Ke boleng bofe bo setseng mohopolong oa imperialism?
Khopolo ea imperialism e ne e amahanngoa le lintoa tsa tlhōlisano pakeng tsa mebuso e seng mekae e meholo ea Europe. Litloaelo tsa bona tsa ka hare tsa bokhaphithaliste tsa mathata li ile tsa etsa hore ho be le keketseho e sa lebelloang ea libaka, e nolofalitsoeng ke mebaraka e meholo ea lichelete, eo le eona e ileng ea kena meeling e fapaneng.
Boemong boo, matla a sesole a bokolone a ne a atisa ho sebelisoa ho hapa libaka le ho theha tsamaiso e hlophisitsoeng ea naha, 'me hamorao, likamano tse sa reroang tsa matla a lipolotiki le moruo oa neo-colonial.
Mehleng ea rona ea hona joale, mokhoa oo oa bo-imperiya o ntse o le bohlokoa haholo, ka karolo e 'ngoe e ileng ea e-ba ea bohlokoa haholo ka mor'a Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše 'me ho bile thata ho qoba ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1990: puso ea ka mor'a ntoa ea moruo, ea sechaba, ea lipolotiki le ea sesole. United States, e ntseng e tsoela pele ho sebelisoa ka mekhatlo ea linaha tse ka bophirimela ea ntlo-kholo ea linaha tse ngata tseo mesebetsi ea tsona e ratang lithahasello tsa lik'hamphani tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa machaba haholo-holo ba lichelete.
Mekhatlo ea linaha tse ngata tsa Imperialist e kenyelletsa Banka ea Lefatše le Letlole la Lichelete la Machabeng (IMF), e thehiloeng ka 1944, 'me hamorao Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Khoebo (WTO, eo qalong e neng e le Tumellano ea Kakaretso ea 1948 mabapi le Litefiso le Khoebo).
Litsi tsa lichelete tsa Bretton Woods li ile tsa atoloha haholo lilemong tsa bo-80 le bo-90 ka mor'a ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa khoebo, hammoho le Bank for International Settlements e le selekane sa libanka tse bohareng tse laoloang ke United States, Great Britain, Europe le Japane.
Mabapi le bothata bo boima ka ho fetisisa - phetoho ea maemo a leholimo - Tumellano ea Meralo ea Machaba a Kopaneng ea Phetoho ea Tlelaemete ka kakaretso e sebelelitse mekhatlo e meholo ea mafura le lithahasello tsa indasteri.
Joalo ka ha ho pakiloe ho Dubai qalong ea December, Likopano tsa selemo le selemo tsa boemo ba leholimo lefatšeng ka bophara li tlas'a taolo ea bo-imperiya, ka hona li hloleha ho qobella ho fokotsa ho ntšoa ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše ho ea maemong a tsitsitseng - kapa ho felisa libeso tsa khale - ha li ntse li hana molao-motheo o utloahalang: mokelikeli o lefang litefello.
Marang-rang a maholo a maemo a teng hajoale Mekhatlo e ikemetseng le philanthro-capitalists e se e le bafani ba bohlokoa le baetsi ba molao ba imperialism ea boemo ba leholimo, joalo ka ha ho le joalo hoo e batlang e le mabaleng a mang le a mang a (silo-delimited) a leano la lefats'e la sechaba.
Marang-rang a mang a sa reroang a matla a borena a ka fumanoa Sebokeng sa Moruo sa Lefatše se thehiloeng Davos, se nkileng seaparo sa kelello trust ea bokamoso, eo pele e neng e khabisitse Sehlopha sa Bilderberg le Lekhotla la US la Likamano tsa Kantle ho Naha.
Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ho sebetsa ho bopa tlhokomeliso ea sechaba, mecha ea litaba ea khoebo le mekhatlo e mengata ea boinahano e nang le tšusumetso e ikhethang e ikarabella bakeng sa maikutlo le maano a tlhokomelo ea puso ea bo-imperiya, eo hona joale e leng litoropong tse kholo lefatšeng ka bophara.
Empa linaha li lula li le bohlokoa, 'me litšebelisano tsa sesole, tsa lipolotiki le tsa moruo lipakeng tsa litoropo tse matla e ntse e le eona ntho ea bohlokoahali ea ho tšoarella ha imperialism.
Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-70, sehlopha sa G7 se 'nile sa hokahanya matla a naha ea Bophirimela, ho itšetlehile ka kopano.
Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Pentagon-Center Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO, o tsosolositsoe lilemong tsa morao tjena, ha mokhatlo oa "Five Eyes intelligence" (o kenyeletsang Great Britain, Canada, Australia le New Zealand) o hokahanya lithahasello tsa sesole sa Anglophone.
'Me Quadrilateral Security Dialogue e kopanya mabotho a Majapane, Maindia, Australia le US Asia, haholo-holo khahlanong le katoloso ea Chaena.
Ka nako e 'ngoe, mebuso e sebelisa Lekhotla la Ts'ireletso la UN bakeng sa taolo e pharalletseng - leha e hlokomela likhohlano tse arohaneng tse amanang le likhohlano tsa lipolotiki - le ho lumella Seboka se Akaretsang sa UN ho vouta ka "taelo e thehiloeng melaong" haholo molemong oa ho ba molaong.
Boholo ba matla ana a borena a hloka lilekane tsa maemo a holimo le baetapele ba linaha tse hlasetsoeng ke neoliberal khoebong le mebusong e mengata.
Ehlile, ho tloha ha moruo oa lefatše o putlama ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-2000, hape nakong ea seoa sa COVID-19, ho hlahile tšobotsi e ncha ea bohlokoa ea ho tšoana ha borena, haholo-holo e amanang le bloc's ea Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa (BRICS). ho fihla boemong ba lefatše.
Meruo ena ea boholo bo bohareng e bapala karolo e kholo eseng feela mekhatlong ea linaha tse ngata, empa sehlopheng sa G20 - se neng se hlophisitsoe ke India ka 2023, 2024 ke Brazil le 2025 ke Afrika Boroa.
Tšebeliso ea balekane ba matla a bohareng ba sebaka ho tlatsana le morero oa sesole sa US ha se ntho e ncha, ha Brazil, Turkey le, haholo-holo, Iseraele e lokeloa ke litlotla tsa nako e telele tsa bo-imperialist.
Ena e ne e le lentsoe Ruy Mauro Marini E thehiloe ho bontša likamano tsa Washington-Brasilia ka 1965, eo hamorao e neng e tla khetholloa ka ho pharaletseng ka har'a sehlopha sa semi-periphery Lebitso la Immanuel Wallerstein sekolo sa tsamaiso ea lefatše.
Melemo ea puso ea bo-imperiyali e nyenyane ho matla a US e hlalositsoe ke mokhethoa ea ikemetseng oa mopresidente Robert F Kennedy Jnr.
e le ha a hlahlobeloa ka la 5 Pulungoana, RFK Jr o ile a itlama hore haeba a khethoa ho elella bofelong ba 2024, o tla "etsa bonnete ba hore re na le lisebelisoa tse bohlokoa ho rona, ho kenyeletsoa mehloli ea oli e bohlokoa lefats'eng, hore re na le matla a ho etsa seteraeke ho netefatsa ho kgona ho tshireletsa bao. 'Me Iseraele e bohlokoa,' me lebaka leo e leng bohlokoa ka lona ke hobane ke tšireletso bakeng sa rona Bochabela bo Hare. Ho batla ho tšoana le ho ba le sepalangoang sa lifofane Bochabela bo Hare. ”
Eo ke mofuta o nyarosang haholo, leha e le oa 'nete, oa lilekane tse lakatsehang tsa Washington. Ponahatso e akaretsang ke taolong ea bokhaphithaliste ea linaha tse ngata, joalo ka ha khatello ea moruo e ile ea phahama ka 2008-11 le 2020-22 'me mebuso ea boemphera le ea boemphera e nyane e sebelisitse G20 le IMF ho hokahanya katoloso ea lichelete, litefo tsa libanka le phaello e theohileng kapele. .
Joale re lokela ho utloisisa joang likhohlano tsa moruo le tsa lipolotiki tseo mekhatlo ee e tobanang le eona hona joale?
Liphetoho tse kholo mekhoeng ea ho bokella chelete e ngata li bonahatsoa ke litlhophiso tse matla tsa bo-imperialist/boimperiali.
Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1970, ha mekhoa ea tlokotsi ea bokhaphithaliste e qala hape, Asia Bochabela e ile ea fetoha khetho e khahlang ea matsete bakeng sa lifeme tse shebaneng le phaello e tlase ka Bophirima. Khoebisano ea lefatše ka bophara ea khoebo, matsete le lichelete e ile ea potlaka, e khothalelitsoeng ke ho fihla ha lipeterole (mabolokelo a moruo oa oli) le li-Eurodollar, tse ileng tsa kenya chelete bohareng libakeng tsa mantlha tsa lichelete tsa Bophirima.
Joale, taolo ea lichelete tsa neoliberal e etelletsoeng pele ke US/Borithane, ho qala mathoasong a bo-80, e lumelletse kholo e matla ea mokoloto, boqapi ba lihlahisoa tsa lichelete le chelete e inahaneloang.
Litefiso tse ntseng li eketseha tsa tsoala - tse behiloeng Washington ka 1979 ho sebetsana le inflation ea US - li hohetse lichelete tse ngata tse ka tsetelang tsa Bophirima ho lipotoloho tsa lichelete tsa capital.
'Me moruo oa European Union e ile ea e-ba karolo e momahaneng, e sa arohaneng haholo ea matla a bokapitale, ka chelete e le 'ngoe mathoasong a bo-1990.
Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, mesebetsi ea taolo ea mekhatlo ea linaha tse ngata mabapi le linaha tse kolotoang haholo-holo e ile ea sebeletsa lithahasello tsa likhoebo le libanka tsa linaha tse ngata, haholo hang ha mathata a likoloto a lilemo tsa bo-80 a fetisetsa matla a pholisi ho Banka ea Lefatše le IMF.
Karolo ena ea lichelete ea imperialism e boetse e le bothata bo tebileng ka lebaka la melato ea linaha tse ngata tsa COVID-19.
Moelelong ona, likhatello tse fapaneng tsa nako e telele tsa lipolotiki le likhohlano tsa sesole li ile tsa mpefala le ho feta lilemong tsa bo-2010 - li bonahala haholo e le lintoa tse matla Ukraine le Middle East hajoale, empa le likhohlano tse lokelang ho qhoma neng kapa neng Asia Bohareng. Lithaba tsa Himalaya, Leoatle la China Boroa le hloahloa ea Korea.
Likhaohano tsena li ka hola ka potlako, tsa thefula lithahasello tse pharalletseng le ho theha maikutlo a "kampo" - Bophirima khahlano le seo ho thoeng ke tumellano e etelletsoeng pele ke China / Russia, eo le eona e ammeng maikutlo a khahlano le bo-imperialist lefatšeng ka bophara.
Likhohlano li atoloselitse ho falla ha basebetsi, khoebo le lichelete, joalo ka ha ho pakoa ke ho phahama ha lehloeo la batho ba tsoang linaheng tse ling le ho nyatsa-nyatsa ka lehlakoreng le letona la "globalism".
Tsena li ile tsa hlakisoa ka tlhōlo ea batho ba mapheo a nepahetseng likhethong tse tharo tsa 2016: Brexit, Donald Trump oa US, le Rodrigo Duterte oa Philippines, 'me ba lateloa ke likhetho tse ling tse kenyeletsang Brazil, Italy le hona joale Argentina le Netherlands.
Motheong oa khaello ea tumelo lipolotiking tsa bo-ralipolotiki ha se taolo e mpe feela ea seo ba se lumelang ke seo ho thoeng ke "polycrisis" e hlahang libakeng tse fapaneng tsa boikarabello ba linaha tse fapaneng, empa hape le ho fokotseha ha likarohano tse ngata tsa lefats'e (haholo-holo khoebo / GDP) kamora 2008 sephetho. ka "deglobalisation" kapa eng The Economist mantsoe "nyenyefatso” le tlaleho ea morao-rao ea UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) e bua ka “lebelo la ho ema” kgolo.
Ntle le mefokolo ena e amohetsoeng pepeneneng ea sistimi, ntoa ea khoebo ea US-China, e qalileng ka 2017, le tlhaselo ea Russia ea 2022 ea Ukraine e bonts'a likhohlano le meeli e teng ka har'a katoloso ea sebaka sa motse-moholo.
Empa likhohlano tse ngata tse joalo - tse tsoetsoeng ke likhohlano tsa ka hare tsa bokhaphithaliste - ha e le hantle ha se sebopeho sa baemphera. Ba bonts'a semelo se mabifi ka har'a bo-imperialism - moo mopresidente oa Russia Vladimir Putin a ileng a tšela moeli ka ho hlasela Crimea ka 2014 le Ukraine ka 2022 - le ka har'a imperialism - mohlala ha Letlotlo la US le nka mehato e feteletseng khahlano le kopanyo ea lichelete tsa Russia. , ho raha Moscow ho tsoa tsamaisong e kholo ea libanka le ho hapa lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse makholo a 'maloa tsa thepa ea eona e qhalakantsoeng ka bohlasoa le oligarch.
Ho thata ho nahana ka imperialism ea mehleng ena ntle le hore bonyane re ame matla ana 'ohle le ho bua ka mekhatlo e ts'oarellang matla a borena.
Re hloka lisebelisoa tsa mohopolo - haholo-holo sub-imperialism, le hoja lentsoe lena le khetholla haholo bakeng sa lichaba tsa Lefatše la Boraro - ho hlasela e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea mekhoa ena.
Sena, ts'ebetsong, se tla re lumella ho fetisa phetolelo e bonolo e khahlanong le bo-imperialist ea "sera sa sera sa ka ke motsoalle oa ka", hangata e fumanoang ho seo ho thoeng ke logic ea campist.
Kahoo, mekhoa eo re e sebelisang e ntse e le ea bohlokoa le ho feta, ho etsa mohlala ho hanyetsa tlhaselo ea Russia ea Ukraine le litlhaselo tsa timetso ea Iseraele-US, ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa tlhahlobo.
ZNetwork e tšehelitsoe ka lichelete feela ka seatla se bulehileng sa babali ba eona.
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1 Comment
Ka ho atolosoa ha Brics ho tla ho hoholo ho nts'etsopele ea bo-imperiyali, mohlomong tlholisano e itseng, empa ha ho tiisetso bakeng sa lefats'e le tsitsitseng hantle. Mohlomong re tla ba le imperialism e kholoanyane, nahana ka hore na ho bolelang.