Uhambe ngokugqwesa kwakhe Incwadana yeendaba, Owayesakuba nguNobhala Wezabasebenzi uRobert Reich ubuza umbuzo ekusenokwenzeka ukuba usezingqondweni zabaninzi: "Kutheni abantu abaninzi bekulungele ukuvotela uTrump?"
Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ubuncinci besixhenxe iivoti zelizwe eziqhutywe yimibutho ehloniphekileyo kwezi veki zimbalwa zidlulileyo kwaye akukho namnye obonisa uBiden ebetha uTrump kumdlalo ka-2024.
UReich ucaphula ubugebenga obuninzi, ubuxoki, kunye neengxelo ezicacileyo ezithi zenziwe nguTrump, zilandelwa luluhlu lwezinto eziphunyezwe nguBiden, emva koko unike uvoto ebuza ukuba abantu bathi bavotela uzwilakhe wokuqala wenyani waseMelika ngenxa yokungazi, umsindo/ uloyiko, ubuhlanga / ubuzwe, okanye iminyaka kaBiden.
Zonke ngokungathandabuzekiyo zizinto ezibalulekileyo, kodwa ndiyakholelwa ukuba eyona nguqu inkulu kukuzimisela kwabantu baseMelika ukuthi bazovotela uTrump kulula kakhulu: isiphumo sobuntatheli obutyheli.
Andithethi ngomkhethe olula wasekhohlo/ekunene, ukhetho lwezopolitiko olubanjwe ziintatheli okanye abashicileli kunye nabahleli bamajelo eendaba esizwe. Ngelixa kukho ityala elinamandla ekufuneka lenzelwe amaqumrhu eebhiliyoni zeedola kunye namajelo eendaba amaninzi athanda irhafu ephantsi kunye nolawulo, umzekelo, umkhethe endiwubhekisayo unento yokwenza noku. mboniso.
Kwizizukulwana ezidluleyo, sabhekisela kumaphephandaba awayegxininisa amahlazo namayelenqe abantu abadumileyo “njengobuntatheli obutyheli.” Eli binzana lisukela kwiminyaka yoo-1890 xa uWilliam Randolph Hearst wathenga, ngo-1895, Journal, iphephandaba laseNew York awayesebenzisa ukukhuphisana ngempumelelo noJoseph Pulitizer owayelawula ngelo xesha Ihlabathi leNew York.
U-Hearst waqesha kude kumaphepha kaPulitzer inani lababhali abadumileyo kunye noRichard Outcault, emva koko ngoyena mzobi udumileyo wesizwe, owabhala uluhlu oludumileyo olubizwa ngokuba Umntwana Omthubi. Phakathi komzobo we-Outcault kunye nogxininiso luka-Hearst kusaziwayo kunye nochuku, ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1890 ukuya kwixesha leWWII, “ubuntatheli obutyheli” lawulwa indawo yeendaba zaseMelika.
Ngokwenyani yathatha iMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi ukutyhala imfuno yoluntu yeendaba zokwenyani kunye nengxelo enzulu- kunye nogxininiso olutsha kwingxelo esekwe kwinyani kunye nezinto phezu kweflash - ukubuyela kulawulo lwemidiya. Yazala into eyaba lixesha likaWalter Cronkite kunye noCatherine Graham, ngokunyanisekileyo, ingxelo ethembekileyo kuyo yonke into ukusuka kulwaphulo-mthetho lukaNixon lwaseWatergate ukuya kwizinto ezoyikisayo zokubulawa kukaKennedy kunye neMfazwe yaseVietnam.
UCronkite wakhuphisana noHuntley kunye noBrinkley ngokusekelwe kumgangatho wengxelo yabo kunye nokuthembeka kwemithombo yabo, njengoko kwenza amaphephandaba amakhulu kunye namaphephandaba engingqi kunye nothungelwano lweendaba zikanomathotholo.
Ndilanda ixesha langoku lobuntatheli obutyheli ukuya kwiminyaka yoo-1990, xa isizwe sasiguqulelwe ngu-Newt Gingrich kunye no-Ken Starr ongayekeleliyo kunye nokusukela uburheletya bokuthandana kukaBill Clinton noMonica Lewinsky.
Emva kokuba uReagan ephelise ukunyanzeliswa kweMfundiso yoBulungisa ngo-1987, izikhululo zikanomathotholo nezeTV azizange ziphinde zibe ngumthwalo wemfuneko “yokwenza inkqubo elungele uluntu” ukugcina amaphepha-mvume azo osasazo; zontathu iinethiwekhi ezinkulu zeTV zishukumise izahlulo zabo zeendaba - ebeziphulukene nemali ngenxa yemfuno "yeendaba zokwenyani" - phantsi kwengalo yolwahlulo lwabo lokuzonwabisa, apho bahlala khona ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje kwaye ngoku baba ngamaziko enzuzo ebalulekileyo.
Umanyano lwesizwe lukaRush Limbaugh luka-1988 kunye noRupert Murdoch ka-1996 Fox “Iindaba” zabeka ithoni yobuntatheli obutsha bexesha elityheli, ukulayisha ngaphambili - njengoko wenzayo uHearst emva ngemini - ubuntu, abantu abadumileyo, kunye nehlazo malunga neenkcukacha ezidikayo zomgaqo-nkqubo, ingxoxo, kunye iziphumo zeCongress kunye nezigqibo zikamongameli.
“Umthubi” weli xesha “wobuntatheli obutyheli,” ndingaphikisa, ngokuchanekileyo uthetha “ubugwala,” ngoku akukho mntu ukhumbulayo ikhathuni yeminyaka yee-1890. Kwaye, ngokungafaniyo nee-1890s xa kwakusekho amaphepha abandakanyeka kubuntatheli obunzulu, ubuntatheli banamhlanje obutyheli bukho kuyo yonke indawo kumajelo eendaba asetyenziswa luninzi lwabantu baseMelika.
Ngenxa yoko, ngoSeptembaWall Street Journal poll bafumanise ukuba iipesenti ezingama-52 zabavoti namhlanje bathi uTrump "unerekhodi elomeleleyo lezinto azifezileyo" kodwa ngama-40% kuphela athetha okufanayo kwiBiden.
Kwaye ngoku abaphandi baqala ukulinganisa, bebhala indlela ubuntatheli obutyheli benkulungwane yama-21 obuyiguqule ngayo imeko yethu yezopolitiko kwaye ikhokelele ekunyukeni kowona mbono ubalaseleyo: uDonald Trump kunye nabalandeli bakhe behlelo lobufascist.
The Uphononongo lweNtatheli yeColumbia, ngokungathandabuzekiyo i-premiere watchdog yengxelo yeendaba zaseMelika, isandula ukupapasha isityholo esibuhlungu sokubhengezwa kwezopolitiko The New York Times kwaye IWashington Post.
Ngenxa yokuba la maphephandaba efundwa ngokubanzi kwaye ehlonitshwa, adla ngokubeka i-ajenda kunye nethoni kuninzi lwezinye iingxelo eUnited States, kwaye yintoni Reviewyafunyanwa iyothusa:
“Zombini zigxininise umdyarho wamahashe kunye nokukhankasela ubugorha basebhotwe, amabali asebenze ngakumbi ukonwabisa abafundi kunokuba abafundise ngomahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwemibutho yezopolitiko. …
“Ngokwamanani, kumanqaku angamakhulu amane anesibhozo kwiphepha lokuqala le<em>Times ngeli xesha sihlalutyayo, malunga nesiqingatha—amakhulu amabini aneshumi elinesithoba—ayethetha ngezopolitiko zasekhaya. Utoliko lwesisa lufumene ukuba nje alishumi kula mabali achaza umgaqo-nkqubo woluntu wasekhaya kuyo nayiphi na inkcukacha; Inqaku elinye kuphela lephepha langaphambili elikhokelela kwisiqingatha somgaqo-nkqubo lixhomekeke kwingxoxo malunga nomba womgaqo-nkqubo kwiCongress: iinzame zeRiphabhlikhi zokucutha uKhuseleko loLuntu.
“Kumanqaku akwiphepha lokuqala angamakhulu amathathu anamashumi alithoba anesithathu kwiPosi, amakhulu amabini aneshumi elinesihlanu athetha ngezopolitiko zasekhaya; uphando lwethu lufumene amabali amane kuphela axoxa ngalo naluphi na uhlobo lomgaqo-nkqubo. I-Post yayingenawo amabali angaphambili kwiinyanga eziphambi kwexesha eliphakathi kwimigaqo-nkqubo abaviwa abajolise kuyo ukuzisa phambili okanye umthetho abazimisele ukuwulandela. Endaweni yoko, amanqaku aqikelela malunga nabagqatswa kwaye axoxa ukuba iziseko zabavoti zixhomekeke phi. ”
Olu lolona hlobo lufanayo lwentatheli etyheli "ingxelo" eyakhokelela kunyulo luka-2016 kwaye yasizisela uDonald Trump njengomongameli, kwaye i-echo ecacileyo yeentsuku ze-Hearst's New York. Journal.
Kodwa ayisiyiyo nje ingxelo ekhethiweyo yeendaba zosuku kunye nokuthambeka okunzima ukuya kwi-GOP (okanye, ngokuchanekileyo, ukwala okuthe gqolo ukunika ingxelo malunga nokufezekisiweyo kweBiden kunye neeDemokhrasi).
Enye into edlalwe kakhulu ngu-Hearst kwaye sele elawula into edlulayo namhlanje kubuntatheli kukuguqulwa kolindelo.
Njengoko nayiphi na i-comedian inokuxelela, impendulo yokuhleka ngokuzimeleyo ifika xa umntu ecinga ukuba uyayazi into ezayo kwaye emva koko, endaweni yoko, umangaliswe yinto engalindelekanga.
“Ndisandula ukubhabha ndisuka eNew York,” uRed Skelton wayedla ngokutsho, efile. “Mfana, ngaba iingalo zam zidiniwe!”
Kwincwadi yakhe ka-1941 Ubuntatheli baseMelika. Imbali yamaphephandaba eUnited States ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka engama-250, ngowe-1690 ukusa kowe-1940., uFrank Luther Mott waphawula ngokudumileyo uphawu lwexesha lika-Hearst:
“Xa inja iluma umntu, ayizondaba ezo, kuba iyenzeka rhoqo. Kodwa ukuba indoda ithe yaluma inja, ziindaba ezo.
Kwixesha lanamhlanje lobuntatheli obutyheli, abacholacholi banomdla kakhulu kumabali “aluma inja indoda” kunokuphonononga izinto kunye nembali ekusenokwenzeka ukuba yaxhokonxa oko kuluma, okanye kwanokugubungela nakweyiphi na inkcukacha ukuphindaphindwa kwezinja eziluma abantu.
Umzekelo wamva nje uvela kuhlalutyo olunzulu olwenziwe ngu Imicimbi yeendaba uthelekisa uluvo lwabucala lukaHillary Clinton malunga nabalandeli bakaTrump ukuba “yingobozi yezinto ezilusizi” kunye nesibhengezo sikaTrump esidlangalaleni, ethetha ngokwenyani uHitler, ukuba abanye bethu “bayizinambuzane” ajonge “ukuzincothula neengcambu” kwaye baphelise kuluntu lwaseMelika.
UClinton ngusopolitiki onengqondo nocingayo kunye nonozakuzaku owayesakuba ngunozakuzaku, ngoko ke uluvo lwakhe “olulusizi” lwabonwa ngumshicileli wethu otyheli “njengenja eluma indoda.”
UTrump, kwelinye icala, ngumntu okhohlakeleyo omemelela ukuba kutshatyalaliswe abachasi bakhe kwezopolitiko: "Inja iluma umntu."
Idatha ingqina ithisisi, njengoko Imicimbi yeendaba amanqaku:
“IMedia Matters iye yaphonononga iinkqubo zeendaba ezisasazwa kuzwelonke — iGood Morning America yeABC, iWorld News Tonight, kunye nale Veki; I-CBS 'Ngale Ntsasa, Kusasa, Iindaba zangorhatya, kunye noJongana neSizwe; kunye NBC's Namhlanje, Nightly News, kwaye Dibana ne Press - kwiveki yokuqala emva kwentetha nganye.
“Siye safumanisa ukuba ezo nkqubo zisasaze imizuzu engama-54 yokuchaza izimvo zikaClinton 'ezibuhlungu' kodwa imizuzu emi-3 nje malunga nentetha kaTrump 'embi'.
"Iindaba ze-ABC zisasaze imizuzu engama-20 'yezinto ezilusizi' kumacandelo ali-13 kunye ne-3 teasers, kodwa zachitha nje umzuzu omnye wokugubungela 'i-vermin', ngexesha lodliwanondlebe nomnxibelelanisi oyintloko wenethiwekhi yaseWashington, uJonathan Karl, malunga nencwadi yakhe entsha. .
“IiNdaba ze-CBS zibonelele ngemizuzu eli-13 'yezithukuthuku' kumacandelo ali-11 kunye neziqhula ezi-3, xa kuthelekiswa nokukhankanywa nje oku-1 kwamazwi 'ezinambuzane eziyingozi' kuFace the Nation eyayithatha ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana engama-30.
Kwaye iindaba ze-NBC zichithe imizuzu engama-21 ye-airtime kwizimvo 'ezingathandekiyo' kumacandelo ali-11, xa kuthelekiswa nemizuzu emi-2 'kwizilwanyana ezinobungozi' - enye ikhankanyiwe, enye udliwano-ndlebe apho Dibana nemodareyitha yeendaba uKristen Welker. funda izimvo kuSihlalo weKomiti yeRiphabhlikhi yeSizwe uRonna McDaniel waza wambuza, 'Ngaba ukhululekile ngolu lwimi luvela kwi-GOP ehamba phambili?' (UMcDaniel unqabile ukuphawula.)
Iindaba zentambo (CNN, Fox “Iindaba,” kunye ne-MSNBC) zazingahlukanga kangako:
“Kwi-CNN, kuye kwakhankanywa izinto 'ezibuhlungu' ezingama-553 xa kuthelekiswa nezingama-70 'ngezilo.'
“KwiiFox News, kuye kwakhankanywa izihlandlo ezingama-513 'ngezibi' xa kuthelekiswa nezili-9 kuphela 'zezinambuzane.'
“Kwaye kwi-MSNBC, kukho ama-596 akhankanyiweyo 'ngezinto ezilusizi' xa kuthelekiswa ne-112 kuphela 'yezinambuzane.'
Iintatheli kwi Imicimbi yeendaba emva koko baphethulela ingqalelo yabo kumaphephandaba amahlanu esizwe asasazwayo: “iLos Angeles Times, iThe New York Times, iU.SA Namhlanje, iWall Street Journal, neWashington Post — kwiveki yokuqala emva kwenkcazelo nganye.”
Apha, bafumene ipateni ephindaphindiweyo.
The LA Times ipapashe amanqaku e-3 malunga neClintons "ezidelekileyo" izimvo, ezimbini kwiphepha elingaphambili. Kodwa akukho nelinye inqaku kwiveki emva kokuba uTrump ekhankanye “isilonda” esenza isalathiso malunga namazwi akhe.
The New York Times yayinamanqaku asixhenxe malunga nenkcazo kaClinton, amane kwiphepha lokuqala; njenge LA Times, akukho nalinye ibali leendaba elikhankanya 'i-vermin' kaTrump ngelo xesha.
The Wall Street Journal ngokufanayo ngoyaba izimvo Trump ngokupheleleyo, kodwa wabaleka 8 amanqaku malunga Clinton ngayo faux pax, ezine kuzo kwiphepha lokuqala.
IWashington Post ubuncinci ukhankanye uluvo lukaTrump kanye, kwiphepha le-A2 (kubandakanya kwisihloko), kodwa wanika uClinton 9 amabali, elinye kwiphepha elingaphambili, elinesihlanu usebenzisa igama elithi "ezidelekileyo" kwisihloko.
USA namhlanje igubungele inkcazo kaClinton kumanqaku eendaba ama-2 kodwa, njengamanye amaphepha amane awayihoyanga ngokupheleleyo iTrump.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ndinokuthi akukho lucazululo lufanayo lwezimvo zika-Obama ezivuzayo malunga nabavoti basePennsylvania kwiindawo eziye zachithwa yinkqubo yorhwebo yasimahla kaReagan kunye nentshabalalo yeGOP yombutho wabasebenzi.
“Kwaye ayimangalisi into yokuba babe krakra,” u-Obama xelelwe iqela elivaliweyo labanikelayo, “babambelele kwimipu okanye kunqulo okanye bangabathandi abantu abangafaniyo nabo okanye abangafuni ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe okanye abangafuniyo ukurhweba njengendlela yokuchaza izinto ezibakhathazayo.”
Ukubhengezwa ngelo xesha kwaphantse kwangawuhoyanga umxholo wentetha ka-Obama kwaye, endaweni yoko, kugxininise “kwinja eluma indoda” yepolitiki emnyama egxeka abavoti abamhlophe basemaphandleni.
NgoLwesibini, uTrump ufune ukuba "urhulumente" kufuneka "ehle ngamandla" kwaye "ohlwaye" i-MSNBC kuba uLawrence O'Donnell emgxeka emoyeni.
Nakwesiphi na esinye isizwe esilawulwa yintando yesininzi umbutho wezopolitiko ophambili ofuna ukuvalelwa okanye ukohlwaywa kwejelo losasazo inokuba ziindaba zekhasi lokuqala. Apha eMelika, yayigutyungelwe kuphela Umhla wokugqibela, iphephandaba eligubungela iHollywood, nakumboniso kaLawrence ngokwakhe.
Ngaxeshanye, ngelixa uqoqosho lwethu ngeendlela ezininzi lusenza ngcono kunokuba belusenza ukusukela ngoo-1960, akukho nto ithethwayo ngaloo nto nakumajelo eendaba. Ayophi, ngoko ke asikhokeleli.
Nje ngeziphumo, The Wall Street Journalumbiko kwiveki ephelile:
"Ngama-36% kuphela abavoti kuphando olutsha lweWall Street Journal / NORC abathi iphupha laseMelika liseyinyani, lingaphantsi kwama-53% abatsho njalo ngo-2012 kunye nama-48% ngo-2016 kuphando olufanayo lwabantu abadala ngomnye umntu."
Ayiphelelanga nje ekubeni intatheli yeli xesha etyheli iququzelele ukunyuka kwe-fascist demagogue kunye nenkolo yakhe; iye yajija ngokupheleleyo imbono yabantu baseMerika ngenyaniso enenjongo.
Ukucacisa iphulo likaClinton lika-1992, impendulo kumbuzo ocacileyo kaReich malunga nokuba kutheni abavoti abaninzi besiya kuTrump kuneBiden nokuba zeziphi na iinyani kwihlabathi elisekelwe kwinyani: "Ngamajelo eendaba, azizidenge." (Ngeyona ntlonipho iphakamileyo yeReich.)
Kuphantse ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo kwezi ntsuku ukukhalazela “i-infotainment” esiyibona kumabonwakude nakunomathotholo “iindaba” zengxelo ezenzeke emva kokupheliswa kweReagan yokunyanzeliswa kweMfundiso yoBulungisa, kodwa ukubona olu hlobo lunye lokhuphiswano lomdyarho wamahashe ludlula njengoko. iindaba ezikwiphepha lokuqala lawona maphepha-ndaba makhulu esizwe, ngokuphandle, lulwaphulo-mthetho oluchasene nedemokhrasi yethu.
Ukuze abavoti benze izigqibo ezinengqondo malunga nabagqatswa, kufuneka babe nolwazi oluphangaleleyo. Ngelishwa, ayisiyiyo le nto yenzekayo namhlanje eMelika, kwaye ixesha lethu lobuntatheli obutyheli bubonakala bungalunganga kunyulo luka-2024 kunye nekamva leriphabliki yethu yedemokhrasi.
Yintoni enokwenziwa ngale nto?
Ngowe-1983, uMongameli Reagan iqondise i-DOJ, i-FTC, kunye ne-SEC ukuyeka ukunyanzelisa imithetho yesizwe yethu yokungathembeki. Ngenxa yoko, amajelo eendaba ethu adityaniswe kakhulu kwaye aqhutywa ngakumbi ziibhodi zeebhodi zebhodi ezithathela ingqalelo ingeniso ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na ingcamango ngekamva lesizwe sethu.
Ngokomzekelo, namhlanje ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sawo onke amaphephandaba elizwe lethu anjalo ngumnini ngeqaqobana leemali zeheji ezisekwe eNew York.
Nangona kunjalo, imithombo yeendaba yaseMelika ayikhuselekanga kuxinzelelo kunye neemfuno zoluntu. Uninzi lwemibutho yemidiya ivumela amagqabantshintshi kumanqaku abo, iileta eziya kumhleli, okanye ngasese, ngokuqhelekileyo i-imeyile, ingxelo evela kubafundi.
Bobabini uThomas Jefferson kunye no-Alexis de Toqueville abadumileyo qiniswa ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kwidemokhrasi yethu yoshicilelo olukhululekileyo nozimeleyo.
Ngoku njengoko amaqumrhu osasazo amakhulu esizwe sethu engaphumelelanga kabuhlungu kuxanduva lwawo lokwazisa uluntu nokuba negunya lokuphendula, loo msebenzi uwela kuthi.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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1 amagqabantshintshi
UHilary Clinton unokubonwa "njengosopolitiki onengqiqo kunye nocingayo" ngabanye, kodwa kum oku kuthetha ukuba baneoliberal ngakumbi kunenkululeko. Ndicinga ukuba inkcazelo kaJulian Assange ye-HRC “njengentlalontle eqaqambileyo, edityaniswe kakuhle” inokuba ichaneke ngakumbi.
Apho kulele umba obanzi. Ilungelo lokuSekwa okanye eKhohlo (ezifana nokuba zinjalo) aziniki iinkokeli ezibonwa njengomntu, ezinokuziphatha, okanye ezisebenzayo, njengoko uluntu luyibona. Ngenxa yoko, kuya kuxhomekeka ekubeni ngowuphi umviwa okhoyo (oyinyani) obonakala esondele ekuchazeni izikhalazo zabo. Kwimeko ye-Biden, unenkxaso ye-neoliberal yaKhohlo, icandelo elinelungelo lodidi lwezopolitiko, kodwa abo basekhohlo bokwenyani, abaphoxekileyo kukusekwa kongxowankulu, bayaqondakala kwaye abanamdla- nangona uTrump elolona khetho lubi kwaye luyingozi ngakumbi. . Ukuthandwa kukaTrump, kwelinye icala, kunokubonwa njengesiphumo sokucela umngeni kwinto ebonwa njenge-elitist, ukusekwa kwenkululeko. Inyani yokuba wenza oku kuphela ngenxa yezizathu zokuzingca, zengqondo, kwaye mhlawumbi ukuze axhase ukusekwa kwe-conservative-nangaphezulu kwe-elitist-ayinamsebenzi kubalandeli bakhe. Kubo, ulwela ukuphoxeka kwabo ngenkqubo, kwaye ubanika umntu (aba) ityala: Abagqwesileyo eKhohlo kunye nabaphambukeli.
Isizathu sokungakhathali kwabanye abakwiNxele lokwenyani: Xa usiya eweni ulindelwe liwaka leenyawo, akunamsebenzi nokuba uyabaleka okanye uyahamba, ukuba awufuni ukutshintsha indlela. Abantu abancinci, ngakumbi, banokuyibona ngolu hlobo. Badinga isizathu sethemba, kwaye i-neoliberalism ayinikezeli. Uluntu lunokuba lujolise ekukholelweni ukuba "iphupha laseMelika" alinaso isithembiso, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elakhe lenza. I-Lever iqhube inqaku elinomdla ("Idatha elahlekileyo yokunyuka kwamaxabiso") ebonisa ukuba uqoqosho alukho njengeengcali zezoqoqosho ezifana ne-Krugman- kunye ne-neoliberals ngaKhohlo-zitshoyo. Ulawulo lweBiden luyaqhubeka nokuphoxa abasebenzi, into ekucacayo ukuba ayikhathali. Njengoko eli nqaku lisitsho, “Abezobupolitika namhlanje abayazi nento abangayaziyo.”
Umkhethe wamalungu “weLifa,” iMedia yokuSekwa, njengoko usomahlaya uJon Stewart exelele igqiza leengcali, kukuchukumiseka kunye nobuvila. Ayizange ithathelwe isayensi ye-rocket ukufikelela kwesi sigqibo. Kwinqanaba lomgangatho, kukwabhekiselele ekukhuseleni imeko ekhoyo (ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi), ngakumbi ezo zakhiwo zamaziko ezixhasa iMedia yokuSekwa. Njengoko usitsho, "iibhodi zebhodi yenkampani." Kuthatha ixesha elide kunye neenzame ezidibeneyo zoxinzelelo loluntu ukuba lungene kule miqobo.