Umthombo: I-Counterpunch
Kwiminyaka yam yokugqibela yokufundisa eyunivesithi ngaphambi kokuba ndithathe umhlala-phantsi, ndaphindaphinda amabinzana amabini ngokufuthi kangangoko kunokwenzeka—“abantu abanengqiqo banokungavumelani” nelithi “ukuba izinto ezimbini ziyinyaniso zombini, zombini zibalulekile.”
Intetho yokuqala-ebendiyisebenzisa rhoqo kangangokuba ekupheleni kwesinye isiqingatha sonyaka omnye umfundi wandinika ikomityi yekofu enomgca oshicilelweyo kuyo-sisibongozo sobuntu phakathi kwabantu abalungileyo njengoko sixoxa ngamandla ngemiba exabanayo. Uthethathethwano olunjalo lukhuthaza ubomi obunemveliso yobukrelekrele nezopolitiko.
Okwesibini sisikhumbuzo sokuba ihlabathi liyinkimbinkimbi, kunye nesilumkiso malunga nesilingo sokuphelisa ubungqina kunye neengxabano ngenxa yokoyika ukuba banokusongela inkolelo exabisekileyo. Oko kukwabalulekile ekwakheni ubomi obuphilileyo bobungqondi kunye nezopolitiko.
Zombini ezo zilogeni zazisengqondweni yam (ngakumbi kamva ngokuba kutheni) njengoko ndandifunda incwadi kaPE Moskowitz. Ityala elichasene nentetho yasimahla: uLungiso lokuQala, ubuFasi, kunye nekamva lokungavisisani., incwadi eluncedo maxa wambi ehlekisayo, ephoxayo nezenza ilungisa.
Ndithi “iluncedo” kuba le ncwadi ibandakanya ingxelo egqwesileyo malunga neengxoxo zangoku zenkululeko yokuthetha kunye nemvelaphi efundisayo yembali enokuthi yenze nzulu ukuqonda komfundi ngalo mba kunye nomzabalazo omkhulu welizwe elindilisekileyo. Kodwa le ncwadi ekugqibeleni iyasilela ngenxa yokubhideka kwayo ngokwentanda-bulumko, ingqalelo ekhethiweyo kwimibandela, kunye nethoni yesmug.
Udidekile
Okokuqala, malunga nokudideka kwefilosofi. Incwadi iqala ngebango lokuzama ngamandla ukuba nesibindi:
“Le ncwadi ayichasi inkululeko yokuthetha. Ichasene nengcamango-ye-intetho-ekhululekile. Ngumahluko obalulekileyo. Wonke umntu kufuneka abe nelungelo lokuthetha into ayifunayo. Andiyi kuphikisa ngenye indlela. Andingomntu olawula ngegunya.”
Andiqinisekanga nokuba ndiyavuma okanye andivumi, kuba andiqondi ukuba kuthetha ukuthini oko.
Ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo asiyonto yenzeka ngokwemvelo. Yingcinga, imbono, umnqweno, indlela yezopolitiko, ehlala ibandakanya ithiyori malunga nokuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ngumntu kuluntu oluthile ngexesha elithile. Ngamafutshane, ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo kuhlala kuyingcamango. Umnqweno wethu wokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ufuna ukuba wonke umntu, kuquka noMoskowitz, aphuhlise ingcamango yenkululeko yokuthetha.
Ityala elichasene nentetho ekhululekileyo ichaza iintlobo ngeentlobo zezikhalazo kunye neenkxalabo malunga namanye amabango aqhelekileyo malunga nenkululeko yokuthetha kwi-United States yangoku. Ngamanye amazwi, ingcamango kaMoskowitz yokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo iyahluka kwiingcamango zabanye abantu, okulungileyo-abantu baphikisana malunga neengcamango ngamaxesha onke. Ndiye ndabelana ngezinto ezininzi ezixhalabisayo, ebezijolise kuzo incwadi endiyihleleyo I-25 iminyaka edlulileyo.
Enye into edidayo libango lokuba “wonke umntu ufanele abe nelungelo lokuthetha into ayifunayo,” nto leyo ephikiswa yiyo yonke le ncwadi kunye nokugatya kukaMoskowitz ukuba semthethweni kweentlobo ezithile zentetho, njengentetho yobuhlanga. Kodwa inqaku elikhulu kukuba akukho mntu uphikisayo ukuba wonke umntu kufuneka akwazi ukuthetha into ayifunayo. Ukubamba kweso sikhundla kuya kwenza ubani abe sisilo esiziphethe kakuhle. Makhe ndikucacisele.
Uluntu ngalunye luzoba umgca phakathi kwamabali umntu anokubalisa ngokukhululekileyo, ngaphandle komngcipheko wesohlwayo, kunye namabali anokukufaka engxakini. Uluntu ngalunye luzoba umgca phakathi kwentetho evumelekileyo nengavumelekanga. Uluntu olwahlukeneyo luyizoba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye uluntu olunye luyizoba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Akukho mbono unzulu “opheleleyo” kwintetho yenkululeko, nangona abantu maxa wambi besithi banayo into enjalo. I-absolutist kuya kufuneka yale nawaphi na amanyathelo adibeneyo ngokuchasene nephonografi yabantwana, i-libel, ukurhweba ngaphakathi, ukuhlambalaza, izoyikiso ezithe ngqo zobundlobongela, ubuqhetseba kurhwebo, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, kunye nezinye iindidi zentetho esizohlwaya ngokufanelekileyo ngandlela thile. Wonke umntu akanakuba nelungelo lokuthetha into ayifunayo, kuba intetho inako, kwaye iyayenza, ikhokelela kukwenzakala okubambekayo kwabanye.
Oko kuthetha ukuba lonke uluntu kufuneka lulungelelanise umonakalo okanye ingozi enokuthi ibangele intetho kunye nexabiso laloo ntetho eluntwini. Iphonografi yabantwana (ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yimifanekiso yokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana ngokwesini) yintetho engenaxabiso engenakwenziwa ngaphandle kokwenzakala ngendlela engaqhelekanga—akukho mpikiswano ingako apho. Ukuthetha ubuxoki ngenyaniso eyonakalisa isidima somnye kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi, kodwa phantse wonke umntu uyayamkela imfuneko yomthetho wenkohliso.
Sixoxa malunga nendlela yokuqonda ingozi, kunye nendlela yokuvavanya iziphumo zentetho ezonakalisayo. Sixoxa ngexabiso leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentetho. Kwaye siyaxoxa malunga nemithetho elawula esi senzo simdaka sokulinganisa. Kodwa eyona nto iphambili ngumbuzo onika umdla ongapheliyo kuthi bantu, uhlobo lokubalisa amabali: Ngawaphi amabali esinokuwabalisa kwaye ngawaphi amabali angenamida? Sizoba phi imigca?
Ayizondaba ezi eMoskowitz—isahluko sokuqala sencwadi sithi “Umgca,” esibalisa ibali lendibano yamaNazi eCharlottesville, VA, eyaphela ngokubulawa kukaHeather Heyer. Umbhali uyabuza, “Wawuphi lo mgca umbi?” phakathi kwentetho ekhuselweyo echaza okanye exhasa ukongama kwabamhlophe, kunye nentetho enxibelelene nezenzo ezibulalayo (iNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-US ngo-1969 yathi kuxa amazwi evuselela “isenzo sokuchas’ umthetho sisemnyango”). Amaphepha amabini kamva, uMoskowitz uyavuma, “Sinomsebenzi omninzi wokuchaza umgca ekufuneka siwenze.”
Njengaye wonke umntu, i-Moskowitz isebenza ngendlela yokuqonda ingqiqo yokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo. Eyona nto ibangela ukuba le ncwadi ibe yintlekisa kukuyila loo mbuzo ngokungathi yinto eyahlukileyo, kwinto ebonakala ilinge lokubanga imilinganiselo ephakamileyo yokuziphatha.
Ukukhetha
I-Moskowitz ixoxa, ngokufanelekileyo kwimbono yam, ukuba nayiphi na ingcamango yentetho yamahhala engabandakanyi kunye neenkqubo ezicinezelayo zamandla ayanelanga, nto leyo eyinyani nayo yonke eminye imiba yezentlalo / yezopolitiko / yezoqoqosho kwi-United States yangoku.
Ngokomzekelo, le ncwadi ibonisa ukuba kwinkqubo yobukapitali edala ukungalingani okukhulu kwezoqoqosho, abantu abazizityebi banemithombo engakumbi yokuyila nokusasaza intetho kunabantu abangamahlwempu. Ngokuqinisekileyo yinyani leyo, kwaye inqaku abaphengululi abashiyekileyo kunye namatsha ntliziyo bebesenza rhoqo ubuncinci kule nkulungwane idlulileyo. Uninzi lwencwadi luvavanya indlela ubungangamsha obumhlophe bugqwetha amandla enkcubeko elawulayo ukuqaphela kunye nokuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo ubungozi kubantu bebala, enye into ebalulekileyo yalo naluphi na uvavanyo olunzulu lokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo.
Eyona nto imangalisayo ngale ncwadi kukungabikho kophando malunga noosolusapho, eyesithathu kwiinkqubo ezinkulu ezithathu zamagunya angekho mthethweni. Thatha umzekelo olula, ukuxhaphaka kwentetho exhaphaza ngokwesini kubomi bamantombazana namabhinqa—esitratweni, ezikolweni nakwiiyunivesithi, emsebenzini nakwi-Intanethi. Kukho umgca-defining kakhulu ukwenza xa kuziwa amadoda engamenywanga ngokwesondo kunye nokungena kubomi babasetyhini. I-Moskowitz ayifuni ukubandakanya yonke into enokwenzeka kwincwadi, kunjalo, kodwa ukungaphumeleli ukuqaphela ukufaneleka kwale miba ekuqulunqeni ingcamango yentetho yamahhala kunzima ukuyikhumbula.
Ukungabikho okuqaqamba ngakumbi kukuba ukugxeka kwabasetyhini kwiphonografi, eyavela kwiminyaka yee-1970 kunye nee-'80s malunga nexesha elifanayo Ithiyori yobuhlanga abaphengululi babecacisa ityala lokulawulwa kwentetho yentiyo yobuhlanga. Ezi ngxabano zimbini, kwaye zihlala, zifana kwimilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunye nethiyori-kangangokuba kwi-1993 inkomfa kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago Law School "Intetho, ukulingana, kunye nengozi" yayiquka amanani amakhulu kuzo zombini iintshukumo. Abasetyhini ukuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa uhlalutyo olunzulu malunga iingozi ezinxulumene nokuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa koonografi. (Uphando lwam kunye nokubhala ngalo mbandela kunokufumaneka kwi amanqaku kunye nencwadi Ukuvala, zonke ziyafumaneka simahla kwi-intanethi.)
Kwinkulungwane yekota ukusukela kuloo nkomfa, iphonografi yentengiso yesini esahlukileyo (ubuninzi bentengiso) iye yakhohlakele kakhulu kwaye ithoba isidima kwabasetyhini kunye nocalucalulo olugqithileyo, olunokuthi lucebise ukuba namhlanje abasekhohlo/abaqhubela phambili/abanobuxhakaxhaka abacela umngeni kwinkululeko/inkululeko. i-orthodoxy kwintetho iya kwenza ukuba i-feminist critique ibe yinxalenye yeprojekthi yabo. Endaweni yoko, abo baphembeleli bashiyekileyo bathanda ukukukhaba ukugxekwa kwaye bamkele uhlalutyo "lwesondo" olungenankululeko, kwaye lubandakanya ubuntu obukhululekileyo kunogxininiso lwesithethe olusekhohlo kwiinkqubo kunye nezakhiwo zamandla. Ukukhankanywa kuphela kwale miba kwi Ityala elichasene nentetho ekhululekileyo ibandakanya umgaqo othile we-intanethi kwaye ibonisa ukuba umbhali uyayamkela loo ajenda ye-libertarian/yomntu ngamnye.
Nasiphi na isigqibo umntu afikelela kuso malunga nempendulo efanelekileyo yomthetho kwi-pornography ye-sexism kunye ne-racist, umba ufanelekile kunyango olunzima lwezopolitiko zokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ezifuna ukubiza iingcambu ezisekhohlo / eziqhubekayo / ezinzulu. Oku kusilela asikokwaMoskowitz kuphela; kuqhelekile ukuba abantu abasekhohlo abala ipolitiki yenkululeko kuyo yonke into ukuba bamkele ipolitiki yenkululeko kwimifanekiso engamanyala kunye namanye amashishini oxhatshazo ngokwesondo (ukuthengisa ngomzimba kunye nokuhluba). Eyona nto ibangela ukuba le ncwadi idimaze kukuphetshwa ngabom.
I-smug
Buyela kwii-truisms ezimbini ukusuka ekuqaleni: Abantu abanengqiqo banokungavumelani, kwaye ukuba zombini ezi zinto ziyinyani ngoko zombini zifanelekile. I-Moskowitz iwa mfutshane kuwo omabini amanani, ebangela ithoni yokwaneliseka kwencwadi. Iyandidanisa kakhulu loo nto, kuba kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo bendiyinxalenye yemibutho yezopolitiko esekhohlo kwaye ndifundisa izifundo ezimalunga nenkululeko yokuthetha. Iinjongo zokucela umngeni kwiinkqubo zengcinezelo zamandla kunye nokukhulisa izenzo ezilungileyo zengqondo zibalulekile kum, kwaye le ncwadi ayiloncedo kangako kwezi projekthi kunokuba ibinokuba njalo.
Kwezopolitiko: Ityala elichasene nentetho ekhululekileyo Inokuninzi enokukunika umfundi, kodwa ndinokucinga ngabafundi abaninzi abangavumelaniyo nezopolitiko zaseMoskowitz bethatha isigqibo sokungaxhomi ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukugqiba incwadi. Iprozi inelizwi elingcwele kunawe eligqithisa ukuzithoba okungenjalo kuye nabani na ongabelani ngezo zopolitiko. Andicebisi ukuba i-Moskowitz kufuneka iqulunqe iingxoxo zokuxhasa abo bamhlophe-kukho abantu abangekho ngqiqweni emhlabeni, kwaye ukulandela ukungaboni ngasonye nabo kunokuba yingozi, kude kube yingozi. Kodwa abagcini bemveli, abamodareyitha, abakhululekileyo, kunye nabaninzi abashiyayo/abaqhubela phambili/abanobunzulu bayakuva ukuzithoba okujoliswe kubo. Ngokuqinisekileyo ndiyenzile.
Omnye umba osisithintelo kukungafuni kukaMoskowitz ukuvuma ukuba izigxeko ezingqongqo “zokuchaneka kwezopolitiko” kwiikhampasi zinezingqi zenyaniso kuzo. Iidyunivesithi aziqhutywa ngabasekhohlo, kunjalo, kodwa ubukhulu becala ngabalawuli abagcinayo ukuya kwimodareyitha. Izikolo zamashishini, hayi ii-hotbeds zasekhohlo ncam, zihlala zezona yunithi zixhaswa ngemali ekhampasini. Amasebe ezoqoqosho ashumayela kakhulu ingcamango yeniyoclassical. Kwaye ngaphezu kwamashumi eminyaka, abantu abalungileyo kunye neziseko baye bazama ukusebenzisa iminikelo yokubumba iiyunivesithi kunye nenkcubeko yezopolitiko ngokubanzi. UMoskowitz wenza umsebenzi omhle wokukhomba yonke le nto.
Kodwa kukwayinyani ukuba kwimiba ethile kumasebe athile (kuxhomekeke kwikhampasi, enokuthi ibe ziiyunithi ezinje ngentlalontle, uncwadi, izifundo zabasetyhini, izifundo zobuhlanga) kukho imeko yemozulu engamkelekanga kubafundi nakwifakhalthi abafuna ukucela umngeni kwi-liberal-to. -Ingqondo ekhohlo echaza ezo nkalo. Oko akuthethi ukuba ubuhlanga kunye nesini kufuneka kunyanyezelwe kumagumbi okufundela, kuphela oko kungavumelani kwefilosofi kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo akufanele kuvalwe.
Zombini ezi zinto ziyinyani kwaye zombini zifanelekile.
Amava am kwiYunivesithi yaseTexas angumzekelo, kwaye hayi idiosyncratic. Emva kwe-9/11, yam umbhalo kwaye Ndithatha ngokuchasene ne-impiriyalizim yase-US kunye nento ebizwa ngokuba "yimfazwe yobugrogrisi" yandibeka kwi-crosshairs ye-conservatives kurhulumente, kwaye ulawulo lwe-UT ekugqibeleni lwaqhubeka (umongameli weyunivesithi wandigweba ngegama esidlangalaleni kodwa akazange azame ukugxotha. Mna, ndiyacinga kuba bendinokhuseleko lomsebenzi kunye ne-tenure). Ndibone impembelelo eyothusayo eyenziwa ngabaphathi ekhampasini, njengoko uninzi lwabafundi kunye noogxa babo bandixelela ukuba abathethi ngenxa yokoyika ukubeka imisebenzi yabo emngciphekweni. Ngenxa yoko, urhulumente wonke wavinjwa ithuba lokuba iyunivesithi yakhe ephambili ibe liziko lengxoxo-mpikiswano enzima malunga nezigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo obalulekileyo. Wonke umntu uyalahleka.
Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibini kamva, ndaqalisa ukupapasha amanqaku eyanika ingcamango yokugxeka kwabasetyhini kwingcamango yentshukumo ye-transgender. Ngeli xesha ndandikwi-crosshairs ye-liberals kunye nabanye abasekhohlo / abaqhubela phambili / abanamandla abandigxeka njengendoda enkulu kunye ne-transphobe ngaphandle kokubonelela naluphi na ugxeko oluvakalayo lokubhala kwam. Kwakhona, ndabona impembelelo eyothusayo, njengabafundi abaninzi kunye namalungu obuhlakani wandixelela ukuba bavumile kunye nam kodwa andizukubeka emngciphekweni wokuphetshwa. Kwakhona, urhulumente wonke walelwa ukumamela kwingxoxo-mpikiswano ebalulekileyo eyayinokutsalela kwimithombo yolwazi ekhoyo ekhampasini. Wonke umntu uyalahleka.
Kuzo zombini ezi meko andizange ndohlwaywe liziko likarhulumente. Kuzo zombini ezi meko ubomi bam abuzange buphazamiseke. Kuzo zombini ezi meko ndibizwa ngamagama angathandekiyo kwaye ndaphulukana nabahlobo, kodwa kwinqanaba lokubandezeleka ezo zinto azibhalisanga. Njengonjingalwazi oqeshiweyo omhlophe, oyindoda, kunye nommi wase-US, ndinelungelo elikhulu. Ingongoma yam kukuba ubomi bethu obuhlangeneyo bezopolitiko kunye neengqondo buyancipha ngenxa yokungahloniphi ukucinga okunzulu kunye nenkululeko yokuthetha.
Amava e-9/11 abonisa indlela incoko ebalulekileyo malunga nendima yase-United States emhlabeni eyajongelwa phantsi ngayo izibongozo zejingoistic zokuthand' izwe. Umzekelo we-transgender ubonisa indlela ebaluleke ngayo isithethe sabasetyhini sokucela umngeni kwimilinganiselo yesini sikasolusapho ujongelwa phantsi ngamabango afakwayo kodwa angachazwanga ngokwaneleyo okanye angakhuselwanga. Ubume benkcubeko malunga nemiba yentetho, nangona oorhulumente bengathathi manyathelo ngokuthe ngqo ukucinezela intetho ekhululekileyo.
Ukucaca: Ndiyi, kwaye ndiya kuhlala, ndiyinxalenye yekhohlo, echazwe ngokubanzi-igxeka i-capitalism, impiriyali, ubukhulu obumhlophe, kunye ne-patriarchy, kunye nokuqatshelwa kokubaluleka kozinzo lwendalo kuyo nayiphi na ipolitiki enentsingiselo. Ndicinga ukuba ukubala kunye nazo zonke ezi nkqubo zamandla zihambelana nokukhawuleza kwimithetho esizama ngayo ukwandisa intetho yamahhala kunye nokwandisa indawo yomsebenzi obalulekileyo wengqondo. Ngenxa yezoyikiso ezibangelwa ziingxaki ezininzi, ezothusayo zendalo, ngeli xesha kwimbali yoluntu, ngokwenyani, silwela ubomi bethu.
Ndiyayilumkela amandla karhulumente kwaye ndilumkile malunga nokusebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo woluntu ukunqanda intetho, kodwa ndikholelwa ukuba ityala elihle linokwenziwa kwimimiselo eyakhiwe ngokucophelela evumela abantu ukuba bacele umngeni kwintetho yenzondo kunye noonografi. Ndikwakholelwa ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo woluntu ungasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa izibonelelo zezopolitiko eziza nobutyebi, njengoko sisokola ukudlula inkqubo yongxowankulu engenabulungisa ngokwentlalo kunye ne-ecology engazinzanga.
Kodwa kwakhona ndiyaqonda ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo enjalo ayilula ukwakha okanye ukunyanzelisa, ukuba kunokubakho iziphumo ezingalindelekanga kwimigaqo-nkqubo enjalo, kwaye abantu abanokholo oluhle banokufikelela kwizigqibo ezahlukeneyo. Nokuba umbono wam kule mibuzo ubunokoyisa, bendingathanda ukuba kuqhutyekwe ingxoxo enzima. Ekuphela kombuzo endiwuboniyo ukuba akukho ndawo yengxoxo kwilungelo elipheleleyo labo bonke abantu lokuthatha inxaxheba kwincoko kawonke-wonke, esekelwe kwibango lesidima somntu esisisiseko kunye nokuhloniphana. Kodwa njani ukuqinisekisa elo lungelo nokuqinisekisa ukuba isidima nentlonipho? Ukuba oko bekulula ukuyila.
Mandigqibezele ngento enokubonakala ingaqhelekanga—inkxaso yomsindo kaMoskowitz, endiqonda ukuba isekelwe kulwazi lokuba bangaphi abantu abangasamkeliyo isidima somntu namalungelo alinganayo. Ndiba nomsindo njengoko ndisiya ndikhula. Kodwa ngoxa umsindo usenokuba yintshukumisa ebangela ubani enze ngokuvisisana neenkolelo zokuziphatha ezibambelele ngokunzulu, ukubonakaliswa komsindo ngokwako akuyongxoxo yezobupolitika okanye yobukrelekrele. Njengoko ndisiya ndikhula, ndiyiqonda ngakumbi indlela umsindo wobulungisa onokuguquka ngokulula ngayo uzenze ilungisa.
Abantu abanengqiqo banokungavumelani, kwaye ndithatha kokubili uMoskowitz kunye nam ukuba sibe nengqiqo. Ityala elichasene nentetho ekhululekileyo yincwadi eneziphene, yaye ndiyavuya kuba ndiyifundile. Zombini ezi zinto ziyinyani, kwaye ke zombini zifanelekile.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela