Umthombo: I-Feminist yangoku
Xa umfundi ophumeleleyo waseYurophu ethumele i-imeyile ebuza ukuba ndingathabatha inxaxheba na kwisabelo “sokwenza udliwano-ndlebe nomnye wababhali endibathandayo,” ndathi ewe. Iincwadi zam azikhange zithengiswe kakhulu, kwaye ke bendijongwa lula kuye nabani na ondichaza "njengombhali omthandayo."
Kodwa ngaphaya kombulelo wam ngomntu ophawula oko ndibhalayo, ndandichukunyiswa yimibuzo. Kwaye xa ndacebisa ukuba singalupapasha udliwano-ndlebe, ndachukumiseka ngakumbi sisicelo somfundi sokuhlala ndingaziwa. Ubhale ukuba “wayengaqinisekanga ukuba igama lam lifumaneka kuyo nantoni na ekwi-Intanethi. Ndiyazi ukuba ndingumnqa kakhulu (mhlawumbi oyena mntu ungaqhelekanga endakha ndadibana naye), kodwa andikho kuFacebook okanye kwimidiya yoluntu. Ngokwenene ndiyayithanda into yokuba i-googling igama lam alifumani ziphumo malunga nam. Andazi ukuba ndikulungele na ukuyeka ukonwaba kwam ukungabikho kwi-intanethi. Uyaphambana lo?”
Kwakubonakala ngathi iphambene kum, kodwa ndabuza ukuba angathanda na ukuzichaza kubafundi. Nantsi indlela azichaza ngayo:
“Ndiyimvumi eqeqeshelwe ukucula (ikhululekile ngakumbi ukudlala isixhobo kunokuthetha phambi kwabantu), ndigxile kwizifundo zeelwimi yaye ndinomdla kwintsingiselo nobunyani bamazwi nezenzo. Uzalelwe kwaye wakhulela kwilizwe lamakomanisi, ndimamele ngokufihlakeleyo iRadio Free Europe ngelixa wayekhula, ephethe zonke iinkululeko zoluntu zaphulwa ngokunzulu, ukanti wakhuliswa simahla ngabazali abamangalisayo (ngoncedo lweencwadi kunye nomculo) ababesazi ukuba singasinceda njani ukuba sifumane isazisi sethu. ngokuzimeleyo kwizinyanzeliso zoluntu. Bendisoloko ndicatshukiswa ngokunzulu nangaluphi na uhlobo lokungabikho kokusesikweni okanye ubuxoki, kwaye ukususela ebuntwaneni ndandidla ngokungena engxakini ngokumela nokuthethelela iinkolelo zam nabantu ababexhatshazwa ngandlel’ ithile (into ehlala ihleli. ibindixaka abantu abadala nabasemagunyeni, kuba ndineentloni kakhulu kwaye ndiziphethe kakuhle). Ndazifumana ndiphantse ndagxothwa kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ngenxa yokwala ukuthatha inxaxheba kumsitho owawuphikisana nokuba ndingubani. Kwaye andisebenzi ngeeCawe.
Xa ndibona indlela umhlaba oqhubeka uwohloka ngayo kwaye usiya uphambana ngakumbi, ndaqala ukucinga ukuba mhlawumbi ndiyaphambana ngokufuna ihlabathi elingcono kunelo sele liqhelekile. Ukukhubeka kwiincwadi zikaRobert Jensen kundenze ndaqonda ukuba ayindim kuphela umntu ‘ophambeneyo’ emhlabeni. Kufuna isibindi ukulandela indlela abanye abangayihoyiyo okanye abayikhanyelayo, ukuthetha ngezinto abanye ngokwezopolitiko ngokuchanekileyo batshayela phantsi kombhobho, ukufuna ukujongana noloyiko lwakho kunye neentlungu eziza nokuvuma inyaniso, kunye nokunikela ilizwi intlungu, uloyiko, kunye nokuhlaziswa kwabo bajongelwa phantsi ngenxa yokungabi nabuntu.”
Nalu udliwano-ndlebe, olwenziwe nge-imeyile, kwinyanga ephelileyo:
~~~
Ngubani uRobert Jensen? Unokuzichaza njani?
URobert Jensen: Ndiyinkwenkwe elula evela ethafeni. Ndaqala ngolo hlobo ukuzichaza xa ndizibona ndikwindawo ezininzi endingazange ndizicinge xa ndikhula. Ndazalelwa ndaza ndakhulela kuMntla Dakota ndinolangazelelo olungephi. Ndandingumfundi olungileyo, kuloo ndlela wayeziphethe kakuhle ngayo, ekhutheleyo, kwaye engaphezulu nje kancinane kwindlela eqhelekileyo eyayibenza ootitshala bonwabe. Ndenza loo nto ndiyixelelwayo, andizange ndibangele. Andizange ndiphume kwimvelaphi yobukrelekrele okanye yezopolitiko, kwaye andinasiphiwo. Ngoko ke, xa ndazifumana ndinePh.D., ndifundisa kwiyunivesithi enkulu, ukupapasha iincwadi, kunye nezopolitiko ezikhutheleyo kwi-feminism kunye nekhohlo - eyayibandakanya ukuhamba okuninzi, kuquka namazwe ngamazwe okokuqala ebomini bam konke kunzima ukuyiqonda. Ndandidla ngokubiza umhlobo xa ndisendleleni ndibuze, "Inkwenkwe yaseFargo, ND, yaphela njani apha?" Ndiqhubeka ndicinga ukuba "Ndiyinkwenkwe elula evela ethafeni" yinkcazo echanekileyo ngam.
Ubunjani ubuntwana bakho? Ubungumntwana owonwabileyo? Zeziphi ezona nkumbulo zakho zintle nezimbi zelo xesha?
RJ: Ndisakhangela amagama endinokuwasebenzisa esidlangalaleni ukuchaza ubuntwana bam. Ubomi bentsapho yam babuchazwa yintlungu yokuxhatshazwa nokunxila. Ndichithe iminyaka yam yokuqala ndisoyika ngokungapheliyo kwaye ndandindedwa kakhulu ekujonganeni nolo loyiko. Hayi ke, ndandingengomntwana owonwabileyo. Andinazo iinkumbulo ezininzi ezicacileyo zelo xesha, nto leyo eyenye indlela ingqondo yomntu ejongana ngayo nomothuko, ukucinezela iinkumbulo ezizizo ngalo. Ndicinga ukuba esinye isizathu sokuba ukugxeka ngokugqithisileyo kwabasetyhini ngobundlobongela bamadoda kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kwavela kum kukuba ibonelele ngesakhelo esihambelanayo sokuqonda kungekhona nje uluntu kodwa kunye namava am. Ndaye ndabona ukuba okwenzekileyo kusapho lwam yayingekokuphambuka kwibutho labantu elisempilweni ngenye indlela kodwa yayisisiphumo esiqikelelwayo soluntu olungenampilo.
Ngabaphi ababhali abebebalulekile ekuncedeni ukuba uqonde oko?
RJ: Ndinike i- ukufunda kanye apho ndaye ndachonga ababhali ababalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwam kwengqondo kunye nezopolitiko: u-Andrea Dworkin (ubufazi), uJames Baldwin (izigxeko zokongamela kwabamhlophe), uNoam Chomsky (izigxeko zobungxowankulu kunye ne-impiriyali), kunye noWes Jackson (uhlalutyo lwendalo). Kukho inyambalala yabanye ababhali abebebalulekile kuphuhliso lwam, kodwa ezo ziintsika zam, abantu abaqale bandivulela iindlela ezintsha zokucinga ngehlabathi. Bandinceda ukuba ndiqonde kungekuphela nje imiba ethile ababhale ngayo kodwa indlela edibana ngayo yonke into, ukugxeka okuhambelanayo kolawulo.
I-radical feminism ingundoqo ekubhaleni kwakho. Yintoni i-radical feminism?
RJ: Ubufazi bubukrelekrele kunye neshishini lezopolitiko - oko kukuthi, lucazululo kunye nokugxekwa kwe-patriarchy, kunye nentshukumo yokucela umngeni kwigunya elingekho mthethweni eliphuma kwi-patriarchy. Uninzi lomsebenzi wobufazi ugxile kulawulo lwamadoda kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwabasetyhini, kodwa ubufazi kufuneka bube kukugatya rhoqo ukulawulwa / ukuzithoba okukhoyo kwezinye iindawo ezininzi zobomi, ngakumbi kulawulo lwabamhlophe, ubungxowankulu, kunye ne-impiriyali. Ndicinga ukuba i-radical feminism ifezekisa oko ngokupheleleyo. I-Radical feminism ichonga ubunzulu bebango lamadoda lokuba ngumnikazi okanye ukulawula amandla okuzala kwabasetyhini kunye nokwabelana ngesondo kwabasetyhini, nokuba kungobundlobongela okanye ukunyanzeliswa kwenkcubeko. I-radical feminism yandinceda ukuba ndiqonde indlela ubudoda obunzulu obulukwe ngayo kwilaphu lobomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nokuba kusembindini wolawulo / ukuzithoba okuchaza ihlabathi. Nantsi indlela endiyibeke ngayo kutsha nje inqaku:
"Kangangamawaka eminyaka - ixesha elide kunezinye iinkqubo zengcinezelo zikhona - amadoda aye afuna ilungelo lokuba ngabanini okanye ukulawula abafazi. Oko akuthethi ukuba oosolusapho badala ukubandezeleka okungaphezulu namhlanje kunezinye iinkqubo - eneneni, kukho ukubandezeleka okuninzi kangangokuba ukuzama ukulinganisa akunakwenzeka - kodwa kuphela loo solusapho ibe yinxalenye yamava omntu ixesha elide. Nantsi enye indlela yokuthetha oku: Ukongama kwabamhlophe akuzange kubekho ngaphandle kosolusapho. Ubungxowankulu abuzange bubekho ngaphandle kosolusapho. Impiriyali ayizange ibekho ngaphandle kosolusapho.”
Kunjani ukuba yindoda elwela amalungelo amabhinqa kweli hlabathi lilawulwa yingcamango yokuba “amadoda ayalawula,” emi phambi kwabantu ubaxelela ukuba bafanele bayeke ukuba ngamadoda?
RJ: Umyalezo wam awungowokuba amadoda makayeke ukuba ngamadoda. Umntu oyindoda akanakuyeka ukuba yindoda, kunjalo. Kodwa sinokuyikhaba ingcamango yobudoda kwi-patriarchy, esiqeqeshela ukufuna ukongamela. Xa abantu begxeka “ubudoda obuyityhefu,” ibinzana elidumileyo eUnited States kule mihla, ndicebisa ukuba "ubudoda kwi-patriarchy" ichaneke ngakumbi. Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo kunye neziyityhefu zobudoda kufuneka zipheliswe, ngokucacileyo, kodwa kufanele ukuba kupheliswe “ukwabelana ngesondo okunobubele” okuxhaphakileyo kwi-patriarchy. Ingxoxo yam emadodeni ilula: Ukuba siyasokola ukodlula ubudoda kwi-patriarchy, sinokulususa ugxininiso oluthi phithi “kwindlela yokuba yindoda” kumbuzo oluncedo ngakumbi wokuba sinokuba ngabantu abafanelekileyo njani.
Ithini inkcazo yakho "ukubangumntu"? Uthini nge "umfazi, "Kwaye"indoda” (hayi njengoko yakhiwe ngoosolusapho)?
RJ: Ndingatsho ukuba sonke kufuneka sisokole ukuze sibe ngabantu ngokupheleleyo kuluntu oluhlala luvuza ububi. Andinayo inkcazo kakhulu njengoluhlu lwezinto ezininzi esizifunayo - ingqiqo enzulu yokunxibelelana nabanye engakujongeli phantsi ukuhlola ubuntu bethu; iindawo zokuyila eziyinxalenye yomntu, ezithatha iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke emntwini; uluntu olukhuselekileyo olungafuni ukuba sicinezele into eyenza ukuba ngamnye wethu ahluke. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba ngumntu kukulinganisa imfuno yokuzinikela kuluntu apho sinokuziva sikhuselekile kwaye sithandwa, kunye nemfuno ebaluleke ngokulinganayo yokubonakalisa umntu ngamnye. Ndicinga ukuba ilungile kakhulu enye kubafazi namadoda. Kodwa kwi-patriarchy, yonke loo nto ilukhuni kwiindidi zendoda (eyongamileyo) kunye neyesifazana (engaphantsi). Kuloo nkqubo, kunzima ukuba nabani na abe ngumntu ngokupheleleyo.
Uthetha nge iingenelo ukuba a “Indoda emhlophe ethandana nabantu besini esahlukileyo, ndisebenza umsebenzi ohlawula ngaphezu komvuzo endiwuthandayo, ndihlala eUnited States.” Ziziphi izinto ezingalunganga kuyo yonke loo nto?
RJ: Andazi ukuba ndingakubiza ngokuba yinto engalunganga, kodwa ndicinga ukuba uninzi lwethu abalufumananga ilungelo kunye namandla - nokuba siyayivuma okanye hayi - siyazi ukuba asiyifanelanga, nto leyo eyenza uninzi lwethu lube noloyiko lokuba. nayiphi na impumelelo esiye saba nayo yinkohliso. Yaye xa sisilela, imvakalelo yokuba nelungelo isikhokelela ngokufuthi kakhulu ekubekek’ ityala oko kusilela kwabanye. Kodwa kumlinganiselo weengxaki zehlabathi, oko akubanga phezulu kakhulu. Kukho ingxoxo ephikisanayo e-United States yokuba kwixesha leenkcubeko ezininzi, ngandlela-thile ngamadoda amhlophe angabona bacinezelekileyo abambalwa, nto leyo ebubudenge. Ubomi bam bonke ndiye ndafumana inzuzo echuliweyo eyafikayo kuba abantu abaqhuba ilizwe endihlala kulo nendisebenza kulo bakhangeleka njengam kwaye bandiqhawula, amaxesha amaninzi ngeendlela ebendingazi. Ndimamele uninzi lwabafana abamhlophe abaphakathi bekhala malunga nokuba kunzima kangakanani kubo. Impendulo yam ithi, "Njengendoda emhlophe ephakathi, ndingangqina ukuba kulula kangakanani na esinayo." Xa ndisithi ndingumntu ophakathi, andibi glib. Njengaye nabani na, ndinobuchule obahlukahlukeneyo, kodwa andibalaseleli kuyo nantoni na. Ndicinga ngokwamkela loo nyaniso ngam, ukuba ndingumndilili omhle, ndiye ndakwazi ukuphuhlisa izakhono endinazo ngokupheleleyo kunokuba ndihlale ndizama ukubonisa ukuba ndikhethekile. Ndandidla ngokuxelela abafundi ukuba imfihlelo yempumelelo yam yayikukuba ndiphakathi, kwaye ndiyayazi, kwaye ke ndingayenza eyona nto ingcono. Loo nto yenza kube lula ukuba nombulelo ngawo onke amathuba endiwafumeneyo.
Mva nje ndifumene igama elithi "Imifanekiso engamanyala,” ichazwa “njengendlela yokuziphatha, enesitayile kunye neyolonwabo yokuzonwabisa yabantu abadala ngokwesondo” (“iphonografi ekwi-intanethi yabasetyhini nabasetyhini”). Ngaba ikho into efana nephonografi enemilinganiselo yokuziphatha? Iinkcazelo kwenye yezi sayithi zithi: “incasa entle… ingqokelela yeefoto ezimbi kakhulu” ezibonisa ingqwalasela ngakumbi kulonwabo lwenkanuko kunye nesondo elishushu. Umnqweno wokuvusa inkanuko yabasetyhini, ngendlela elungeleleneyo nenenyani ngakumbi yokwanelisa ngokwesondo ngolonwabo olulinganayo… nelaphu kumabhinqa eyanikela isini esinentsingiselo nesimnandi ngokwenene.” Ukanti yonke imbono, isenzo, kunye neendlela zokwenyani ziyafana “neporn yakudala.” Ngaba iphonografi ayikho nje iphonografi, i-anti-human, kungakhathaliseki ukuba wenza njani?
RJ: Sinokuqala ngokuqonda ukuba iphonografi eveliswa ngaphandle kokuxhaphaza amabhinqa ilunge ngakumbi kunephonografi apho ukuxhatshazwa okunjalo kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Iphonografi engabonakalisi ukuba amabhinqa athotywe ngenxa yolonwabo lwamadoda angcono kunombono oqhelekileyo ovuselela ukulawulwa kwamadoda kwabasetyhini. Kodwa mininzi imibuzo eseleyo, njengoko usitsho. Kutheni le nto into ebizwa ngokuba yi-pornography okanye i-feminist ye-feminist ibonakala ifana ne-pornography eqhelekileyo? Kwaye, okona kubaluleke ngakumbi, ngaba kusempilweni ukwamkela inkcubeko yoosolusapho yokuthanda ukufumana uyolo lwezesondo ngokuxoxisana nabanye? Ngamanye amazwi, umbuzo omnye ngulo, "Yintoni ekwisikrini kwiphonografi?" kwaye enye ithi, "Kutheni ubulili babantu abaninzi bugxile kakhulu kwizikrini?" Ukuba ngokwabelana ngesondo asifuni nje ukuzonwabisa kodwa ubuhlobo obusondeleyo kunye nokunxibelelana nomnye umntu, kutheni sicinga ukuba imifanekiso ecacileyo iya kunceda? Ngaba loo mifanekiso isinika uhlobo lolonwabo esilufuna ngokwenene? Kum, impendulo nguhayi. Andiqondi ukuba imifanekiso ecacileyo yezesondo ingalomeleza uhlobo lonxibelelwano neqabane lam endilixabisayo. Ndiyaqaphela ukuba abanye abantu beza kwezinye izigqibo, kodwa ndicinga ukuba wonke umntu uya kuzuza ngokubonakalisa oko silahlekelwayo xa ubomi obuninzi-kubandakanywa nokusondelana-kuphakathi, kuza kuthi ngesikrini.
Zeziphi ezona mpawu (ubuhle) ezibalulekileyo zomntu? Zeziphi iziphene/iintsilelo zomntu ezinokwenza ukuba ubalekele kude kwaye ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka?
RJ: Ndicinga ukuba xa sibona iziphene zethu kwabanye, singabagxeka kakhulu. Ke, andinako ukumelana nabantu abeza emgwebeni ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokumamela omnye umntu ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo. Ngamanye amazwi, ndiyazi kakuhle indlela endihlala ndingenamonde ngayo. Eyona nto ndiyixabisa kakhulu kwabanye, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba iyinyani phantse kuthi sonke, sisikhundla sovelwano. Okukhona ndisiya ndikhula, kokukhona kuya kuba lula ukuqonda iintsilelo zam, yaye ndinethemba lokuba oko kundenza ndibe novelwano ngakumbi kwabanye.
Ungabanika liphi icebiso abantwana, ingakumbi amakhwenkwe, kungekuphela nje ngobudoda nobufazi kodwa ngobomi ngokubanzi namhlanje?
RJ: Bendiya kuqala ngokuqonda ukuba into esiyenzayo idla ngokubaluleke ngakumbi kunoko sikuthethayo. Abantu abadala banokuxelela abantwana into esiyikholelwayo, kodwa abantwana bayasijonga ukuze babone ukuba senza ngendlela ehambelana nezo ngxelo. Ngokomzekelo, ndingacebisa ukuba abantwana bafumane ihlabathi ngokuthe ngqo kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwaye balumkele ukuvumela izikrini - iikhomputha, imidlalo yevidiyo, umabonwakude - uchaze ubomi babo. Elo cebiso linentsingiselo kuphela ukuba ndingumzekelo wokuziphatha okufanayo. Kubalulekile ukuxelela abantwana ukuba bangathinteli imilinganiselo yesini sika-patriarchal, kodwa kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuphepha ukuqinisa ezo zithethe kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
Liliphi icebiso onokuthi ulinike ulutsha olukhulileyo, okanye ngaloo nto, nawuphi na umntu omdala?
RJ: Xa ndandifundisa, ndazifumanisa ndiphindaphinda, ngokuphindaphindiweyo, izinto ezintathu: “Zombini ezi zinto ziyinyaniso; “Abantu abanengqiqo banokungavumelani;” kwaye "Sonke siyafana, kwaye kukho ukuhluka kwabantu abaninzi kwiintlobo zabantu." Eyokuqala imalunga nokuqaphela ukuntsokotha. Kudidi lwam lomthetho wemithombo yeendaba, umzekelo, ndingabonisa ukuba umbono obanzi wenkululeko yokuthetha ubalulekile kwidemokhrasi, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kubalulekile ukuba sohlwaye uhlobo oluthile lwentetho (indelelo, intetho ehlukumezayo kwiimeko ezithile, izoyikiso. ) kuba intetho inokubangela umonakalo obonakalayo esifuna ukuwunqanda. Zombini ezi zinto ziyinyani. Owesibini uyaqonda ukuba ekuvavanyeni ukuntsokotha, kufuneka sifikelele kwizigqibo ezahlukeneyo kwaye kufuneka sisebenze ukuqonda ukuba kutheni kwaye singacingi ukuba omnye umntu usisidenge. Eyesithathu sisikhumbuzo sokuba siluhlobo olunye kwaye zonke ziyafana, kodwa akukho babini bethu bafana ncam. Akukho nalunye kwezo zinto zintathu ziqatshelweyo ezinzulu ngakumbi; ngokwenene ziyinyani nje. Kodwa kufuneka sikhunjuzwe ngazo rhoqo.
Ngayo yonke into eyenzekileyo kwezi nyanga zidlulileyo-bonke obo bomi kunye neendlela zokuphila zichithelwe intiyo, ubuhlanga, okungekho sikweni, i-COVID-19, ngonyulo kunye neziganeko ezingqongileyo - ngaba kubonakala ngathi abantu bafundile kuyo yonke le nto? Ngaba kukho uvelwano ngakumbi, ukuqonda ngakumbi, ngakumbi ubuntu? Kuba kuyo yonke into endiyibonayo kwihlabathi liphela, kubonakala ngathi sindindisholo ngakumbi, silele, kwaye asazi, asikhathali, sizicingela ngakumbi nangaphezulu kunangaphambili.
RJ: Njengamaxesha onke, kukho iindaba ezilungileyo kunye neendaba ezimbi apho. Akunzima ukufumana imizekelo yabantu abajikayo kubuntu bethu ekwabelwana ngabo baze bafune ukuziva bongamile kunye nokongamela, imizekelo yokubawa iqatsele ebusweni bobuhlwempu obungaka. Kwakhona kulula ukufumana abantu benza kanye okwahlukileyo, bethatha umngcipheko ukuzama ukuzisa uluntu apho uvelwano luyinto eqhelekileyo kunye nezibonelelo kwabelwana ngokulinganayo. Esi sisikhumbuzo nje sokuba indalo yomntu iyaguquguquka kwaye iplastiki - kukho uluhlu olubanzi lokubonakaliswa kwendalo yethu, kwaye abantu banokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kodwa ngeli xesha eUnited States, kunzima ukonwaba. Abezopolitiko bahlala bethetha izinto ezimbini ezibonisa ukuba sinzulu kangakanani ekukhanyeni njengoluntu malunga nayo yonke le nto. Enye, ngokuphendula ukoyikeka kwamva nje, “ayisiyiyo le nto siyiyo njengesizwe,” xa ngokuqinisekileyo iyinxalenye yabantu esiyiyo njengesizwe, nangona abanye befuna ukuyihoya loo nto. Enye ithi "akukho nto singenakuyifeza xa sisebenza kunye," bubudenge nje obucacileyo. Kukho imida ye-biophysical ekungekho luluntu olunokuyihoya ngonaphakade, nangona uqoqosho lwangoku lwabathengi bongxowankulu lusikhuthaza ukuba singayihoyi loo nyaniso. Iingxaki zendalo esijongene nazo, kubandakanywa kodwa zingaphelelanga kutshintsho lwemozulu olukhawulezayo, zisisiphumo sohlobo lokungahoyi loo mida, kunye ne-United States ehamba phambili.
Likhangeleka njani ikamva kwisijikelezi-langa sethu, kuluntu? Ngaba likho ithemba ngathi?
RJ: Masiqale ngento ecacileyo: Akukho themba lokuba inani labantu abazibhiliyoni ezisibhozo abanenqanaba langoku lokusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo namhlanje banokuqhubeka ngokungenasiphelo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba oku kusetyenziswa akusasazwanga ngokulinganayo, kwaye ukungabikho kokusesikweni kufuneka kulungiswe. Kodwa kufuneka sijongane nenyaniso yokuba imibutho yamandla aphezulu / yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ayinakugcinwa kungakhathaliseki ukuba izinto zihanjiswa njani. Isiphelo senkqubo yangoku yezoqoqosho nezopolitiko siya kuba kule nkulungwane, mhlawumbi kungekudala kakhulu kunokuba silindele, kwaye akukho mntu waziyo ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni emva koko. Isishwankathelo sam sekamva "encinci nangaphantsi." Kuya kubakho abantu abambalwa abatya amandla amancinci kunye nezibonelelo, kwaye ukucwangcisa kufuneka kugxininise kwindlela yokwenza ikamva elinjalo libe nobuntu kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Uninzi lwabantu - nokuba ngakwesobunxele okanye kwintshukumo yokusingqongileyo - abafuni ukujongana naloo nto, ubuncinci ngenxa yokuba akukho mntu unesicwangciso sendlela yokusuka apho sikhoyo namhlanje ukuya kuluntu oluzinzileyo olunomgangatho wokusetyenziswa ozinzileyo. . Kodwa ngumngeni lowo. Njengohlobo oluthile, siya kusilela. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba siyeke ukuzama ukuyiqonda. Asizukulisindisa ihlabathi njengoko silazi, kodwa ubuzaza bokubandezeleka kwabantu kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwendalo kunokuncitshiswa.
Ngaba ubugcisa bubalulekile kuwe kulo mzabalazo? Ngaba unayo imvumi oyithandayo? Iimuvi? Iinoveli?
RJ: Kubantu abaninzi, ubugcisa bubalulekile ekumelaneni nezi nyani. Andityekelanga kangako kubugcisa, nokuba kukwitalente okanye kwizinto endinomdla kuzo. Ndiyathanda ukubukela iimuvi kwaye ndifunde iinoveli ngoku ngamaxesha, kwaye ndimamele nomculo. Kodwa njengoko ndandisiya ndikhula, ndatsalela ingqalelo ekugxininiseni ngakumbi kumsebenzi wezobupolitika nowobungqondi. Oko kuthetha, ndineemvumi / ababhali beengoma ezimbini endizithandayo. Enye yi UJohn Gorka, endaqala ukumva kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo, yaye ngoko nangoko ndawathanda amabali eengoma zakhe. Ndingumnikazi wayo yonke into ayibhalileyo. Okwesibini ngu Eliza Gilkyson. Ndeva enye yeerekhodi zakhe phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1980 kwaye ndayithanda kodwa andizange ndiwulandele umsebenzi wakhe. Ngo-2005, ndadibana naye kumsitho wezopolitiko e-Austin, TX, apho sasihlala sobabini, saza saba ngabahlobo. Ndaqalisa ukuphulaphula iiCD zakhe yaye ndachukumiseka ngokukhethekileyo kumgangatho weengoma zakhe kunye nelizwi lakhe. Ubuhlobo buguquke baba kubudlelwane bothando kwaye sitshatile ngoku. Kwafumaniseka ukuba yena noJohn babengabahlobo, yaye mva nje bebefundisa ukubhala iingoma zocweyo kunye. Ndikwimeko enqwenelekayo yokwazi iimvumi zam ezimbini endizithandayo, zombini zinesiphiwo esimangalisayo esinamagama, sokwenza amava omntu - omabini amacala ezopolitiko kunye nawobuqu obomi - aphile kwiingoma.
Nantoni na ongathanda ukuthetha ngayo, kodwa abantu abadli ngokubuza okanye abafuni kuyiva.
RJ: Kudliwano-ndlebe, sivame ukugxila kwizinto ezisenza sibonakale silungile. Sibalisa ibali elivakala lihambelana, kodwa ubomi bokwenyani buyingcoliso. Ndiyakuthanda xa abantu bendibuza ngeempazamo endizenzileyo, izinto ezibubudenge endizenzileyo, iingcamango endandikade ndikholelwa kuzo endizigatyayo ngoku. Mininzi imizekelo yoko kubomi bam bomntu, kunjalo. Kodwa ndicinga ngokuthe ngqo ukuba kwandithatha ixesha elingakanani ukuza kuhlalutyo olubalulekileyo lolawulo / ukuzithoba okuguquguqukayo. Kwiminyaka yam yama-20s, ndaba nexesha leminyaka eliqela apho ndandingumntu okhohlakeleyo wenkululeko kunye nomthandi wokubhalwa kwe-Ayn Rand. Ngaxa lithile, ndicinga ukuba bendinazo zonke iincwadi azibhalileyo. Xa ndikhangela emva, ndicinga ukuba ndiyasiqonda isizathu. Kukho ingqwalasela eninzi, eyakhayo nengalunganga, ehlawulwe kumbhiyozo weRandi wokunyoluka nobutyebi, kodwa loo nto ayizange ibe ngumtsalane wam kwiincwadi zakhe. Andizange ndifune ukuba sisityebi okanye ndifumane isizathu sokubawa. Ndicinga ukuba uthandwa ngabantu abancinci abaninzi abakhubazekileyo - uhlobo lomntu endandinguye kwiminyaka yam yama-20 - kuba uthembisa ubomi obungenabunzima beemvakalelo. IRandi yakha umntu ofezekileyo njengesidalwa esikhetha lonke ubudlelwane ngokufanelekileyo, okuchaza ukuba akukho mntu wakha waphila, kuquka naye. Ayilohlobo lwezilwanyana esilulo. Sizalelwa kuluntu kwaye asikwazi ukwenza ingqiqo yethu njengabantu ngabanye ngaphandle koluntu. Iincwadi zakhe zibonelela ngenkohliso yokuba, ngokunyanzelwa komntu ngamnye, sinokuthi, sibaleke kubo bonke ububi bokuphila nabanye. Inika umdla into yokuba ubomi bukaRand bube bubugxwayiba bukaloliwe, ndiyarhanela kuba wayekholelwa kwezo nkohliso kwaye akazange alwamkele ngokwenene uhlobo lwezidalwa esiyilo thina bantu. Ingcinga yam yeyokuba wayeyoyika kakhulu eminye imiba yehlabathi lokwenyani-mhlawumbi intlungu yokulahleka kunye nokulahlwa- kangangokuba wabalekela kwihlabathi leentsomi alidalileyo. Ndicinga ukuba eso sisikhumbuzo esihle sendlela uloyiko olungasiqhubela ngayo sonke kwindawo engenangqondo ukuba siyayivumela. Ngapha koko, ndithe ndakuqala ukuyiqonda loo nto, ndashenxa ekubhaleni kukaRand ndaza ndaqalisa ukwakha umbono wehlabathi owandivumela ukuba ndijongane kungekuphela nje noloyiko lwam kodwa kunye noloyiko oluhlangeneyo lwenkcubeko, endaweni yokubaleka.
URobert Jensen nguNjingalwazi weEmeritus kwi Isikolo soBuntatheli kunye neMedia e IYunivesithi yaseTexas eAustin kunye nelungu lebhodi yabasekayo Iziko leZibonelelo zamatshantliziyo kuNxweme lwesithathu. Uyasebenzisana kunye Izifundo ze-Ecosphere Inkqubo kwi Iziko loMhlaba e Salina, KS.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela