Sele kukho amahlelo amane ngoku Ukusuka kwiMvume ukuya kuNyanzeliso: Uhlaselo oluqhubekayo eMsebenzini (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2023), eyokuqala eqala ngo-1985, kwaye kusafuneka ithathwe njengomsebenzi oqhubekayo ofuna ukwazisa kunye nokuphembelela imizabalazo yabasebenzi eCanada. Ngelishwa, uLeo Panitch akazange aphile ukuze abone ukupapashwa kolu hlelo lwamva nje, apho umbhali-mbhali wokuqala uDonald Swartz edityaniswe nguBryan Evans kunye noCarlo Fanelli, okanye abe yinxalenye yomzamo wokubeka izigqibo zabo kuvavanyo.
Le ncwadi ithathela ingqalelo ukusilela kweemanyano zabasebenzi ukuxhathisa ngempumelelo imilinganiselo yokunyanzelwa ngurhulumente abajongene nayo kumashumi eminyaka eniyoliberal. Ijongana nobuthathaka obukhulu phakathi kweemanyano kwaye iphonononge isiseko seendlela ezisebenzayo zomzabalazo. Oku kubandakanya uphononongo olunzulu lohlaselo olude lwamashumi eminyaka kubasebenzi abalungelelanisiweyo kwaye izigqibo zalo zezopolitiko zithathwe kwingxelo engaqhelekanga yonyanzeliso lukarhulumente.
Ukuzabalaza kunye nokuzibamba
Isahluko sokuqala siqala ngophuhliso olubalulekileyo. โIxesha lothethathethwano olukhululekileyo lwaqala ngo-1944 karhulumente we-Order-in-Council PC 1003โ (iphe. 1). Oku kuvumele abasebenzi becandelo labucala ukuba baxoxisane ngokudibeneyo kwaye baqhankqalaze kwaye bamisele izohlwayo kubaqeshi abangavumiyo ukujongana neemanyano. Ababhali bacetyisa ukuba lo mlinganiselo kunye noMthetho woPhando lwezoBudlelwane kunye neeNgxaki ze-1948 ezalandela zaphawula "indawo apho iCanada yandisa idemokhrasi ukubandakanya i-bargaining yamahhala" (iphe. 1).
Abanye basenokuba bacinga ukuba โinkqubela-phambili ecothayo ukuya ekuphunyezweni kwamalungelo abasebenziโ (iphe. 2) kwaqinisekiswa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuzithemba okunjalo kwalahleka kwaye ngaloo ndlela umxholo othi Ukusuka kwiMvume yokuNyanzeliswa: "Le ncwadi imalunga nohlaselo olunyanzelwayo oluchasene namalungelo emibutho yabasebenzi kunye nenkululeko eKhanada ngabo bobabini oorhulumente bamaphondo nabamaphondo kuwo wonke umgca wezopolitiko" (iphe. 2).
Urhulumente waseKhanada ngokomgaqo-siseko wabeka โinkululeko yedemokhrasi ekhululekileyoโ ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, nanjengoko wawuchasa ngokungqongqo amalungelo abasebenziโ (iphe. 2/3). Eyona nto yayibaluleke kakhulu kula manyathelo yayinguMthetho we-1982 wokuThintela iMbuyekezo yeCandelo loLuntu owawusithi ukunyuswa kwemivuzo okulinganiselweyo kwaye โwalicinezela ngokupheleleyo ilungelo lothethathethwano noqhanqalazo lwabo bonke abasebenzi bakarhulumente baphantsi kowiso-mthetho.โ Oorhulumente bamaphondo balandela olu khokelo, bebeka imiqathango yabo (iphe. 3). Loo manyathelo 'onxunguphalo' abe yinxalenye yepatheni ngoku ethatha amashumi eminyaka ephawulwa ngokuchanekileyo โnjengekhethelo elisisigxinaโ (iphe. 4).
Isahluko sesibini, silandelela iingcambu zobudlelwane babasebenzi 'eCanada kwaye siqwalasela ixesha lasemva kwemfazwe elazisa uphuculo olukhulu. Nasemva koMthetho weMibutho yaBasebenzi ka-1872, โwakhulula ezinye zezithintelo ezisemthethweni kwiimanyano โฆ ukusetyenziswa ngamandla kukarhulumente ukukhusela amalungelo angathintelwanga ongxowankuluโ kusabambekile kwaye โabasebenzi bazifumanisa bejongene nenkcaso emanyene ngakumbi okanye kancinane. komqeshi norhulumenteโ (iphe. 26-27).
Abameli abanobuqhophololo bongxowankulu balindele imfuneko yobuchule bokuthintela. Isebe lezabasebenzi lasekwa ngowe-1900 kwaza kwalandela uMthetho Wophando Lweengxabano kwi-Industrial Disputes (IDIA) ngowe-1907. Inkulumbuso yexesha elizayo, uMackenzie King, wabhala โngengozi yokuba lo mbutho uphela uguqulelwe kubusoshiyali ukuba abaqeshi bayasilela ukubathabatha kwibutho labantu. uhlobo lwentsebenziswano ngezivumelwano neemanyano ezaziwayoโ (iphe. 28).
Isidingo sokufikelela kwindawo enjalo siye saba mbi kakhulu phambi โkomsinga ongazange ubonwe ngaphambili wokuhlanganiswa kwabasebenzi kunye nezopolitiko ngoo-1940โ (iphe. 29). Kulo mxholo, iWindsor Ford Strike ka-1945 yavelisa iFomula yeRand edumileyo, inikezela ngeentlawulo ezisisinyanzelo kwiimanyano. Umthetho wobudlelwane bezabasebenzi okhankanywe ngaphambili walandela, kwaye amalungelo abasebenzi abaququzelelweyo aqhubela phambili kakhulu.
La manyathelo, ngolwimi lwaseRand olunekhowudi ethile, โyayilwa ukulungelelanisa, ukuya ekwandeni kwemvisiswano, umdla wenkunzi, abasebenzi noluntuโ (iphe. 32). Ukubuyisela amalungelo awomeleziweyo emanyano, nangona kunjalo, "uluhlu olubanzi lwezithintelo (lwa) lwabekwa kwintshukumo edibeneyo yimibutho yabasebenzi, ethe yaseka eCanada enye yezona nkqubo zinothintelo kunye nezigunyaziswe kakhulu kwiingxoxo ezidibeneyo kuyo nayiphi na idemokhrasi yongxowankulu." Oku kubandakanya "ukuvalwa kogwayimbo ngexesha lesivumelwano esihlanganyelweyo" (iphe. 32).
Esi sigqibo โyayiluhlengahlengiso oluyilelwe ukuba lungajongeli phantsi kodwa kukukhusela nokugcina phantsi kweemeko ezintsha โixesha elideโฆisikhundla esongameleyoโโ (iphe. 32) kunye nomba omandla wokuzibulisa kwicala lemibutho yayiyinxalenye yesivumelwano. . โOkwathi ngaphambili kwathatha inkangeleko yokubekwa ityala kweeNtaba ngoku kuye kwathatha uhlobo lomgaqo womthetho apho iimanyano zabasebenzi bezizikhusela kumaxesha amaninziโ (iphe. 33).
Ababhali bagxininisa ukuba "Iziphumo ezibi zolwakhiwo lwezomthetho kunye neengcinga zazinzima. Umanyano lwabasebenzi olwathi lwaphuhliswa emva koko eKhanada lwathwala zonke iimpawu zewebhu yezithintelo ezisemthethweni ezaziyigubungele. Ukwenza kwayo kunye nokuqonda kwayo yayisemthethweni kwaye ilawulwa kakhulu, kwaye ngoko amandla ayo ahlangeneyo ayelinganiselwe" (iphe. 38). Lo mthwalo 'wexesha legolide' wathwalwa wasiwa kwixesha elinzima kakhulu ngeziphumo ezibi.
Ukujikela kwiNyanzelo
Le ncwadi itshatisa inguqu yokunyanzeliswa ngurhulumente ekusebenzelaneni kwakhe neemanyano zabasebenzi kwaye ithathela ingqalelo ishumi leminyaka lenguqu yeminyaka yee-1970. โIliza lokulwa kwezoshishino elavela phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1960 laqhubeka ukuya kutsho ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-40, lafikelela kwincopho yalo ngabasebenzi abatsha becandelo likarhulumente ababedla ngokukhokela ekuqhankqalazeni uhlaselo oluchasene nemigangatho yokuphila yabasebenziโ (iphe. XNUMX) .
Oku kuxhathisa kwavela kwimeko apho iziseko zezoqoqosho zomzabalazo wodidi zazitshintshile. Ukuqhambuka kwasemva kwemfazwe kufikelele esiphelweni kwaye โIminyaka yoo-41 yayiphawulwe 'kukunyuka kwamaxabiso': izinga lokukhula, ukunyuka ngaphantsi kwenqanaba elifunekayo ukuze abantu baqeshwe ngokuzeleyo, kudityaniswe neendlela eziqatha zokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, umda weminyinyiva ukuze ufumane imvume yabasebenzi wawungasekho; ngenene, "inkunzi iya ifuna iminyinyiva" (iphe. XNUMX).
Njengoko urhulumente ebebeka ezi mvumelwano, isixhobo ebesikhethiweyo ibingumthetho wokubuyela emsebenzini ovela koorhulumente bephondo kunye norhulumente. โKwiminyaka yokuqala eli-15 emva ko-1950, kwabakho iimeko ezintandathu kuphela zowiso-mthetho lokubuyela emsebenzini xa lulonke; bezingama-51 iimeko ezinjalo kule minyaka ilishumi enesiqingatha ilandelayo, isiqingatha sazo ukususela ngo-1975 ukuya ku-1979 kuphelaโ (iphe. 42). "Ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho yokubuyela emsebenzini ixhalabele ngokuyintloko abasebenzi becandelo likarhulumente nangona umgaqo-nkqubo wengeniso esemthethweni yeNkqubo ye-Anti-Inflation ye-1975-78 inqunyanyiswe i-collective bargaining kubo bonke abasebenzi" (iphe. 43). Lo mthetho wawuquka izohlwayo ezingasikelwanga mda kunye nokuthothoza entolongweni ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka emihlanu. Emva koko iNkulumbuso uPierre Trudeau waqhayisa โSiza kuvalela iinkokeli zomanyano ezimbalwa entolongweni iminyaka emithathu kwaye abanye baya kufumana umyalezoโ (iphe. 43).
Ukulungela kukarhulumente ukuthatha amanyathelo kwabonwa kwindlela aphatha ngayo abasebenzi baseposini. Ngomnyaka we-1978, ilungelo lokuxoxisana lasuswa kwi-Canadian Union of Post Workers (CUPW) kwaye imimiselo yesivumelwano sangaphambili esihlangeneyo sanyanzeliswa kubo. Umongameli weCUPW uJC Parrot wabekwa ityala lokungamezi esidlangalaleni ukuba umthetho uthotyelwe kwaye wanikwa ibheyile kuphela xa exelela amalungu akhe ukuba umthetho ufuna ntoni kuwo (iphe. 43).
Ngeminyaka yoo-1980, urhulumente wase-Mulroney โakazange aqhubele nje uhlaselo kubasebenzi bakarhulumente womanyano ukuya kumanqanaba angazange abonwe ngaphambili kodwa wanika 'umzekelo' kwicandelo labucala kunye noorhulumente bamaphondoโ (iphe. 58). Nangona kunjalo, ishumi leminyaka labona ukuchaswa kwabasebenzi kunye noloyiso oluthile malunga 'nokulingana kwentlawulo', "imveliso yemizabalazo yabasetyhini ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemibutho yabasebenzi" (iphe. 67). Amadabi aqhushumbayo avela ngo-BC kwaye umlo ochasene ne-neoliberal strategy 'yorhwebo olukhululekileyo' lwathathwa.
โUkwandiswa komyalelo weniyoliberal, ukunyuka kwemali eyinkunzi kunye nokusasazwa kwentengiso kuwo wonke umba wobomi bentlalo kukhokelele kuxinzelelo olukhulu kubasebenzi abacwangcisiweyo ngeminyaka yoo-1990โ (iphe. 80). Kule minyaka ilishumi, uhlaselo kubonelelo lwentlalontle luye lwaqina kunye nokuhlenga-hlengiswa ngokutsha kwabasebenzi, ukuze babenze babe sesichengeni sokuxhaphazwa okwandisiweyo, kwathathwa phambili (iphe. 81).
Kwinqanaba lomdibaniso, oorhulumente beLiberal bathatha amanyathelo amakhulu ekuphumezeni ubungqongqo kwaye, e-Ontario, urhulumente we-NDP wamkela uhlaselo lwamalungelo emanyano yabasebenzi. La mava angqwabalala alandelwa ngurhulumente weTory owaxhokonxa inkcaso enamandla yabasebenzi kodwa wabeka kabukhali iingxaki kulwakhiwo lweemanyano, iimbono kunye nezicwangciso ezijongwa yile ncwadi.
Isahluko siphetha ngenqaku elinomdla, elihlala lingahoywa. โAmava edemokhrasi yezentlalo kuwo onke amaphondo ngeminyaka yoo-1990 asiphanzisile isicwangciso-qhinga esiphambili sombutho wabasebenzi sokunyula oorhulumente be-NDPโฆ I-NDP ayizange ivele nganeno ngokomgangatho wohlaziyo olufunekayo nolulindelwe yimibutho yabasebenzi, kodwa iye yayisingela phantsi imanyano. amandlaโ (iphe. 99-100).
Uhlaselo oluqhubekayo
Njengoko inkulungwane entsha yavula "oorhulumente bayo yonke imivimbo yecala ekugqibeleni balahla nayiphi na intsalela yemvume eseleyo, ukwandisa ixesha lokunyanzelisa kunye nokunyanzeliswa" (iphe. 103). Kule nkalo, i-Conservative Party ehlaziyiweyo, kunye noStephen Harper kwi-helm, yayilungele ukunika ukhokelo oluyi-regressive. Yamkela ubungqongqo obusisigxina yaze yajongela phantsi nangakumbi amalungelo emibutho yabasebenzi (iphe. 108).
Uqhushululu olunyanzelwayo lwaqhubeka kwinqanaba lephondo, nohlaselo kubasebenzi becandelo likarhulumente lunika isikhokelo kubaqeshi kwicandelo labucala. Amaxesha ngamaxesha, sibona ukuqhambuka kokuchasa kodwa ukusilela kwemibutho yabasebenzi ukuphuma kwiipatheni zokulalanisa kudidi kuqhubekile. Amathemba okuba ingxaki yezemali ka-2008 ingazisa indlela yoxolelwaniso iye yaphela. Inkcitho ekhuthazayo yexesha elifutshane inike ithuba lokuzibaxa okuphindiweyo nje ukuba ubungxowankulu behlabathi buzinzile (iphe. 130).
UJustin Trudeau's 'progressive' credentials noxa kunjalo, akukhange kubekho nzame zinzima kwicala loorhulumente bakhe ukunqanda uhlaselo lweneoliberal kwaye sele ekulungele โukusebenzisa ukunyanzeliswa xa imvume ingaphumeleli ukuphumeza iziphumo ebezinqwenelekayoโ (iphe. 134). Oku kwabonakala ngokucacileyo xa abasebenzi beposi baphoqeleka ukuba babuyele emsebenzini kwi-2018 (iphe. 133).
Iimpembelelo zobhubhani zivelise amanqanaba amakhulu ngakumbi okuphuma kwindawo yokudodobala koqoqosho. Kwakhona, amanyathelo okuvuselela aphuculwe ngokukhawuleza aye alandelwa kuphela kwinqanaba eliyimfuneko โukuqinisekisa ukuba i-neoliberal capitalism ihlala injaloโ (iphe. 138). Imfazwe kwiimanyano yaqhubeka phantse ngaphandle kokuyekelela kwinqanaba lomdibaniso kunye nephondo.
Ukusuka kwiMvume ukuya kwi-Coercion ijika ingqalelo kwindlela ehambelanayo eyenziwa yimibutho yabasebenzi ekuphenduleni ukuhlaselwa kombuso. "Kwiminyaka engama-40, imibutho yabasebenzi yaseKhanada iye yathembela kumaqhinga asemthethweni - ukubuyela kumthetho nakwiinkundla - ukugcina nokuqhubela phambili amalungelo kunye nenkululeko" (iphe. 168). Oku kuxhomekeke kwiTshatha yamaLungelo neNkululeko yowe-1982 โeyasuswayo kwezona meko zikhoyo zobudlelwane bodidi kunye nomzabalazo ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, uphawu lwento engaqondakaliyo, kwaye ukusa kumkhamo othile wobuhle, ubume besiqinisekiso esinjalo esibalulekileyo. inkululeko yonxulumanoโ (iphe. 169).
Ababhali balanda iinzame zokuguqulela ezi ziqinisekiso zingabonakaliyo kukhuseleko olubambekayo lwabasebenzi. Baphetha ngokuthi "Phantse kuzo zonke ezi meko, benze okuncinci ukwandisa amalungelo kubasebenzi abangekho kwimanyano, singasathethi ke ukuba negalelo kwintshukumo yabasebenzi evuselelweyo kunye nokuzithemba" (iphe. 192). Ukujinga phezu kwayo yonke inkqubo ibe 'lukhetho lwenyukliya' kwigatya nangona kunjalo livumela oorhulumente ukuba bazibaleke izibophelelo zomgaqo-siseko ngokuthe ngqo (iphe. 193).
Isicwangciso esitsha
Isahluko sokugqibela sijongana nemeko apho "intshukumo yabasebenzi ibingakwazi ubukhulu becala ukuxhoma nayiphi na into enentsingiselo okanye ezinzileyo yokuchasa, ibonakala ibhideke kakhulu ngokwembono nangesicwangciso" (iphe. 198). Iimanyano nazo ziye zalahlekelwa ngamandla ezopolitiko. โIdemokhrasi kwezentlalo yatshintshwa njengoko iqhelana neemfuno zeniyoliberal capitalโ (iphe. 208). Ingalo yezopolitiko ekucingelwa ukuba yombutho wabasebenzi yathelela uhlaselo lwabasebenzi.
Xa bexoxa ngotshintsho lwekhosi, ababhali babhengeza isindululo sikaMarx sokuba imibutho โmayifunde ngoku ukwenza ngabom njengamaziko aququzelela abasebenzi ngenjongo yokufuna inkululeko epheleleyo. Bamele bancede yonke imibutho yezentlalo nezopolitiko ejonge kwelo cala. โ Ukuqhubela phambili oku, le ncwadi ibeka ngokucacileyo ukuba kufuneka kubekho "ukudibanisa (kwe) i-activism yemibutho yabasebenzi kunye ne-socialism njengenxalenye yezopolitiko ezinzulu ze-universalism" (iphe. 212). I-Internationalism nayo ibalulekile kwiprojekthi kodwa ayinakuba ngumqondiso womqondiso. "Ulungelelwaniso olucwangcisiweyo lwamazwe ngamazwe luxhomekeke kumandla eentshukumo zelizwe" (iphe. 214).
Ababhali bathi iqela elitsha lobusoshiyali liyafuneka kodwa baphinde baphikisane โngohlobo oluthile lombutho ekunokuxoxwa kuwo kwaye kuphuhliswe ukuba isicwangciso sobusoshiyali sinokuba yintoni na.โ Bacinga 'ngentshukumo ecwangcisiweyo' engazukuchasa ukwakhiwa komanyano olusekelwe kumba kodwa eya kuba sisiseko esibanzi sokuphuhlisa iimbono zobusoshiyali (iphe. 219). Bacebisa ukuba "abasebenzi kunye neminye imibutho yezentlalo kufuneka ibone indlela yokuhlengahlengisa urhulumente ukuze kubonelele ngentatho-nxaxheba yedemokhrasi enentsingiselo nolawulo" (iphe. 216).
Utshintsho olukhuthazwa ngababhali lufuna โidemokhrasi esisiseko yendlela esebenza ngayo imibutho yabasebenzi.โ Uphuhliso lwemanyano yasemva kwemfazwe, ngaphakathi kwenkqubo-sikhokelo yengxoxo ehlangeneyo esemthethweni, [e]lwenze mandundu uphuhliso lwemigangatho phakathi kweemanyano. Ukusebenza ngokukuko kwemibutho yabasebenzi kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukuphuhlisa iindlela zokuphumelela phambi kweneoliberalism kunye nokunyanzeliswa kukarhulumente kufuna "inxaxheba yobulungu kunye nokulawula amagosa anyuliweyo natyunjiweyo" (iphe. 221).
Umhlathi oqukumbelayo ucebisa ukuba "ikhondo le-neoliberalism liyichithile ngokupheleleyo into eseleyo kumkhosi wombutho wabasebenzi." Xa sijongana nalo mbhodamo, โUkuvuselela isithembiso sezopolitiko sezopolitiko zabasebenzi ngokugqithisileyo kuhlala kulinyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuxhathiseni ukunyanzelwa ngurhulumente kunye nomqeshi kunye nokuqonda ihlabathi elingcono elifikelela kwingcambu yengxaki โ ubungxowankuluโ (iphe. 225). ).
Igalelo Elibalulekileyo
Kwintshayelelo yakhe, uSam Gindin ubhala "Yintoni eyenza ukuba incwadi yokuqala kunye nalo lonke uhlaziyo lube ngumsebenzi ocacileyo luphando lwayo olucokisekileyo kunye nesakhelo sohlalutyo esidibanisa imbali, uqoqosho lwezopolitiko, iingxabano zeklasi, kunye nendima yelizwe, konke ngaphandle kokutyeshela ethile yaseCanada. Ngokolwazi kodwa iyafikeleleka, ayinazintloni nganxanye ekuxhaseni iimanyano zabasebenzi ngaphandle kokuyikhulula imibutho ekujongeni kwayo okubalulekileyoโ (iphe. xivi). Olu luqikelelo oluluqilima lokubaluleka kwale ncwadi.
Abo bafuna ukuseka kwakhona i-post-war Keynesian 'iminyaka yegolide' baya kudana. Le ncwadi inexabiso elikhulu kwabo bafuna umzabalazo wodidi ulwe ngokulinganayo. Kuya kuhambelana ngokupheleleyo nabo bafuna ukuba loo mzabalazo usiwe kumanqanaba enguqu yentlalo kunye nentlalontle.
Ngenxa yezi zizathu, ayinakuphepheka kwaye isempilweni ukuba le ncwadi ingabi ngumthombo wolwazi nokuqonda, kodwa ibe yintshatsheli yengxoxo. Ngokubhekiselele koku, izigxeko ezibini zetyala elichazwe ngababhali zinokubekwa. Imibutho yemanyano yolawulo kunye neziphumo zayo ezithiyezayo zibonakaliswe kuyo yonke le ncwadi. Nangona kunjalo, ekufuneni amayeza, ababhali, ngokokubona kwam, abazithathi izinto ukuya kuthi ga kwiimfuno zabo zokufunda.
Abo baqulunqa isivumelwano emva kwemfazwe bayiqonda imfuneko yeenkokeli zombutho 'ezihloniphekileyo' kunye nokujongelwa phantsi kwabavukeli. Amaziko ombutho aphuhlileyo akhululekileyo kwiindlela zokulalanisa. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukuvuselelwa kweemanyano kuya kudibana nochaso oluqatha kunokuba ababhali becinga. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo isenokufuna umgangatho obukhali kunye nomngeni wefayile kunokuba becinga.
Okwesibini, xa sixoxa ngeqhinga lobusoshiyali, akukho mathandabuzo okuba ukungaboni ngasonye okukhulu ngobume bombuso wongxowankulu kuya kufuneka kube yinxalenye yenkqubo. Ndingomnye wabo bakwi-socialist ekhohlo abangakholelwayo ukuba urhulumente unokubanjwa, athathwe ngedemokhrasi okanye aguqulwe ngendlela ababhali abalindele ngayo. Ngaphandle kokuphonononga iziphumo zoku kungaboni ngasonye, โโndizakuthi, nangona le ncwadi iqhubela phambili ingqikelelo 'yokuchasana norhulumente,' ifuna ubungqina obubambekayo obuxhasa umbono wokuba urhulumente wongxowankulu sisixhobo esingenakuhlawuleka sodidi. lawula ukuba, njengoMargaret Thatcher, 'ayiyokujika.'
Oko kugxekwa akusingeli phantsi nakancinane inkolelo yam yokuba le ncwadi yenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kunye nemfuneko yokuxoxa ngale miba icwangcisiweyo njengoko sisonke sisokola. Ukusuka kwiMvume ukuya kuNyanzeliso ichaza isicwangciso-qhinga se-neoliberal esiphulukene nayo kakhulu kwaye sinikezela ngengqiqo exabiseke kakhulu kwizizathu zokungakhathali kwemibutho phambi kwayo. Ikwaphakamisa nemibuzo ekufuneka siyiqwalasele ukuba siza kuphuhlisa iindlela ezisebenzayo. Le ncwadi kufuneka ifundwe ngabo bonke abafuna ukwakha imibutho elwayo yabasebenzi. โข
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