Sele kusondele iminyaka engama-40 oko amajelo eendaba aseMelika akubiza ngokuba “Ukuwa kweSaigon” kunye nesiVietnam esibizwa ngokuba yiNkululeko. Ndayibona ngoko njengokuwa kweWashington.
Iziporho zaseVietnam zibuyile, ngenxa yabenzi befilimu ababini abaneentshukumo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Owokuqala nguRory Kennedy, intombi encinci kaBobby Kennedy. Iakhawunti yakhe ecalanye sele ityunjelwe iOscar. Owesibini nguTiana, waseMelika wemvelaphi yaseVietnam, owenza ifilimu, Ukusuka eHollywood ukuya eHanoi, kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ukukhuthaza uxolelwaniso phakathi kwamazwe ethu amabini.
UTiana ugqibezela umboniso bhanyabhanya obizwa ngokuba nguNjengele kunye nam, kwiincoko zakhe ezingalindelekanga (zomntu ovela kusapho oluchasene nobukomanisi) kunye nembali yaseNyakatho yeVietnam kunye nongasekhoyo uNjengele, uVo Nguyen Giap, aka "Red Napoleon," indoda eyayinomkhosi. Iimfundiso zabo zoyisa uMkhosi waseFransi, kwaye kamva, isicwangciso esikhohlakeleyo sePentagon seVietnam.
UGiap wadala uMkhosi wokuchasa waseVietnam kwisicelo sikaHo Chi Minh ngo-l944, kwaye ngaphandle koqeqesho, waba yingqondi emkhosini. U-Tiana unabanye abantu ababini abaziphakamisayo base-US "abahlakaniphileyo" kwimuvi yakhe: ukuhamba okulusizi ngowayesakuba yiNjengele yase-US uWilliam Westmoreland, kunye nowayesakuba nguNobhala wezoKhuselo, uRobert MacNamara, owayengakwazi ukufihla indelelo yakhe kuye.
Umboniso bhanyabhanya kaRory oxhaswe kakhulu kwaye oxhaswa ngemali ubonisa umfanekiso osele siwubonile ngaphambili wokukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kwamajoni ase-US kunye nabanye babo baseVietnam ababebhalisele ukulwa kwimfazwe ende nenegazi elalahleka phantse kwangeentsuku zayo zokuqala.
Kunokuba ujonge izizathu zaloo lahleko, uRory, ngenkxaso evela kwi-HBO kunye ne-PBS ye-American Experience series, wazama ukubonisa umfanekiso wamaqhawe aseMerika kwiintsuku zabo zokugqibela eSaigon, ejongene noMmeli weMad kwaye kwezinye iimeko avukela i-US. umgaqo-nkqubo.
(Ndiwuthandile omnye umsebenzi kaRory ngaphambili, kodwa le yayine-ajenda ebhalwe kuyo yonke le nto.)
Ezi filimu zimbini, kuyo yonke le minyaka emva koko, zibonise iyantlukwano yenkcubeko nezopolitiko yamaxesha ngefilimu enye, enyanisweni, ilungelelanisa imfazwe, kwaye ibonakalisa umkhosi waseMelika njengonovelwano, kwaye elinye, kwelinye lamaxesha okuqala, inika iimbono. ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuba baseMelika abazange beva.
UGerald Perry ubhala kwi-Arts Fuse: “Uphononongo oluhle lwe Imihla yokugqibela eVietnam (i-94% yereyithi yokuvunywa kweeTomato eziBolileyo) zifana ngokungaqhelekanga. Bamncoma umenzi wefilimu uRory Kennedy ngokubhala umzuzu olityelweyo wembali yaseMelika, iintsuku zesiphithiphithi ngo-1975 xa i-US ibaleka ukushiya amanyathelo aseSaigon kunye neSouth Vietnam phambi koMkhosi waseVietnam oqhubela phambili. Kwaye abagxeki baxhotyiswe ngokuzingca kumabali awatyhilwe nguKennedy ngamajoni aseMelika akhaliphileyo kunye noonozakuzaku abambalwa abachasene nokusekwa baseMelika abancede ukukhupha abantu abaninzi baseVietnam-ngesikhephe, inqwelomoya, kunye nehelikopta- ekusenokwenzeka ukuba babeza kwenziwa amakhoboka okanye babulawe. ngamaKomanisi aseMantla eVietnam.
Into engazange ibonwe mntu kukuba uKennedy, intombi ka-peacenik uRobert Kennedy, unikezela ngeflegi emhlophe yemfazwe eVietnam. I-Vietnamese yaseNyakatho ibonakaliswe, ngaphandle kokukhetha, njengamaqhawe afana ne-Isis abulala yonke inkcaso yabo endleleni esuka eHanoi ukuya eSaigon. Kwaye, emva kokungena eSaigon, ukutshabalalisa abo babachasayo, okanye ukuthumela iintshaba zabo kwiinkampu zokufundisa kwakhona. I-Vietnamese yaseMzantsi? Oku kwandimangalisa: akukho nakuphi na ukukhankanywa korhwaphilizo olubhalwe kakhulu koorhulumente boonopopi abahlukeneyo, kunye nomkhosi waseMzantsi Vietnam njengesixhobo sokunyanzeliswa sokuthuthumbisa kunye nokubulala. Ijoni ngalinye laseMzantsi Vietnam owayesakuba lijoni ekwenziwa udliwano-ndlebe livumelekile ukuba lithethe ibali lakhe eliqaqambileyo, kuquka negosa eliphezulu. Akukho gazi lidityanisiweyo kuyo nayiphi na kuzo.”
Ngokuqinisekileyo, elo bali ngokwembali libaluleke ngakumbi kunendlela esiwunqumle ngayo umsila kwaye sabaleka.
Ndabhala emva koko: “Ushicilelo lwaseMelika aluzange lube luncedo kangako kwiinzame zethu zokufumana ngakumbi malunga naba bantu babalaseleyo baseVietnam ngoku bakwazile ukwenza ulungiselelo, ukulwa, kwaye boyise uthotho lolawulo oluxhaswa yi-US. Xa amajelo eendaba ase-US abuqondayo ubukho belinye icala, akwenza oko ngokudelela, ukugqwetha nokujongelwa phantsi…i-US ayizange iyiqonde into yokuba yayikhusela urhulumente ongenankxaso kwaye izama ukumtyumza lowo wayenayo.”
Iqela labagxeki bhanyabhanya abasekwe e-LA kamva labhalela i-PBS: “URory Kennedy akalinganiseli, ngaphandle komxholo, ngokuthandabuzekayo ukusasaza iiNtsuku zokuGqibela eVietnam ngoku ukhutshiwe kwithiyetha, imveliso yothotho lwePBS, Amava aseMelika. Siyakhwankqiswa bubume becala elinye obungaqhelekanga bokubhala kwakhona kwembali kaKennedy ebonisa kuphela icala likarhulumente wase-US kunye neRiphabhlikhi yaseVietnam ebalini, kwaye akaze anike iimbono zezigidi zabantu baseMelika abachasayo imfazwe kunye nabo. owasilwela kwicala leNational Liberation Front kunye noMntla weVietnam.
Kakhulu "ibhalansi!"
Uqhanqalazo lwaba lilize. Umabonakude kawonke-wonke urhoxe kwindawo yakhe yokugcina iileta zedolo kwaye waphendula kwizigxeko zenkqubo enye ngokhuselo olucaphula zonke iinkqubo abaziqhubayo, uninzi lwamashumi eminyaka ubudala, ngelixa bebhengeza ukuba uthotho olutsha lwezigidi zeedola eVietnam ngokuhlala bephilile. -i-doc superstar exhaswa ngemali, uKen Burns, usemisebenzini. Isiqhelo!
Baziphepha iinkcukacha ezifana nezi:
- U-Rory ugxininise kwibali lemizamo yokusindisa amagosa adibeneyo kunye neentsapho zabo kwi-Saigon ("Arvin") yomkhosi owaziwayo ngorhwaphilizo kunye nenkohlakalo.
- Yakhankanya izenzo zenkohlakalo ekutyholwa ukuba zenziwe ngamaKomanisi njenge "Hue Massacre," isiganeko esaphandwa ngokucokisekileyo kwaye sabhengezwa njengobubuxoki nguMphengululi waseVietnam wase-US uGareth Porter.
- Ibalule ukunyhashwa kwesivumelwano soXolo saseParis nguMantla ngaphandle kokukhankanya uninzi lolwaphulo-mthetho olubi kakhulu nolufihliweyo yimikhosi yase-Vietnamese exhaswa yi-US.
- Ibonise impambano kunye nobugeza bonozakuzaku wase-US uGraham Martin ngokungathi wayehlukile kwimbali yamagosa angaphambili ase-US awandisa imfazwe ngokwenzakala okukhulu. Ayinikezi mxholo wembali okanye imvelaphi
- Yayithetha ukuba bonke abantu baseSayigon babeza kubulawa okanye bavalelwe; kwakungenjalo.
- Ibhekiselele kwiinqanawa ezibalekayo zibaleka ukuya kwiSiqithi saseConSon ngaphandle kokuchaza ukuba esi Siqithi esikunxweme lwaseSaigon sisindleke, njengoko isenza iGuantanamo. namhlanje, iinkampu zentolongo ezikhohlakeleyo ezizaliswe "ziingwe zeengwe" apho abachasi baseVietnam bolawulo lomkhosi bagcinwa khona, babulawa kwaye bathuthunjiswa.
- UPerry uyabuza: “Kule vidiyo aphi amazwi achasene nemfazwe amajoni aseMerika eVietnam aza adimazeka ngenxa yezinto ezimbi esizenzileyo apho? Ngubani kule filimu othetha ngokuqhushumba kwethu ngokungakhethiyo eNyakatho yeVietnam? Ngendyikityha yokufa kwaMy Lai? Kwaye kwi-CIA, kukhankanywa phi ngokuthuthunjiswa okumanyumnyezi eMzantsi Vietnamese phantsi komlawuli weCIA uWilliam Colby? Ngokuphathelele uKissinger, kuyacaphukisa ukubona intetho yakhe yokuzinikela ingenamkhethe ngokupheleleyo. Uphi, Errol Morris, xa kufuneka? Endaweni yoko, oyena mntu ubalaseleyo ehlabathini (iVietnam, iKhambodiya, iLaos, iChile, njl.njl.) lundwendwe olwamkelekileyo nolubekekileyo kolu xwebhu lugunyaziswe ngamava e-PBS aseMelika.”
Kwaye, ngokuqhubekayo!
Sele iyiminyaka engama-40. Sifunde ntoni? Ulawulo luka-Obama, luncediswa nguNobhala wethu welizwe, isithethi saseVietnam esingaphantsi, ogama linguJohn Kerry, owake waba yinkokeli yeVietnam Veterans Against the War, waye waguquka waba ngumxolisi ngendima yaseMelika emfazweni, kunye nomthengisi wezixhobo eVietnam. eyoyikayo amaTshayina namhlanje ngaphezu kwamaMelika.
Lilizwi likabani esifanele siliphulaphule? URory Kennedy ngembali yakhe etyibilikayo nenexabiso elikhulu, okanye uTiana osokolayo ukuzisa amazwi aseVietnam kunye nembali engcwatywe ngabom ebomini?
Kutheni ezi filimu zaseVietnam zihlala zi-"AAU-zonke Ngathi?"
UDanny Schechter wabika eMntla naseMzantsi Vietnam ngo-1974, waza wabuya ngo-1997. Ubhale ngokubanzi kwimiba yemfazwe. Uyahlela Mediachannel.org kunye neebhloko ze Newsdissector.net. Izimvo ku [imeyile ikhuselwe]
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Nikela