nezinto ezixhasa ubuKomanisi kakhulu ekuzikhuseleni kwaye zinokuthi ziqinise umkhosi ekugqibeleni ukuba zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo ngokuchasene namaKomanisi, โuzakuzo wase-US eJakarta uxelele iSebe leSizwe kwitelegram engachazwanga.10/5/65). Ngelixa ecebisa i-US ukuba "iphephe ukubandakanyeka ngokugqithisileyo njengoko umzabalazo wamandla uqhubeka," unozakuzaku waseMelika uMarshall Green ukhuthaze urhulumente ukuba
cngokugqithisileyo, nangona kunjalo, bonisa ngokucacileyo kubantu abaphambili emkhosini njenge Nasution kwaye Suharto umnqweno wethu wokuba luncedo apho sinako, ngoxa kwangaxeshanye sidlulisela kubo ingcamango yethu yokuba sifanele sikuphephe ukubonakala kokubandakanyeka okanye ukungenelela nangayiphi na indlela.
Ngokucacileyo, i-ambassy ichonge i-propaganda njengendima ephambili ekufuneka i-US idlale:
Ukusasaza ibali le PKI's ubutyala, ubuqhophololo kunye nenkohlakalo (lo mzamo uphambili mhlawumbi yeyona nto ifunekayo ngokukhawuleza uncedo sinokunika umkhosi ukuba singafumana indlela yokuyenza ngaphandle kokuyichaza njengenzame kuphela okanye ubukhulu becala base-US).
Umkhosi wase-Indonesia wasebenzisa ilinge lobhukuqo-mbuso ukuthethelela uthotho oluqhubekayo lokubulawa kwabantu, bejolise kungekuphela nje kumalungu e-PKI kodwa noluntu lwaseTshayina olwalusisiseko sabo. Njengokuba ubungako bokuphalazwa kwegazi bucaca, i-US yakuvuyela ukubulawa, uMthunywa uGreen (10/20/65) wabhala ukuba umkhosi wase-Indonesia โusebenze nzima ukutshabalalisa. PKI yaye mna, ngenxa yoko, ndikuhlonela ngakumbi ukuzimisela nokulungelelana kwayo ekuphumezeni esi sabelo sibalulekileyo.โ
The Washington Post (12/2/15), ephawula isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-50 yokubulawa kwabantu, yaqhuba isiqwenga sombhali-mbali uKai Thaler esishwankathela indima edlalwa yi-US ekuxhaseni ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi:
[UNobhala weLizwe uDean] uRusk uqinisekise inkxaso ye-US kwi "Ukupheliswa kwe-PKI." Amagosa ase-US nawo unikeze uluhlu oluneenkcukacha amawaka amalungu PKI kumkhosi kunye nabemi abachasayo ubukomanisi, kunye namagosa aseMelika kuxelwe ukuba ajonga ukuba ngubani obuleweyo okanye obanjiweyo.
Phakathi kweengxelo zokubulawa kwabantu kwilizwe lonke, ekupheleni kuka-Okthobha, iRusk kunye namagosa okhuseleko lwelizwe lase-US wenze izicwangciso ukuba ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukubonelela ngezixhobo kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano kumkhosi wase-Indonesia, ngelixa uncedo olutsha lwase-US lwahlelwa ngoDisemba ngenxa umfelandawonye ochasene nobukomanisi kwaye emkhosini. NgoFebruwari 1966, uGreen yatsho ngokuvuma ukuba "amaKomanisi ... apheliswe yindyikityha yokufa."
Thelekisa oko kunye ENew York TimesI-akhawunti, yi-ofisi ye-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia uHannah Beech, obeka i-US ekukhanyeni okungaphezulu:
Yayiyindawo yokuhlamba igazi echasene nobuKomanisi ubuncinane abantu base-Indonesia abasisiqingatha sesigidi. Kwaye amagosa aseMelika ayibukele isenzeka ngaphandle kokuphakamisa nakuphi na ukuchasa esidlangalaleni, ngamanye amaxesha ade aqhwabele izandla imikhosi esemva kokubulawa, ngokweefayile zeSebe leLizwe ezisanda kuchazwa ezibonisa oonozakuzaku bebhala ngokucokisekileyo ukuhlanjululwa ngo-1965-66โฆ.
Xa iqela leenjengele ezilukhuni zatyhola abasebenzi beQela lamaKomanisi ngemizamo yobhukuqo-mbuso engaphumelelanga ngo-1965, i-China yatyholwa njengongqondongqondo, uWashington akazange enze nto ingako ukuyiphikisa loo ngxelo.
Urhulumente wase-United States ubukhulu becala uthe cwaka njengoko inani lokufa lalisanda ezandleni zoMkhosi wase-Indonesia, amajoni kunye namahlokondiba onqulo.
Yayingekuko ukuba โiWashington yenze kancinane ukucelโ umngeni loo ngxeloโ isetyenziselwa ukuthethelela amakhulu amawaka okubulala; kunoko, ukusasaza loo ngxelo kwabonwa ngunozakuzaku waseUnited States โnjengolona ncedo lukhawulezayo olufunekayo esinokunikela ngalo emkhosini.โ
Esi ayisosihlandlo sokuqala ukuba i ENew York Times ibujongele phantsi ubutyala base-US kuphalazo-gazi lwase-Indonesia. Xa uKathy Kadane we Inkonzo yeNdaba yaseMelika (Washington Post, 5/21/90) waqhekeza ibali lokuba i-ambassy yase-US inikeze uluhlu lwamalungu e-PKI emkhosini wase-Indonesia ngexesha lokubulala, MaxeshaUMichael Wines (7/12/90) wabhala umzamo ongaqhelekanga wokunyelisa ibali:
Ingxabano iye yavela kwingxelo yokuba kwiminyaka engama-25 eyadlulayo, amagosa ase-United States anikezela ngama-5,000 amagama amaKomanisi ase-Indonesia kuMkhosi wase-Indonesiaโฆ. Ingxabano igxile ekubeni isigqibo sokuguqula amagama sesomntu wegosa lozakuzo lwaseMelika, okanye silungelelaniswe ne-Central Intelligence Agency kwaye samkelwa ngamagosa aphezulu ozakuzo.
Njengoko i-FAIR iphawulwe ngelo xesha (Yongezelelweyo!, 7โ8/90), i Maxesha' ukungafuni ukuvuma ukuba i-US ithathe inxaxheba kwimbubhiso yase-Indonesia inokuba yayinxulumene nomdla wayo wembubhiso njengoko yayisenzeka:
Ngelixa ezinye zezinto ezigubungelayo ziye zabangela ukoyikeka kokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi (kwangoko 1/16/66), ngokubanzi i Maxesha' amagqabantshintshi kunye nohlalutyo lubone ukutshatyalaliswa kweqela lamaKomanisi ngendlela elungileyo. "Ukubengezela kokukhanya e-Asiya" yayingumxholo wekholamu kaJames Reston (6/19/66). Phantse wonke umntu uyakholiswa lutshintsho olwenziwayo ngoku, utshilo u-CL Sulzberger (4/8/66). I Maxesha ngokwayo ihlelwe (4/5/66) ukuba umkhosi waseIndonesia โwawudlala indima yawo ngononophelo olukhulu.โ
Kodwa mhlawumbi eyona inomdla kuzo zonke Maxesha' ababhali yayinguMax Frankel, ngoko umbhaleli waseWashington, ngoku umhleli olawulayo. "I-US Intliziyo Ichukunyiswa kukubuyela umva okuBomvu kwi-Indonesia Coup," ukuthunyelwa kweFrankel kwaphawulwa (10/11/65). "Ulawulo lukaJohnson lukholelwa ukuba ithuba elitsha elimangalisayo liye laphuhlisa ama-Indonesians achasene namaKomanisi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yase-United States" e-Indonesia, uFrankel wabhala. "Amagosa ... akholelwa ukuba umkhosi uza kwenza isiqhwala kwaye mhlawumbi utshabalalise amaKomanisi njengombutho obalulekileyo wezopolitiko."
Emva kokuba ubungakanani bendyikityha yokufa buqala ukubonakala, uFrankel waba nomdla ngakumbi. Phantsi komxholo othi โAmagosa Ase-US Anemincili Ajonge kuNcedo Olutsha kuQoqosho lwaseJakartaโ (3/13/66), UFrankel wabika ukuba
Ulawulo lukaJohnson lufumanise kunzima namhlanje ukufihla ukonwabela kwabo iindaba ezivela eIndonesiaโฆ. Emva kwexesha elide lonxibelelwano ngomonde olulungiselelwe ukunceda umkhosi woyise amaKomanisi, neenyanga zokuthi cwaka ngobulumkoโฆamagosa ayechwayitile kukufumanisa ukuba oko babekulindele kuyenzeka.
UFrankel wahlabela mgama echaza inkokeli yembubhiso, uGen. Suharto, โnjengomphathi-mkhosi onobuchule nonobuchule.โ
Ukuvuma ukuba i-US ijonge ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi njengeprojekthi efanelekileyo efanelwe ukuxhaswa kuyingozi xa Maxesha nayo yabona kwaloo ntiyo ifanayo ifanelwe yinkxaso.
Ayisiyiyo loo nto Maxesha' iqhekeza namhlanje aligxeki kwaphela; Ide ivume, ngendlela esemva, ukuba i-US yenze okungakumbi โkunokumaโ ngexesha lokubulawa kwabantu:
Ngo-2015, uSenator u-Tom Udall waseNew Mexico waphinda waveza isisombululo kwi-Senate efuna ukuba i-Indonesia ijongane nembali yayo ebuhlungu. Uphinde wabamba iUnited States ukuba iphendule "ngenkxaso yomkhosi kunye nezezimali" apho, equka ukubonelela ngoluhlu lwabantu abanokuthi babe novelwano kurhulumente wase-Indonesia kwaye, njengoko intambo enye ekhutshwe ngoLwesibini ibonise, iqhubela phambili ukungcwaba iindaba zangaphandle zokubulala.
Kodwa olu lwazi, luvela kwisibini esithathwini sendlela ngenqaku, aluwoyisi umyalezo okwisihloko esikhulu kwaye uninzi lwesicatshulwa ukuba i-US yona ngokushiya, hayi ikhomishini. Ukwenza iWashington ibe ngumntu obukeleyo endaweni yokuthatha inxaxheba esebenzayo ayinciphisi urhulumente kuphela (kunye ENew York Times') ubutyala; ikwaxelela abafundi ukuba ukuba i-US iza kuba nempazamo, ifanele ukugxekwa ngokungazenzi konele. Esi sisimo sengqondo esiluncedo ukusihlakulela kwixesha elizayo xa ufuna ukuthengisa imfazwe "yobuntu".
Ungathumela umyalezo kwi ENew York Times at [imeyile ikhuselwe] (Twitter: @NYTimes). Nceda ukhumbule ukuba unxibelelwano olunentlonipho lolona lusebenzayo.
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