Umthombo: FAIR
Ijelo leendaba ngalinye kufuneka libe netshati efana nale, ukusuka kwi Financial Times, eboniswe ngokubalaseleyo kwiphepha labo lasekhaya-kuba akukho mbuzo ubaluleke ngakumbi kwingxaki yekoronavirus ngoku kunendlela yokuphuma kwindlela ekhokelwa yi-Itali kwaye ungene kumzila wamazwe afana neSingapore.
Njenge Financial Times amanqaku, uninzi lwamazwe aseNtshona abona ukukhula kumatyala e-Covid-19 afana negophe lokubonisa elithathwe kuqala yi-Itali, lilandelwa ngokusondeleyo yiSpain neFrance.
Ezi ziindaba ezimbi kakhulu, kuba inkqubo yesibhedlele sase-Italiya iphelelwe yindawo esibhedlele kwaye ngakumbi iibhedi zokhathalelo olunzima, kunyanzelwa ukuba amaziko ezonyango ajike abaguli abafuna ukhathalelo olubalulekileyo (PBS, 3/13/20). Njengentatheli yephepha laseItali I-Il Foglio wabhala kwi Boston Globe (3/13/20):
Okwenzekileyo e-Italiya kubonisa ukuba izibongozo ezingaphantsi-ku-zingxamisekileyo kuluntu ngurhulumente ukuba zitshintshe kancinci imikhwa malunga nokunxibelelana kwezentlalo azonelanga xa iziphumo ezibi eziyilelwe ukuthintela zingekabonakali; xa zibonakala, kusemva kwexesha kakhulu ukwenza….
Indlela yokuphepha okanye yokunciphisa yonke le nto e-United States nakwezinye iindawo kukwenza into efana nale i-Itali, iDenmark, neFinland izenzayo ngoku, kodwa ngaphandle kokuchitha iiveki ezimbalwa, ezimdaka apho besicinga ukuba ukuvalwa kwendawo okumbalwa, ukurhoxisa uluntu. iindibano, kunye nokukhuthaza ngokufudumeleyo ukusebenza ekhaya kuya kwanela ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane. Ngoku siyazi ukuba bekunganelanga oko....
Inkulumbuso uGiuseppe Conte ubhengeze inyathelo lamva nje kwinkqubo ethe ngokuqhubekayo yajika i-Italiya yaba lilizwe elivalwe yedwa. Iivenkile zigunyaziswe ukuba zivalwe ngalo lonke ixesha, ngaphandle kweekhemesti, iivenkile zokutya, neendawo ezithengisa iindaba, njengoko ngobulumko urhulumente eyijonga inkcazelo njengeyona nto ifunekayo. Yonke imisebenzi engeyomfuneko iyekisiwe okwexeshana.
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kukho amazwe athile abonakala ehlangabezana nomngeni we-coronavirus ngempumelelo. Ukongeza eSingapore, eHong Kong kunye mhlawumbi IJapan, igxininiswe kwitshathi, Taiwan kwaye Vietnam zikwabonakala ngathi ziqulathe lo bhubhani nangona bekufutshane nobhubhani.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-China, apho uqhambuko lwaqala ukubonwa, kunye ne-Covid-19 ixhaphake kwisixeko sase-Wuhan kunye nephondo elijikelezileyo lase-Hubei, kubonakala ngathi wawulawula lo bhubhani. Al Jazeera (3/17/20) iingxelo:
Kwilizwe liphela, i-13 kumaphondo angama-34 e-China acimile amatyala awo aseleyo, kwaye malunga nama-69,000 kwangama-81,000 amatyala aqinisekisiweyo akhutshiweyo.
KwaseHubei, apho kushiyeke amatyala ali-10,000, uxinzelelo kubasebenzi bezonyango luye lwadamba. Ngomhla we-17 kaMatshi, ibhetshi yokuqala yabasebenzi bezonyango abaphantse babe ngama-4,000 ababefakwe ngeparashuti eWuhan ukuze bancede ukulawula uqhushululu bakwazi ukuhamba.
Ngamaphondo amaninzi ethobile amanqanaba eempendulo zikaxakeka, i-China ihamba kancinci-kwaye ngononophelo-ibuyela kubomi obuqhelekileyo.
Iiklasi ziqala kwakhona emva kokuba uninzi lwabafundi bechithe inyanga yokugqibela okanye besekhaya kwaye befunda kwi-Intanethi. Kumaphondo achazwe “njengengozi ephantsi yosulelo,” kubandakanya iGuizhou, iQinghai, iTibet kunye neXinjiang, oorhulumente basekhaya bavumele amaziko emfundo ukuba aqalise iiklasi kule nyanga.
(Ngelixa abantu ngokufanelekileyo ukuthandabuza kumanani asemthethweni aseTshayina, ukutyekela kwentsholongwane ekukhuleni okubonakalayo kushiya indawo encinci yokufihla; ukuba iChina ibizama ukufihla ubhubhani ongalawulekiyo, yayo abamelwane abaphaphileyo uza kuyibona ngokukhawuleza inkohliso.)
Ke imithombo yeendaba yase-US iwuphatha njani umsebenzi obalulekileyo wokwazisa uluntu malunga nendlela yokuphepha ukufana ne-Itali kwaye ufezekise impumelelo ebonakalayo yaseTshayina? Akulunganga, ngelishwa. Uphawu olwabelwana ngokubanzi kwi Washington Post (3/14/20), “Isizathu Sokuba Ukuqhambuka Okufana NeCoronavirus Kusasazeke Kakhulu, kunye Nendlela ‘Yokugudisa Ijika,’” ibonisa le ngxaki. Isiqwenga, esijonge ukubonisa imigaqo ye-epidemiology kunye nesifo esiphilayo esibizwa ngokuba yi "simulitis," inika amava aseTshayina njengomzekelo wento. hayi ukwenza:
Ukucotha i-simulitis, makhe sizame ukwenza indawo yokuvalelwa ngenkani, efana nale urhulumente waseTshayina obekwe kwiphondo laseHubei, i-covid-19's ground zero.
Yhuu! Njengoko iingcali zempilo zinokulindela, kubonakale kungenakwenzeka ukubavala ngokupheleleyo abantu abagulayo kwabasempilweni.
ULeana Wen, owayesakuba ngumkomishinala wezempilo kwisixeko saseBaltimore, uchaze ukungasebenzi kokuvalelwa kwabantu ngenkani. kwi Washington Post ngoJanuwari. “Abantu abaninzi basebenza esixekweni kwaye bahlala kwingingqi eziselumelwaneni, ngokuphambeneyo,” utshilo uWen. Ngaba abantu babeza kwahlukana neentsapho zabo? Zazivalwa njani zonke iindlela? Iimpahla beziza kufikelela njani kubahlali?”
Njengoko uLawrence O. Gostin, unjingalwazi wezomthetho wezempilo kwihlabathi kwiYunivesithi yaseGeorgetown, esitsho: "Inyani yeyokuba ezi ntlobo zokuvalwa zinqabile kwaye azinakusebenza."
Oku ngoMatshi 14, xa kwi hlabathi lenene I-China isebenzise le ndlela “engazange isebenze” ukuzisa iimeko ezintsha ze-Covid-19 ukuya kutsho kwi-20 ngosuku-ukusuka kwincopho ye-5,000 ngosuku-kunye nokufa ukusuka kwi-150 ukuya kwi-10 ngosuku, ngelixa abantu baseHubei babeqhubeka nokutya. Yintoni eyenza i isikhundlaI-“simulitis” isixelela ukuba masiyenze endaweni yoko?
Ngethamsanqa, zikho ezinye iindlela zokucothisa ukuqhambuka. Ngaphezu kwako konke, amagosa ezempilo akhuthaze abantu ukuba baphephe ukuhlanganisana esidlangalaleni, bahlale ekhaya rhoqo kwaye bagcine umgama wabo kwabanye. Ukuba abantu abahambi kancinci kwaye basebenzisane kancinci, intsholongwane inamathuba ambalwa okusasazeka.
Ngamanye amazwi, uhlobo "lwezibheno ezingaphantsi-ku-zingxamisekileyo kuluntu ngurhulumente ukuba atshintshe kancinci imikhwa malunga nonxibelelwano lwentlalo" ukuba, njengoko I-Il FoglioUFerrasi wayenayo ikhonjwe ngaphandle kwi Boston Globe kusuku olungaphambili, yayisele ibonakale ingasebenzi ngokupheleleyo e-Itali, ekhokelela kwimeko apho
oogqirha babe Ukunyanzelwa ukuba baqale ukwenza izigqibo ezinzima zetriage, ukwamkela abantu abafuna ngamandla umoya wokuphefumla ngoomatshini ngokusekwe kwiminyaka yobudala, ubude bobomi, kunye nezinye izinto…. Abanye abantu abangakwaziyo ukufumana unyango bafela emakhayeni abo.
Oku kungahoywa kokungakhathali kwezifundo zehlabathi zokwenyani ezifundiswa yintsholongwane bekungapheleliselwanga kwaphela isikhundla. The ENew York Times, eyathi kwangethuba kulo bhubhani yahlekisa ngokuvalwa kweTshayina “njengolawulo lwentlalo yohlobo lweMao” (2/15/20), wabaleka iqhekeza (3/13/20) ukulahla umzekelo waseTshayina:
Ukuvalwa kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweendawo zokuhlala kwesi sikali okanye ubume bezinye iindlela-njengokuqokelelwa kwedatha yendawo yefowuni kunye Itekhnoloji yokuqonda ebusweni ukulandelela iintshukumo zabantu—akunakwenziwa lula kwamanye amazwe, ngakumbi lawo edemokhrasi anokhuseleko lwamaziko kumalungelo omntu ngamnye.
Umbono wokuba i-China, ngokungafaniyo ne-US, ibandakanyeka kucupho oluphezulu lwabantu bayo yinto eqhelekileyo yokuzithoba kwimidiya yase-US (FAIR.org, 7/10/18). Kodwa eyona ngxaki kukwaliwa kwezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo yi-China ukuphelisa uqhushululu oluqhubekayo ngokuthanda iindlela ezazisetyenziswa yiTaiwan, iHong Kong kunye neSingapore ukunqanda ukuba baqalise-ngokukodwa, iinzame zesitayile sase-Italiya “ngokucinezela usasazo oluthe cwaka. uluntu ngokunciphisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu (ukuzimela, ukuhlala kude, ucoceko oluphakamileyo).
Kutshanje, i Maxesha (3/16/20) yapapasha inqaku elaligxile kwiziphumo zokulinganisa okwenziwe ngabaphandi be-Imperial College London, abathi bafumanisa ukuba “ukuze kuthintelwe lo bhubhani, kuya kufuneka kubekho imiqathango engqongqo kumsebenzi, esikolweni nakwiindibano zolonwabo kangangexesha elithile de kube lixesha elithile. iyeza lokugonya lalikhona, elalinokuthabatha iinyanga ezili-18.” Ukujongwa kweyona ngxelo (3/16/20) ibonisa ukuba imilinganiselo echazwe liqela laseBritani eneneni yayingaphantsi kakhulu "engqongqo" kunaleyo iphunyezwe ngempumelelo eTshayina. Into eyayicetywa yingxelo yayikukuba a
indibaniselwano yokungena ekuhlaleni kuluntu luphela, ukubekwa yedwa ekhaya kwamatyala kunye nokuhlaliswa bodwa kwamalungu osapho lwabo. Oku kunokufuneka kongezwe kukuvalwa kwezikolo nedyunivesiti.
Le nkqubo ayitshayelanga kakhulu kunezithintelo esele ziphunyeziwe kwi Maxesha'yesiXeko saseNew York, apho ingezizikolo kuphela kodwa iiresityu, iibhari, iicinema kunye neendawo zokuzivocavoca kwaye bezikhona iyalelwe ivaliwe, singasathethi ke ngokuvalwa ngokubanzi kuwo wonke umsebenzi ongabalulekanga obekwe eHubei-kunye nase ElamaTaliyane, Speyin kwaye Fransi njengamanyathelo okuphelelwa lithemba phambi kokuwohloka kweenkqubo zempilo. Ayimangalisi into yokuba ukulinganisa kweBhritane kufumanise ukuba ungenelelo olo nganelanga kuya kufuneka luqhutyelwe phambili de isitofu sokugonya sisisindise-kodwa kutheni ungaqwalaseli iziphumo zeendlela esele zithathwa kwihlabathi lokwenyani, apho malunga nenyanga enesiqingatha idlulile phakathi konyango. isibhengezo yokuvalwa kwedolophu eWuhan kunye ne isaziso ukuba uqhambuko lwaluqulethwe nge-10 kaMatshi?
Ixesha elide kakhulu, amanyathelo abanzi ngokwenyani ngokuchasene ne-coronavirus athathwe njengangaphandle kwetafile. Xa abosulelekileyo Grand Princess Inqanawa yokuhamba ngenqanawa yavunyelwa ukuba ibambe e-Oakland, kwi Los Angeles Times (3/8/20) ibalekise isiqwenga esinomxholo othi “'Sigqithile kwiNdawo yokuZiqulatha': Umlo weCoronavirus Ungena kwiSigaba esitsha." Eso sigaba sitsha “yayikukuthomalalisa,” kuba “ukuzingcolisa akusenakwenzeka,” kwaye oko kwakuthetha ukuba uluntu lwaluza kwenza njalo
Kufuneka uqale ukucinga malunga nokuba kuyavakala na ukurhoxisa iindibano ezinkulu, ukuvala izikolo kwaye wenze ukuba kube lula ukuba abasebenzi basebenze ekhaya.
Uluvo lokuba eyona nto ingcono anokuyithemba kukucotha, ukungayeki, ukusasazeka kwe-coronavirus kukhokelela kwingcebiso "yokuthambisa ijika" lencopho yosulelo, njengoko kubonisiwe Washington Post uphawu kwaye kwenye indawo (kubandakanya a FAIR.org iposti-3/10/20). Umbono kukuba amanyathelo anje ngokungena ekuhlaleni kunye nokuhlamba izandla zomntu kunokwehlisa izinga losulelo, ukusasaza iimeko ngokwaneleyo ukugcina inkqubo yezempilo ingawohloki.
Kodwa njengoko i-AI Foundation kaJoscha Bach yabonisa kwisiqwenga phakathi (3/13/20), umbono wokuba kuyenzeka ukuba ube mcaba ijika ngokwaneleyo ukuthintela ukuba izibhedlele zingonganyelwa yimbono ephosakeleyo eyingozi: I-coronavirus ine ixesha elide lokufukamela (umndilili weentsuku ezintlanu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kangangeentsuku ezili-14), ingaba isasazwa ngokungaqhelekanga, kwaye ihlala ifuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele kunye nokhathalelo olunzulu (ngokumalunga I-20% kunye ne-6% yezigulane, ngokulandelelana). Ukuba isifo sivunyelwe ukuba sisasazeke de siyekwe ngokwemvelo kukunganyangeki komhlambi-yiloo nto imodeli "yenza igophe" icingela - oku kuya kuthetha (kucinga ukuba izinga losulelo lokugqibela lama-40%) lungaphezulu kwe-20 yezigidi zabantu baseMelika. esibhedlele, kwaye ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-4 ziya kufuna ukhathalelo olunzulu (Imiba yezeMpilo, 3/17/20)…kwilizwe elingaphantsi kwe-a izigidi zeebhedi zesibhedlele kwaye ngaphantsi kwe- Ngama-70,000 eebhedi zokhathalelo lwabantu abadala. Akukho ndlela inokwenzeka yokusasazwa ngokutsha kwezi meko ngokwaneleyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukugcwala ngokupheleleyo komthamo wethu esibhedlele.
I-Covid-19 nayo inezinga lokusweleka okukhulu. A Lancet inqaku (3/12/20) yacebisa ukuba inokuba phezulu ukuya kutsho kwi-5.7%; inqaku kwi Izifo Ezisulelayo Ezisulelayo (6/20) icebisa inani eliphantsi, mhlawumbi i-0.9%, inokuthi inokwenzeka ngakumbi-nangona ingaba phezulu "kumazwe anengeniso ephezulu kunye nomthamo olinganiselweyo wotyando kwiinkonzo zesibhedlele ngenxa yokuba iingozi eziphakamileyo zokufa zingabonwa kwincopho yendyikityha yendawo. ” Kodwa nelona nani libambekayo, lidityaniswa ne-40% yosulelo olunokwenzeka ngesicwangciso "sokuthambisa ijika", iiprojekthi ezingaphezulu kwesigidi sokufa e-United States, ngaphambi kokuthathela ingqalelo iziphumo ezibulalayo zokugcwala esibhedlele.
Kunzima ukubaleka imbono yokuba "ukugungxula ijika" kunikezelwe njengesisombululo kuba nasiphi na isicwangciso esijolise ekunqandeni ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane sinokuba nefuthe elibi kwezoqoqosho. Uqoqosho lwaseTshayina "luphanzisiwe" yi-anti-coronavirus drive (CNN, 3/16/20) -Nangona ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuba yenza kakuhle xa kuthelekiswa namazwe ekuye kwafuneka ukuba anyanzelise ukuvalwa kwelizwe lonke emva kokuba enze kade kakhulu. Ixabiso lokungayeki i-coronavirus, kwavela, likhulu kakhulu ukuba nasiphi na isizwe ukuba sihlawule; eso sisifundo esifundiswa lihlabathi lokwenyani, kwaye eso kufuneka sisithobele.
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Nikela