I-24 ka-Agasti iphawule iinyanga ezintandathu ukususela oko iRashiya yaqalisa imfazwe yayo e-Ukraine, kunye nezigidi eziye zagxothwa kwaye amashumi amawaka abantu kunye namajoni abulawa. Kwangaloo mini, i-24 ka-Agasti, yaphawula iminyaka elikhulu yokuzalwa kombhali-mbali ongasekhoyo u-Howard Zinn. UZinn wayengumbhali, unjingalwazi, kunye nomlweli wokulwa nemfazwe. Incwadi yakhe ethi, Imbali yaBantu yaseUnited States, iveze imbono eyahlukileyo, echaseneyo nembali ye-Western hemisphere, ukusuka ekufikeni kukaChristopher Columbus ngo-1492 ukuya kwinto ebizwa ngokuba “yiMfazwe yobugrogrisi.” Yapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1980, iA People’s History iye yaba ngumbhalo oqhelekileyo, oneekopi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2 ezishicilelweyo. U-Howard Zinn wasweleka ngo-2010, eneminyaka engama-87 ubudala.
"Imfazwe ityhefa wonke umntu obandakanyekayo kuyo," utshilo uHoward Zinn kwidilesi ka-2006 eMadison, eWisconsin. I-United States yayisilwa iimfazwe ezimbini ezinkulu ngelo xesha, e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan, kwaye ixhasa ungquzulwano oluqhubekayo kwenye indawo. UHoward Zinn uqhubeke wathi, “Siye saba nembali yemfazwe emva kwemfazwe emva kwemfazwe. Baye bacombulula ntoni? Benze ntoni?”
UHoward Zinn wavolontiya ukuba akhonze kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, esiba yibhombardier. Wathatha inxaxheba kuqhushumbisi lwaseRoyan, idolophu encinane engaselunxwemeni lwaseFransi, ngoAprili, 1945:
“Oku bekukwiiveki ezimbalwa phambi kokuba imfazwe iphele, kwaye wonke umntu ebesazi ukuba iza kuphela,” utshilo uZinn kwiDemokhrasi Ngoku! iyure yeendaba ngowama-2005. “Kwakukho ipokotho encinane yamajoni aseJamani eyayijinga kule dolophu incinane yaseRoyan kunxweme lweAtlantiki yaseFransi, yaye uMkhosi woMoya wagqiba kwelokuba uwaqhushumbise—i-1,200 yabaqhushumbisi abakhulu, yaye ndandikwenye yazo, yabhabha. ngaphaya kwale dolophu incinci yaseRoyan kwaye yehla i-napalm-ukusetyenziswa okokuqala kwe-napalm kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga yaseYurophu. Asazi ukuba bangaphi abantu esibabuleleyo, bangaphi abantu abatshiswe ngokumasikizi ngenxa yento esiyenzileyo. Kodwa ndiyenzile, njengoko uninzi lwamajoni esenza, ngokungacingi, ngoomatshini, ndicinga ukuba sikwicala elifanelekileyo, bakwicala elingalunganga, kwaye ke sinokwenza nantoni na esiyifunayo, kwaye kulungile. ”
UHoward Zinn watyelela indawo yokuphumla engaselwandle yaseFransi ngowe-1966 ukuze athethe nabasindileyo. Wabhala iinkcukacha zembali yolu hlaselo nemiphumo yalo. "Yayi...isifundo esinzima kakhulu malunga nokubizwa ngokuba ziimfazwe ezilungileyo."
Kwintetho kaZinn ka-2006 eWisconsin, wachaza “umyinge owahlukileyo wokufa kwabantu emkhosini ukuya emkhosini… kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, yayingama-10-50, isiqingatha somkhosi, isiqingatha sabantu abangekho; eVietnam, yayiyi-50% yabemi kunye ne-70% yomkhosi; kwaye kwiimfazwe ukusukela ngoko, ngama-30% kunye nama-80% abahlali.”
UHoward Zinn wafundisa eSpelman, ikholeji yabasetyhini abaNtsundu ngokwembali e-Atlanta, ngexesha lokuphakama kwentshukumo yamalungelo oluntu. Phakathi kwabafundi bakhe kwakukho umbhali uAlice Walker kunye nomseki weNgxowa-mali yoKhuselo lwaBantwana uMarian Wright Edelman. UZinn ucacisile ngeDemokhrasi Ngoku!, “E-Spelman, ndaye ndazibandakanya nabafundi bam kwizenzo ezaziqhubeka eMzantsi, ukuhlala, uqhanqalazo, imigca yepikethi.” Umanyano lwakhe lwamenza wagxothwa. Ngo-2005, uNjingalwazi Zinn wamenywa ukuba abuyele eSpelman ukuze anike idilesi yokuqalisa.
UHoward Zinn waba ngumchasi obalaseleyo wemfazwe eVietnam. Ngo-1968, yena kunye nomfundisi olwela amalungelo uBawo uDaniel Berrigan babhabha besiya eNyakatho yeVietnam, beququzelela ukukhululwa kokuqala kwamabanjwa emfazwe ase-US awayebanjelwe apho. Xa unompempe owaziwayo uDan Ellsberg wakhupha iPentagon Papers, imbali eyimfihlo karhulumente waseUnited States yokubandakanyeka kwakhe eVietnam, uHoward Zinn nomfazi wakhe ongasekhoyo uRoz bafihla ikopi yamaxwebhu ekhayeni labo. Ukuzinikezela kwakhe kuxolo kunye nokulwa nemfazwe kwaqhubeka ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ubomi bakhe bonke.
Ngomhla wama-24 ka-Agasti, ukongeza kwisikhumbuzo sokuzalwa kukaZinn, kwakhona yimini apho i-Ukraine ibonisa ukuzimela kwayo kwiSoviet Union. Kulo nyaka, imibhiyozo yenkululeko yavalwa kulo lonke elaseUkraine ngenxa yokoyika uhlaselo lwaseRussia. I-Russia yahlasela isikhululo sikaloliwe ngaloo mini, kwilali esempuma ye-Ukraine e-Chaplyne, yabulala ubuncinci abantu abangama-25, kubandakanya nabantwana. Kwangolo suku lunye, uMongameli uJoe Biden wabhengeza i-3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kuncedo lwasemkhosini e-Ukraine, izisa iyonke kuncedo lomkhosi waseMelika e-Ukraine okoko u-Biden wathatha isikhundla ukuya kwi-13.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.
UHoward Zinn akakho apha ukuze agwebe le mfazwe, okanye nayiphi na eminye elwayo ngoku. Kodwa ngomzekelo wakhe, ubutshantliziyo bakhe, kunye nokufaneleka okungapheliyo kwemibhalo yakhe, sinokubophelela, kwikhulu leminyaka lokuzalwa kwakhe, ukuphinda omnye wemiyalezo yakhe ephambili: imfazwe ayisiyompendulo kungquzulwano kwinkulungwane yama-21.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela