NgoLwesihlanu, ngoDisemba 8, iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo IBhunga lezoKhuseleko yadibana phantsi kweNqaku lama-99 okwesihlandlo sesine kuphela kwimbali yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo. ISiqendu 99 lilungiselelo likaxakeka elivumela uNobhala Jikelele ukuba abize iBhunga ukuba liphendule kwintlekele โesongela ukugcinwa koxolo nokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe.โ Izihlandlo zangaphambili yayikukuhlasela kweBelgian eCongo ngowe-1960, intlekele yokubanjelwa kuMzi Wozakuzo wase-US e-Iran ngowe-1979 kunye neMfazwe Yamakhaya yaseLebhanon ngowe-1989.
Unobhala-Jikelele u-Antonio Guterres xelelwe kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko ukuba wasebenzisa iSiqendu 99 ukuba afune ukuba โkuyekwe imfazwe ngoko nangokoโ eGaza kuba โsikwinqanaba lokuqhawuka,โ kwaye โsisemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuwohloka ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo yenkxaso yoluntu eGaza.โ I-United Arab Emirates iye yaqulunqa isigqibo sokupheliswa komlilo esathi ngokukhawuleza safumana abaxhasi abangama-97.
IWorld Food Programme inike ingxelo yokuba iGaza iselunxwemeni lobunzima indlala, ngabantu abasi-9 kwabali-10 abachitha imini yonke bengenakutya. Kwiintsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba uGuterres acele i-Article 99, iRafah yayikuphela kwezithili ezihlanu zaseGaza apho i-UN inokuhambisa naluphi na uncedo.
UNobhala Jikelele wagxininisa ukuba "Inkohlakalo eyenziwa yi-Hamas ayinakuze igwebe isohlwayo esihlangeneyo sabantu basePalestina ... Umthetho wobuntu wamazwe ngamazwe awunakusetyenziswa ngokukhethayo. Ibophelela kuwo onke amaqela ngokulinganayo ngamaxesha onke, kwaye isinyanzelo sokuyithobela ayixhomekekanga kukubuyisana.โ
UMnu Guterres waqukumbela, "Abantu baseGaza bajonge enzonzobileni ... Amehlo ehlabathi - kunye namehlo embali - abukele. Lixesha lokuba senze okuthile.โ
Amalungu eZizwe eziManyeneyo azise izicelo ezicacileyo, ezicengayo zokupheliswa koluntu ngoko nangoko esicelwe sisigqibo, kwaye iBhunga labotela ishumi elinesithathu kwelinye, i-UK yala, ukuba yamkele isigqibo. Kodwa ivoti enye echasene ne-United States, elinye lamalungu amahlanu asisigxina eBhunga lezoKhuseleko, lasibulala isigqibo, lishiya iBhunga lingakwazi ukwenza njengoko uNobhala Jikelele walumkisa ukuba kufuneka.
Le yayiyi-veto yeshumi elinesithandathu yeBhunga lezoKhuseleko lase-US ukusukela ngo-2000 - kwaye ishumi elinesine kwezo Iivoti bekufuneka bakhusele uSirayeli kunye/okanye umgaqo-nkqubo we-US kuSirayeli kunye nePalestine kwisenzo samazwe ngamazwe okanye ekuphenduleni. Ngelixa iRussia neTshayina ziye zavota izisombululo kwimiba eyahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela, ukusuka eMyanmar ukuya eVenezuela, akukho kungqamana kusetyenziso olungaqhelekanga lwe-US lwe-veto yayo ikakhulu ukubonelela ngokungohlwaywa okukhethekileyo phantsi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kwelinye ilizwe.
Iziphumo zale veto ayinakuba nzima ngakumbi. Njengoko unozakuzaku we-UN waseBrazil uSรฉrgio Franรงa Danese uxelele iBhunga, ukuba i-US ibingasiphikisanga isigqibo sangaphambili esabhalwa yiBrazil nge-18 ka-Okthobha, "amawakawaka abantu ebeya kusindiswa." Yaye njengoko ummeli waseIndonesia wabuza, โBangaphi abanye abamele bafe ngaphambi kokuba lupheliswe olu hlaselo? 20,000? 50,000? 100,000?โ
Ukulandela i-veto yangaphambili yase-US yokuphelisa imfazwe kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko, iNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yathatha ikhwelo lehlabathi lokuphelisa imfazwe, kunye nesigqibo, esixhaswa nguJordani, kudlula ngeevoti ze-120 kwi-14, kunye nama-45 abstentions. Amazwe amancinci ali-12 avote kunye ne-United States kunye ne-Israel amele ngaphantsi kwe-1% yabemi behlabathi.
Isikhundla esizimele sozakuzo apho i-United States yazifumana ifanele ukuba ibe lucingo lokuvuka, ngakumbi eza kwiveki emva kokuvota kweDatha yeNkqubela yafumanisa ukuba i-66% yabantu baseMelika. zixhaswe ukupheliswa komlilo, ngelixa i-poll yaseMariiv yafumanisa ukuba ngama-29% kuphela AmaSirayeli axhasa uhlaselo lwaseGaza.
Emva kokuba iUnited States iphinda yawubetha ucango lweBhunga lezoKhuseleko ebusweni bePalestina ngoDisemba 8, imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokuphelisa ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi eGaza yabuyela kwiNgqungquthela yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ngoDisemba 12. evunywe ngevoti ye-153 ukuya kwi-10, kunye neevoti ezingama-33 ezongezelelekileyo kunezo zika-Oktobha. Ngelixa izigqibo zeNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo zingabopheleli, zithwala ubunzima bezopolitiko, kwaye le nto ithumela umyalezo ocacileyo wokuba uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe luyayicekisa imbubhiso eGaza.
Esinye isixhobo esinamandla esinokusetyenziswa lihlabathi ukuzama ukunyanzela ukuba kupheliswe le ndyikityha yokufa Ingqungquthela yohlanga, ezithe zaqinisekiswa yi-Israel ne-United States. Kuthatha ilizwe elinye kuphela ukuzisa ityala phambi kweNkundla yoBulungisa yaMazwe ngaMazwe (ICJ) phantsi kweNgqungquthela, kwaye, ngelixa amatyala anokutsala iminyaka, i-ICJ inokuthatha amanyathelo okuqala ukukhusela amaxhoba okwangoku.
NgoJanuwari 23, 2020, iNkundla yenjenjalo kanye loo nto kwityala eliziswe yiGambia ngokuchasene neMyanmar, etyhola ukubulawa kwabantu abambalwa ngeRohingya. Kwiphulo lomkhosi elikhohlakeleyo ngasekupheleni kuka-2017, iMyanmar yabulala amashumi amawaka eRohingya kwaye yatshisa iilali ezininzi. AmaRohingya angama-740,000 600,000 abalekela eBangladesh, yaye iphulo elixhaswa yiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo lokukhangela izibakala lafumanisa ukuba abantu abangama-XNUMX XNUMX abaseleyo eMyanmar โbasenokujamelana nesisongelo sokubulawa kwabantu ngakumbi kunangaphambili.โ
I-China yavala ukuthunyelwa kwiNkundla yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-ICC) kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko, ngoko iGambia, ngokwayo iphinda ibuyele kwiminyaka eyi-20 yengcinezelo phantsi kobuzwilakhe obubi, ingenise ityala kwi-ICJ phantsi kweNgqungquthela ye-Genocide.
Oko kwavula umnyango wesigqibo esivumelanayo sabagwebi be-17 kwi-ICJ yokuba iMyanmar kufuneka ithintele ukubulawa kwabantu eRohingya, njengoko iNgqungquthela ye-Genocide yayifuna. I-ICJ ikhuphe eso sigwebo njengenyathelo lothintelo, elilingana nesigwebo sokuqala kwinkundla yasekhaya, nangona isigwebo sayo sokugqibela malunga nokufaneleka kwetyala sinokuba yiminyaka emininzi kude. Ikwayalele iMyanmar ukuba ifake ingxelo kwiNkundla rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuze ichaze indlela ekhusela ngayo iRohingya, ebonisa ukuphononongwa okuqhubekayo kokuziphatha kweMyanmar.
Ke leliphi ilizwe eliya kunyuka ukuzisa ityala le-ICJ ngokuchasene no-Israyeli phantsi kweNgqungquthela ye-Genocide? Amatshantliziyo sele exoxa loo nto neqela lamazwe. Isenzo seRoots kunye neHlabathi eliNgaphaya kweMfazwe lidale i isilumkiso sentshukumo onokuzisebenzisa ukuthumela imiyalezo kwi-10 yabona bagqatswa (South Africa, Chile, Colombia, Jordan, Ireland, Belize, Turkรฏye, Bolivia, Honduras and Brazil).
Kubekho ukwanda koxinzelelo kwiNkundla yoLwaphulo-mthetho yaMazwe ngaMazwe ukuba ichophele ityala elichasene noSirayeli. I-ICC iye yakhawuleza ukuphanda i-Hamas malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe, kodwa irhuqa iinyawo ekuphandeni uSirayeli. Emva kokutyelela kwamva nje kummandla, umtshutshisi we-ICC uKarim Khan akazange avunyelwe nguSirayeli ukuba angene eGaza, kwaye wagxekwa ngabasePalestina ngokutyelela iindawo ezihlaselwe yiHamas ngo-Oktobha 7, kodwa engakhange atyelele amakhulukhulu eendawo zokuhlala zakwa-Israel ezingekho mthethweni, iindawo zokuhlola kunye nababaleki. iinkampu kwiWest Bank ehleliyo.
Nangona kunjalo, okoko ihlabathi lijongene nokuphathwa gadalala okudabukisayo kunye nokuwohloka kwe-United States, ihlabathi liphela lixhomekeke ekunyanzeliseni umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, izenzo zezoqoqosho kunye nezozakuzo zamazwe ngamanye zinokuba nefuthe elingaphezulu kuneentetho zabo eNew York. .
Ngelixa ngokwembali kukho malunga neshumi elinambini lamazwe angazange ayibone i-Israel, kwezi nyanga zimbini zidlulileyo, iBelize neBolivia ziye zaqhawula amaqhina noSirayeli, ngelixa amanyeโiBahrain, iChad, iChile, iKholombiya, iHonduras, iJordan kunye neTurkey-batsale oonozakuzaku babo.
Amanye amazwe azama ukuba nazo zombini iindlela-egweba u-Israyeli esidlangalaleni kodwa egcina umdla wabo wezoqoqosho. KwiBhunga loKhuseleko le-UN, eYiputa ngokucacileyo watyhola u-Israyeli ngokubulawa kwabantu kunye ne-US ngokuthintela ukupheliswa kokudubula.
Kanti ke intsebenziswano ekudala ihleli iYiphutha kunye noSirayeli ekuthinteleni iGaza kunye nendima yayo eqhubekayo, nanamhlanje, ekuthinteleni ukungena koncedo loluntu eGaza ngokunqumla imida yayo, iyenza ibe yinxalenye yembubhiso eyigwebayo. Ukuba ithetha oko ikutshoyo, kufuneka ivule imida yayo yokunqumla kulo lonke uncedo loluntu olufunekayo, iphelise intsebenziswano yayo kunye ne-blockade yase-Israel kwaye iphinde iphonononge ubudlelwane bayo obungenangqondo kunye nobuthathaka kunye no-Israyeli kunye ne-United States.
I-Qatar, esebenze nzima ukuthetha-thethana malunga nokupheliswa kwe-Israel eGaza, yayithetha kakuhle ekugxekeni kwayo ukubulawa kwabantu bakwa-Israel kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko. Kodwa iQatar ibithetha egameni leBhunga leNtsebenziswano yeGulf, elibandakanya iSaudi Arabia, iBahrain kunye ne-United Arab Emirates (UAE). Phantsi koko kubizwa ngokuba zizivumelwano zika-Abraham, ii-sheikhs zase-Bahrain kunye ne-UAE ziye zayinikela umva iPalestine ukuba isayine kuhlobo oluyityhefu lobudlelwane borhwebo oluzisebenzelayo kunye nekhulu lezigidi zeedola. izivumelwano zezixhobo kunye noSirayeli.
ENew York, i-UAE ixhase isigqibo seBhunga lezoKhuseleko lamva nje, kunye nommeli walo wathi, โInkqubo yezizwe ngezizwe iya isiba mandundu. Kule mfazwe imiqondiso enokuthi ilunge, ukuthotyelwa komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wobuntu kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngubani ixhoba kunye nomenzi wobubi.โ
Kwaye okwangoku i-UAE okanye i-Bahrain azizange ziyilahle izivumelwano zabo zika-Abraham kunye no-Israyeli, okanye iindima zabo e-US "inokwenza okulungileyo" imigaqo-nkqubo eye yenze umonakalo kuMbindi Mpuma amashumi eminyaka. Ngaphezulu kwewaka labasebenzi boMkhosi woMoya wase-US kunye nenqwaba yeenqwelomoya zemfazwe zase-US zisezinze kwi-Al-Dhafra Airbase e-Abu Dhabi, ngelixa iManama e-Bahrain, esetyenziswe nguMkhosi waManzi wase-US njengesiseko ukusukela ngo-1941, ihlala ilikomkhulu le-US Fifth Fleet. .
Iingcali ezininzi ziyathelekisa uSirayeli wocalucalulo kuMzantsi Afrika wocalucalulo. Iintetho kwi-UN zisenokuba zanceda ekuthobeni ulawulo localucalulo lwaseMzantsi Afrika, kodwa inguqu ayizange ibekho de amazwe ehlabathi alamkela iphulo lehlabathi lokuwubeka bucala ngokwezoqoqosho nangokwezopolitiko.
Isizathu sokuba abaxhasi baka-Israyeli be-die-hard e-United States baye bazama ukuvala, okanye ukwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho, iphulo le-Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) ayikho into engekho mthethweni okanye echasene ne-semitic. Kungenxa yokuba ukwala, ukohlwaywa kunye nokuphambuka kwa-Israyeli kunokuba sisicwangciso esisebenzayo sokunceda ukuthoba ubutshaba, ukwanda kunye nolawulo olungenakuphendula.
Ummeli ongomnye wase-US kwi-UN uRobert Wood xelelwe IBhunga lezoKhuseleko ukuba kukho "uqhawulo olusisiseko phakathi kweengxoxo esiye saba nazo kweli gumbi kunye neenyani emhlabeni" eGaza, oku kuthetha ukuba kuphela iimbono zakwa-Israel kunye ne-US zongquzulwano zifanelwe ukuthathelwa ingqalelo.
Kodwa olona qhagamshelwano kwingcambu yale ngxaki luphakathi kwelizwe elikwanti elijonge kwiglasi laseMelika kunye nezopolitiko zakwa-Israeli kunye nelizwe lokwenyani elikhalela ukupheliswa komlilo kunye nobulungisa kubantu basePalestine.
Ngelixa i-Israel, ngeebhombu zase-US kunye ne-howitzer shells, ibulala kwaye yenza amawaka abantu abamsulwa, ihlabathi lonke liyakhwankqiswa zezi. zolwaphulo mthetho. Ingxokozelo yengca yokuphelisa le ndyikityha iyaqhubeka isakha, kodwa iinkokeli zehlabathi kufuneka zidlulele ngaphaya kweevoti ezingabophelelekanga kunye nophando lokungavumeli iimveliso zakwa-Israeli, zibeke i-embargo ekuthengisweni kwezixhobo, ukwaphula ubudlelwane bezozakuzaku kunye namanye amanyathelo aya kwenza u-Israyeli abe lilizwe le-pariah emhlabeni. iqonga.
UMedea Benjamin kunye noNicolas JS Davies bangababhali be Imfazwe e-Ukraine: Ukwenza ingqiqo yongquzulwano olungenangqiqo, epapashwe ngabakwa-OR Books ngoNovemba wama-2022.
UMedea uBenjamin ngumseki we CODEPINK yoxolo, kunye nombhali weencwadi ezininzi, kubandakanya Ngaphakathi kwe-Iran: Imbali Yembali kunye nezopolitiko zeRiphabhliki yase-Iran.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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