Emva kweentsuku ezininzi ze-dilly-dallying kunye noxinzelelo lwamazwe ngamazwe, urhulumente waseSiriya ivumile ukuba ivumeleke Iqela leengcaphephe zeZizwe eziManyeneyo ukuba lityelele amahlomela-mbuso aphethwe ngabavukeli baseDamasko โ indawo yohlaselo olucacileyo lwekhemikhali kwiveki ephelileyo. Esinye isiphumo esikhawulezileyo ibe kukusibekela lonke uhlaselo lwangaphambili lweekhemikhali abahloli be-UN ababeye apho ukuya kuphanda. I xoxa kumaphephandaba asentshona kunye neengqungquthela ezisemthethweni ziphendukele kwinkohlakalo yamva nje - "ukuhlaselwa kweekhemikhali" okwenziwa yimikhosi yase-Assad. Kuyamangalisa ukuba abezopolitiko bangene London kwaye Paris kufuneka siqiniseke kakhulu phambi kokuba ulwazi oluzimeleyo lufumaneke, kwaye iqela le-UN lakwazi ukutyelela indawo.
Umlo wepropaganda oqatha uyaqhubeka ecaleni kwemfazwe yaseSyria yokubulala. Kwiintsuku ezininzi, urhulumente wase-Assad wayengavumi ukuvumela abahloli be-UN ukuba bangene kwindawo. Inkcaso yayizimisele ukubaqinisekisa ukuba baya kudlula kwiindawo abazilawulayo. Emva koko i-French charity Medicines Sans Frontieres (MSF) yathi ineengxelo zokuba a I-agent ye-neurotoxic yayisetyenziswa ngokucacileyo kuhlaselo.
Bangaphezu kwama-3,500 abaguli ababeneempawu zetyhefu yegesi, kwaye malunga namaxhoba angama-350 asweleke kwizibhedlele ezithathu ezixhaswa ngumbutho wesisa eDamasko. Umlawuli weMSF uBart Janssens wayelumkile kuthetha oko akanako โukuqinisekisa ngokwenzululwazi unobangela โฆ okanye afumanise ukuba ngubani onoxanduvaโ. Kodwa izimvo zakhe mhlawumbi zinyanzelise urhulumente waseSyria ukuba aphendule. IDamasko yabanga ukuba imikhosi yayo ingene "kwiitonela zabanqolobi" kwaye yafumana "iiarhente zeekhemikhali". Imikhosi karhulumente bekufanele ukuba ibixakekile ihlangula โabantu abafuthaniselekayoโ.
Iintlekele nokusasazwa kobuxoki ngokufuthi ziba ngamaqabane asondeleyo emfazweni. Amazwi anengqondo ngakumbi aye axoxa ukuba, ngenxa yeemeko, "umthwalo wobungqina" ulala noMongameli u-Assad. Urhulumente wakhe wayenesibophelelo, esisemthethweni kunye nokuziphatha, ukuvumela iingcali ze-UN ukuba zihambe ukuya kwindawo, ukuhamba nje okufutshane ukusuka kumbindi weDamasko. Uxanduva alunakukhutshelwa ngaphandle.Kuphawu lokuba amanye amalungu kwinkcaso yaseSyria aneejenti zemichiza, Amapolisa aseTurkey axeliwe Ukufumana irhasi ye-sarin kunye namalungu e-al-Nusra, isinxulumani se-al-Qaeda esisilwa eSyria, kwaye uye wabamba abantu abaninzi ngoMeyi ophelileyo.
Ukungqubana kwemidla
Ithiyetha yemfazwe efana neSyria, enabadlali abakhuphisanayo, inomngcipheko wokunyuka, kodwa ezimbini zinamandla kakhulu. Enye kukuthambekela kwabo sele bezinikele ekuboneni kuphela oko kuhambelana nengxoxo yabo; omnye utyekelo lokubhenela kwingqiqo evakala inyaniseke kakhulu ukuba ibe nenjongo kwaye inokuthenjwa. Emva kwamava e-Iraq, abo banomdla kwinyaniso endaweni yenzuzo ye-geopolitical kufuneka badinwe kukuzibophelela okugqithisileyo kunye nokunyaniseka okungalinganiyo. Kuyo yomibini le mikhwa inoxanduva ngokuyinxenye kwisiphithiphithi kuMbindi Mpuma.
Ngaphandle kweengcali zezixhobo zekhemikhali ze-UN ezihlola isayithi, ukubuza amaqela kunye nokuphonononga ubungqina, uMongameli u-Assad kunye nabachasayo kufuneka balindele ukukhomba iminwe. Ukulibaziseka kwiqela le-UN ukufikelela kwisiza akuyi kunceda umdla ka-Assad ngokukodwa. Kuyaziwa ukuba iiarhente ezithile ezinetyhefu ziyabola ngexesha elifutshane, kwaye okukhona kuthatha ixesha elide kwiingcali ze-UN ukuqokelela ubungqina, kokukhona buya kuncipha ubungqina. Iza kunceda bani?
Nantsi lapho ukucinga ukuba umntu osondeleyo kuBashar al-Assad unokuba ngungqondongqondo emva kohlaselo olubonakalayo. Yile nto inkcaso yaseSyria ingathanda ukuyibona, kuba akukho nto incinci inokuphembelela uMongameli u-Obama ukuba ayalele ungenelelo lomkhosi ngokuthe ngqo.
The EzizimeleyoIngcaphephe kuMbindi Mpuma uPatrick Cockburn waziwa ngokuthandabuza kwakhe ingxelo malunga "nohlaselo lwekhemikhali" lwangaphambili. UCockburn wabhala ukuba "kunzima ukucinga nangasiphi na isenzo sikarhulumente waseDamasko esizitshabalalisayo ngaphezu komkhosi waseSiriya uqalise uhlaselo olukhulu lwezixhobo zekhemikhali kwizithili eziphethwe ngabavukeli kwikomkhulu layo. Ukanti ubungqina buyafumba ukuba yile nto kanye kwaye umkhosi waseSiriya wadubula iirokhethi okanye iigobolondo ezinerhasi enetyhefu eyabulala amakhulu abantu kwimpuma yesixeko". Inkcaso inokuba nakho ukwenza ubungqina bezenzo zenkohlakalo zikarhulumente, ngokukaCockburn, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba ingakwenza oko ngomkhamo omkhulu ngolu hlobo.
Uhlalutyo olubangelโ umdla kodwa olwahlukileyo lwavela kuDan Kaszeta, owayesakuba ligosa loMkhosi weMichiza weMichiza yase-US, ngoku ungumcebisi wabucala ophambili. U-Kaszeta waxoxa ukuba inani leenkcukacha ezibalulekileyo azikho kwividiyo yevidiyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ukubhala kwiphephandaba lakwaSirayeli Haaretz (i-paywall), uKaszeta uthe, "Akukho namnye kubantu abanyanga abantu abenzakeleyo kwaye abafota banxibe naluphi na uhlobo lwezixhobo zokukhusela umlo wekhemikhali," kwaye "nangona kunjalo, akukho namnye kubo obonakala enzakele".
Imibuzo edidayo
Kule nkungu yokubhideka, kusekho imibuzo emibini ebalulekileyo, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba iphendulwe ngokupheleleyo de uphando lwe-UN lugqityiwe. Umbuzo wokuqala uphathelele ukuba ngaba ngokwenene zisetyenziswe izixhobo zekhemikhali; eyesibini iphathelele abo babangele olo hlaselo.
Masicinge ukuba i-agent ye-neurotoxic isetyenzisiwe, njenge-charity ehlonitshwayo njengoko i-MSF icetyisiwe. Ngoko ngubani othwele uxanduva? Ngaba yayisisenzo sobunkokeli baseSyria beBaathist abaziva bomelezwe kukuchaswa ngamandla kwamaTshayina kunye namaRussian kumanyathelo aseNtshona ukufumana imvume yeBhunga lezoKhuseleko lokuya emkhosini eSyria? Okanye ngaba yayingumsebenzi weqela elithile eliphikisayo, elinqwenela ukuxhokonxa impendulo yaseNtshona ngokuchasene nolawulo luka-Assad?
Ngaba umntu okwisangqa sangaphakathi sika-Assad wacinga ukuba isimo sengqondo saseWashington naseLondon sijike ngokungqongqo ngokuchasene namaSilamsi kuMbindi Mpuma, njengoko uqukuqelo lomkhosi waseYiputa kunye neziphumo zalo zabonisa? Okanye ngaba umntu othile kwiqela eliphikisayo wayekholelwa ukuba uMongameli Obama, phantsi koxinzelelo oluvela kookhetshe basekhaya kunye neBritane neFransi, unokunyanzelwa ukuba atshintshe ingqondo yakhe? Ngaba iDamasko yabala ukuba iUnited States yayingayi kungenelela ukuba kwakungekho mvume yeBhunga Lokhuseleko? Okanye ngaba kukho ukubala kwabanye phakathi kwabachasi ukuba ukungafuni kuka-Obama kwakungokwexeshana? Imibuzo enjalo iya kuhlala nayo nayiphi na enye into eyenzekayo kwiintsuku kunye neeveki ezizayo.
U-Deepak Tripathi, ugxa weRoyal Historical Society kunye neRoyal Asiatic Society yaseGreat Britain naseIreland, ngumbhali-mbali waseBritane wakuMbindi Mpuma, iMfazwe ebandayo kunye neMelika kwihlabathi lasemva kweSoviet.
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