In the course of delivering his historic speech dramatically altering U.S. Cuba policy, President Barack Obama briefly mentioned that the United States released three Cuban agents. These men are members of the “Cuban Five,” who were imprisoned for gathering information on U.S.-based Cuban exile groups planning terrorist actions against Cuba. Without their release, Cuba would never have freed Alan Gross. And Obama could not have undertaken what ten presidents before him refused to do: normalize relations between the United States and Cuba.
Fighting Terrorism Against Cuba
On June 8, 2001, Gerardo Hernandez, Ramon Labañino, Antonio Guerrero, Fernando Gonzalez and Rene Gonzalez were convicted of criminal charges, including conspiracy to commit espionage, and conspiracy to commit murder, in a trial in US district court in Miami. They were sentenced to four life terms and 75 years collectively.
Go'aan ka kooban 93 bog, guddi saddex garsoore ah oo ka tirsan Maxkamadda Racfaanka Mareykanka ee kow iyo tobnaad ayaa si wadajir ah u laalay xukunkooda 2005, sababtoo ah jawiga ka soo horjeeda Cuba ee Miami, dacaayad ballaaran, iyo dhaqan-xumo xeer-ilaaliye ayaa u diiday xaqa ay u leeyihiin maxkamad caddaalad ah. . Go’aanka saddexda garsoore ayaa markii dambe lagu buriyay go’aan ay gaareen dhammaan garsoorayaasha kow iyo tobnaad, oo fadhiyay, sidaas darteed xukunku wuu istaagay.
Laakin shanta Kuuba waxay si adag u ilaashadeen dambi la'aantooda waxaana jiray olole caalami ah oo lagu xoraynayo. Kuuba, shanta nin waxaa loo arkaa geesiyaal qaran.
Since the Cuban revolution in 1959, anti-Cuba terrorist organizations based in Miami have engaged in countless terrorist activities against Cuba and anyone who advocated normalization of relations between the United States and Cuba. Terrorist groups including Alpha 66, Commandos F4, Cuban American National Foundation, Independent and Democratic Cuba, and Brothers to the Rescue, have operated with impunity in the United States – with the knowledge and support of the FBI and CIA.
Mid ka mid ah markhaatiyaasha maxkamada ayaa sheegay in Ruben Dario Lopez-Castro, oo xiriir la lahaa ururo badan oo ka soo horjeeda Castro, iyo Orlando Bosch, oo bam ku rakibay diyaarad Cubana ah 1976, oo ay ku dhinteen dhammaan 73 qof oo saarnaa, "waxay qorsheynayeen inay hub u rartaan. Cuba isku dayga dil ee Fidel Castro."
Saddexda xaakim ee guddiga racfaanka ah waxay xuseen, "Bosch wuxuu leeyahay taariikh dheer oo falal argagixiso oo ka dhan ah Cuba, iyo dacwooyinka iyo xukunnada falalka argagixisada la xiriira ee Maraykanka iyo dalalka kale." Luis Posada Carriles, oo ah ninka kale ee mas'uulka ka ah soo riday diyaaradii Cuba, waligiis dambi laguma soo oogin gudaha Mareykanka. Dukumiintiyada FBI-da iyo CIA-da oo si qarsoodi ah loo dhigay oo yaallay Kaydka Amniga Qaranka ayaa muujinaya in Posada Carriles uu ahaa maskaxdii ka dambeysay duqeyntii diyaaradda.
Falal argagixiso oo dhowr ah oo ka dhacay Havana ayaa lagu diiwaan geliyay go’aanka guddiga, oo ay ku jiraan qaraxyo ka dhacay sideed hoteel iyo garoonka diyaaradaha Cuba. Dalxiise Talyaani ah ayaa ku dhintay, dadna way ku dhaawacmeen. Posada Carriles ayaa laba jeer si cad u qirtay mas'uuliyadda qaraxyadan.
In the face of this terrorism, the Cuban Five were gathering intelligence in Miami in order to prevent future terrorist acts against Cuba. The men peacefully infiltrated criminal exile groups. The Five turned over the results of their investigation to the FBI. But instead of working with Cuba to fight terrorism, the U.S. government arrested the five men.
Former high-ranking US military and security officials testified that Cuba posed no military threat to the Unites States. Although none of the five men had any classified material in their possession or engaged in any acts to injure the United States, and there was no evidence linking any of them to Cuba’s shooting down of two small aircraft flown by Cuban exiles, the Cuban Five were nonetheless convicted of all charges.
Ra'yi ururin laga qaaday Miami Cuban-Americans ayaa ka tarjumaysa "dabeecad xaalad dagaal . . . ka dhanka ah Cuba" kaasoo "saamayn la taaban karo ku yeeshay inta kale ee bulshada Miami-Dade" halkaasoo maxkamadeynta lagu qabtay. Dr. Lisandro Perez, oo ah Agaasimaha Machadka Cilmi-baarista Cuba, ayaa soo gabagabeeyey, "suurtagalnimada doorashada laba iyo toban muwaadin oo ka tirsan degmada Miami-Dade kuwaas oo noqon kara dhexdhexaad ah kiis ku lug leh wakiilada la aqoonsan yahay ee dawladda Cuba waa eber."
Guddiga rafcaanku wuxuu soo gabagabeeyey: "Halkan, maxkamad cusub ayaa lagu amray duufaantii ugu fiicnayd ee la abuuray markii dareenka bulshada ee baahsan, iyo dacaayad ballaadhan labadaba ka hor iyo inta lagu jiro maxkamadaynta, lagu daray tixraacyada dacwad-qaadista ee aan habboonayn." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shanta nin waligood ma helin maxkamad cusub.
Fernando Gonzales iyo Rene Gonzales ayaa la sii daayay waxayna dib ugu laabteen Cuba ka dib markii ay dhameysteen inta badan xukunkooda 15 sano ah. Hernandez waxa uu ku jiray laba xukun oo xabsi daa’in ah. Labanino iyo Guerrero dhawr sano ayaa uga hadhay xukunkoodii. Saddexda nin ee dambe ayaa la sii daayay iyada oo qayb ka ah heshiiska taariikhiga ah.
Albaabka Hadda Wuu Furan Yahay
In his speech, Obama mentioned the hypocrisy of the U.S. refusal to recognize Cuba while we enjoy normalized relations with Communist China and Vietnam. He announced several other new measures designed to normalize relations between the United States and Cuba.
But Obama did not lift the US blockade of Cuba, which consists of economic sanctions against Cuba and restrictions on Cuban travel and commerce.
Sannad kasta 23 sano oo xiriir ah, Golaha loo dhan yahay ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa ugu baaqay Mareykanka inuu qaado go’doominta, taasoo Cuba ay ku kacday lacag ka badan 1 tiriliyan oo dollar.
The U.S. trade embargo of Cuba was initiated during the Cold War by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in response to a 1960 memo written by a senior State Department official. The memo proposed “a line of action that makes the greatest inroads in denying money and supplies to Cuba, to decrease monetary and real wages, to bring about hunger, desperation and the overthrow of the [Castro] government.” As Obama stated, that strategy has been a failure.
Intii lagu jiray maamulka Clinton, Koongarasku wuxuu ansixiyay sharciga Helms-Burton, kaas oo adkeeyay xannibaadda. Obama ayaa ballan qaaday inuu isku dayi doono inuu Congress-ka kala shaqeeyo sidii sharcigan loo baabi'in lahaa.
Because of the significance of the Cuban exile community in Miami, and the strategic importance of Florida in US elections, no US president has dared to normalize relations with Cuba. As Alice Walker wrote in The Sweet Abyss, “Many of our leaders seem to view Florida’s Cuban conservatives, including the assassins and terrorists among them, as People Who Vote.” Obama has taken a courageous step in shifting US policy toward Cuba.
In their simultaneous speeches today, both Obama and Cuban President Raul Castro thanked Pope Francis for his efforts in helping to engineer the historic deal. CNN reported that bells were ringing in churches all over Havana. This is a wonderful day indeed.
Marjorie Cohn waa borofisar wax ka dhiga Thomas Jefferson School of Law, ku xigeenka xoghayaha guud ee Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Qareenada Dimuqraadiga, iyo madaxwaynihii hore ee Guild Qareenada Qaranka (NLG). Sannadkii 2000, waxay ku biirtay 250 xubnood oo ka tirsan NLG socod milyan-qof ah oo ka dhacay Havana oo lagaga soo horjeeday go'doominta Maraykanka ee Cuba.
ZNetwork waxa lagu maalgeliyaa oo keliya deeqsinimada akhristeyaasheeda.
Nalasoo