Ku dhawaad 24 sano ka hor, shan xubnood oo garabka midig ah oo ka tirsan Maxkamadda Sare ayaa xilka madaxweynenimo ku wareejiyay George W. Bush Bush v. Gore. In kasta oo ay tahay munaafaqnimada muxaafidka gobolada ku saabsan xakamaynta hubka, "xuquuqda" tubaakada, xuquuqda naafada iyo tacadiyada ka dhanka ah haweenka, maxkamaddu waxay meesha ka saartay tarjumaadda Florida ee qawaaniinta doorashada si loogu rakibo Bush madaxweyne.
Hadda, maxkamadda sare waxay diyaar u tahay in ay mar kale isku daydo doorasho madaxweyne iyada oo u oggolaanaysa Trump-ka-mucaaradku inuu ku sii jiro warqadda codbixinta ee Colorado taas oo xadgudub ku ah Qodobka Diidmada ee Qaybta 3 ee Wax-ka-beddelka 14-aad. Laakiin markan lixda garabka midig ee maxkamadda waxay u badan tahay inay ku biiri doonaan ugu yaraan laba ka mid ah asxaabtooda xorta ah.
At February 8 dood afka ah in Trump iyo Anderson, Xubin kasta oo ka tirsan Maxkamadda Sare marka laga reebo Sonia Sotomayor waxay muujisay inay iska indha tirayaan amarka Qaybta 3 oo ay qabaan in dawlad-goboleedyadu aysan u tartami karin musharraxiinta doorashooyinka qaranka ilaa Congress-ka uu soo saaro sharci sheegaya inay awoodaan.
Waxay u egtahay in aqlabiyad ku dhow oo la isku raacsan yahay oo maxkamadda sare ah ay burin doonto xukunka maxkamadda sare ee Colorado ee ah in madaxweynihii hore ee Donald Trump laga mamnuucay inuu ka soo muuqdo goobta codbixinta.
Qaybta 3 ee wax ka beddelka 14aad wuxuu leeyahay:
Qofna ma noqon karo Senator ama Wakiil Congress-ka, ama doorta Madaxweyne iyo Madaxweyne ku-xigeen, ama ma qaban karo xafiis kasta, rayid ama ciidan, hoos yimaada Maraykanka, ama hoos yimaada dawlad kasta, kaas oo, hore u dhaartay, xubin ahaan Congress-ka, ama sarkaal ka tirsan Maraykanka, ama xubin ka tirsan sharci-dejinta dawlad-goboleed kasta, ama sida fulinta ama sarkaalka garsoorka ee dawlad kasta, si uu u taageero Dastuurka Maraykanka, waxay ku hawlan yihiin kacdoon ama kacdoon ka dhan ah isku mid ah. , ama la siiyo gargaar ama nasteexo cadawgooda. Laakin Koongarasku wuxuu u codayn karaa saddex meelood laba meel Aqal kasta, inuu meesha ka saaro naafanimadaas.
Dhowr xubnood oo maxkamadda ka tirsan ayaa u muuqda inay u janjeeraan inay aqbalaan dooda Trump ee ah in madaxweynuhu aanu ahayn "sarkaalka" Mareykanka - soo jeedin aad u qosol badan uma baahnid inaad qareen noqoto si aad u aragto caqli-galnimadeeda. Xubnaha qaar ee ku andacoonaya inay yihiin "asalligayaal" waxay u muuqdeen kuwo diyaar u ah inay akhriyaan Qaybta 3 shardi ah in Koongarasku meel mariyo sharciga ka hor inta aan la codsanin u-qalmitaanka. Inta badan xubnaha maxkamada dhamaantood way iska indhatireen ka qayb galka Trump ee kacdoonkii 6-dii Janaayo, khatarta ugu weyn ee badbaadada jamhuuriyadda tan iyo dagaalkii sokeeye.
Runtii, Qaybta 3aad waxaa la sameeyay Dagaalkii Sokeeye ka dib si dadka looga joojiyo inay qabtaan xilalka ka soo shaqeeyay dawladda dagaalka ka hor laakiin markaas taageeray Confederacy.
Trump wuxuu ku andacoonayaa in aanu madaxweyne ahayn "Sarkaalka" Maraykanka
Neil Gorsuch iyo Ketanji Brown Jackson oo la waydiiyay in madaxweynuhu yahay sarkaal Maraykan ah ayaa soo xigtay qaybta 3 ee liiska dhawr sarkaal oo aanu madaxweynuhu ku jirin. Laakiin qaybtaas waxa kale oo ka mid ah "wax kasta oo xafiis, madani ama ciidan,” dastuurkuna wuxuu madaxweynaha ugu yeeraa “sarkaal” meelo kale oo badan. Gorsuch iyo Jackson waxay u muuqdeen inay ku raacsan yihiin sheegashada Trump ee ah in “saraakiil” ay ula jeedaan oo keliya saraakiisha la magacaabay, ee aanay ahayn kuwa la doortay. Laakiin Sotomayor wuxuu ugu yeeray tarjumaada "wax yar oo ka mid ah qaanuunka gerrymandered."
Intaa waxaa dheer, kuwan asalka ah, kuwaas oo qiranaya inay tixgeliyaan "macnaha asalka ah ee dadweynaha" wakhtiga 14-aad ee Wax-ka-beddelka lagu daray Dastuurka, waxay iska indho-tireen faallooyin cad oo ku saabsan sagxada Senate-ka inta lagu jiro doodda Qaybta 3 in madaxweynuhu dhab ahaantii yahay sarkaal. John Bingham, oo ah qoraaga hormuudka ka ah wax ka beddelka 14-aad, ayaa madaxweynaha u tixraacay "sarkaal." Dheeraad ah, 29 taariikhyahano ayaa ku soo gabagabeeyey amicus kooban kiiskan in "sarkaalka" loogu talagalay in lagu daro madaxweynaha.
Sida Maxkamadda Sare ee Colorado ay sheegtay, "Madaxweyne Trump wuxuu na weydiisanayaa in aan qabanno qaybta 3-aad waxay diideysaa fallaago kasta oo dhaarta jebiya marka laga reebo kan ugu awoodda badan iyo in ay ka mamnuucdo kuwa dhaarta ka yimaada xafiis kasta, labadaba gobolka iyo federaalka, marka laga reebo kan ugu sarreeya dhulka.” Maxkamaddu waxay soo gabagabaysay, "Labada natiijadu waa kuwo aan waafaqsanayn luqadda cad iyo taariikhda Qaybta 3."
Gorsuch iyo Samuel Alito waxay u maleeyeen in dacwaddan ay dhici karto inay dhicisoobayso sababtoo ah Qaybta 3 waxay mamnuucday kacdoon wadayaasha oo keliya haysta xafiiska, ma orodkii xafiiska. Waxay xuseen in haddii Trump la doorto, Congress-ku uu meesha ka saari karo diidmada codbixinta saddex-meelood laba ka hor inta uusan muddadiisa bilaaban.
Jason Murray, oo ah qareenka u doodaya codbixiyayaasha Colorado ee ka soo horjeeda xaq u yeelashada Trump, ayaa xusay in qodobka II iyo wax ka beddelka 10aad ay siinayaan dawladaha awoodda ay ku maamulaan doorashooyinka madaxtinimo. Sidaa darteed, waxay " awood u leeyihiin inay xaqiijiyaan in codadka doorashada ee muwaadiniintooda aan lagu khasaarin musharaxa dastuurku u diiday inuu qabto xilka."
Sababtoo ah Congress-ka ayaa meesha ka saari kara naafanimada "si toos ah uma siinayso madaxweyne Trump xaqa dastuuriga ah ee uu u leeyahay inuu u tartamo xafiisyo uusan qaban karin si xadgudub ku ah sharciga gobolka iyo habraaca gobolka ee qodobka II," ayuu yiri Murray.
Trump wuxuu ku andacoonayaa in qaybta 3-aad aysan ahayn "is-daalin"
Brett Kavanaugh wuxuu caddeeyey in "macnaha asalka ah ee dadweynaha" ee Qaybta 3 ay tahay in Koongarasku waa inuu ansixiyo sharci ka hor inta aan sarkaalka laga joojinin inuu qabto xafiiska sababtoo ah qaybtaas maaha "is-fulin." Laakiin maxkamadda sare ayaa ku xukuntay 1883 Kiisaska Xuquuqda Madaniga ah Wax ka beddelka 14-aad "shaki la'aan waa is-fulin, iyada oo aan lahayn sharci kaabaya."
Kavanaugh wuu u jeestay Kiiskii Griffin, kiis maxkamad hoose ah (oo aan ahayn xeer-ilaaliye) oo yidhi Qaybta 3 ma aha mid iskeed u fulinaysa laakiin waxay u baahan tahay xeer-nidaamiye shirweyne. Koongarasku wuxuu soo saaray Sharciga Dhaqangelinta ee 1870 ka dib Kiiskii Griffin si loo hirgeliyo Qaybta 3-aad, balse xeerkaas waxa la laalay 1940-kii.
Markii uu ku cadaadiyay Jackson wax ku saabsan labis la'aanta haddii dawladaha loo oggolaado inay xoojiyaan Qaybta 3, Murray wuxuu ku jawaabay in waxa qaabeeyayaashu "ay aad uga walaacsanaayeen inay hubiyaan in fallaagada iyo fallaagada aysan xafiis qaban." Sidaa darteed, wuxuu intaas ku daray, "Waxay ahaan lahayd wax yar oo la yaab leh in la yiraahdo dawlad-goboleedyadu ma fulin karaan, oo kaliya dawladda federaalka ayaa awood u leh inay hirgeliso, iyo in Congress-ka uu si dhab ah u jeexjeexi karo wadnaha qaybta 3 si aqlabiyad fudud kaliya ku guul daraystay in uu meel mariyo sharci dhaqangelineed.”
Halkii diiradda la saari lahaa in Trump uu ka qaybqaatay kacdoon ka dhan ah Mareykanka Janaayo 6, Elena Kagan, Amy Coney Barrett iyo John Roberts, oo ay weheliyaan Jackson, Alito, iyo Kavanaugh, ayaa ka walaacsanaa in hal gobol uu go'aan ka gaari karo arrinta.
"Waxaan u maleynayaa in su'aasha ah in aad la kulanto waa sababta hal gobol uu u go'aaminayo qofka noqonaya madaxweynaha Mareykanka," Kagan ayaa u sheegay Murray. "Maxay tahay sababta hal gobol uu awood ugu leeyahay in uu go'aansado ma aha oo kaliya muwaadiniintiisa laakiin qaranka intiisa kale? … Taasi waxay u muuqataa wax aan caadi ahayn, miyaanay ahayn?”
Murray wuxuu ku jawaabay in Colorado ay go'aansatey kaliya codbixiyeyaasheeda si ay u dhaqan geliyaan Qodobada U-qalmitaanka, si la mid ah inay ka reebayso musharraxiinta madaxtinimada ee ka yar 35 sano jir, aan u dhalan Mareykanka ama horay u soo shaqeeyay laba xilli.
Jackson wuxuu shaki galiyay in qorayaasha Qaybta 3 ay ula jeedaan inay abuuraan "qaab la'aan sidan oo kale ah, halkaasoo aan ku leenahay doorashooyin la sugayo iyo gobolo kala duwan si lama filaan ah u leh, 'Waxaad xaq u leedahay, ma tihid."
Barrett waxa uu ka walwalay xaalad aan diiwaanka dhabta ah si buuxda uga soo bixin maxkamadda gobolka iyo sida ay maxkamadda sare dib ugu eegi lahayd natiijooyinkaas. "Uma eka sidii wicis dawladeed," ayay tiri.
Alito waxa uu ka xumaaday in gobolo kala duwan ay gaadheen go'aano kala duwan oo ku saabsan ogolaanshaha caddaynta. Waxa uu la yaabay in dib u eegista diiwaanka gobolka, ay tahay in Maxkamadda Sare ay go'aamiso xeerarka caddaynta ee lagu dabaqi karo iyo culeyska caddaynta ee loo isticmaalo si loo tuso musharaxa inuu yahay kacdoon. Alito iyo Roberts labaduba waxay ka digtoonayeen waxa Alito ugu yeedhay khatarta "cascading" saamaynta ay ku xaqiijinayso go'aanka Maxkamadda Sare ee Colorado ee diidmada Trump.
Kavanaugh wuxuu caddeeyey in "Congress-ku uu leeyahay awoodda halkan, maaha dawladaha." Waxa uu sheegay in maxkamaddu "ay tahay inay ka fikirto dimuqraadiyadda, ka fikirto xaqa ay dadku u leeyihiin inay doortaan musharraxiinta ay doortaan, inay dadka u ogolaadaan inay go'aan ka gaaraan," walaac uu ku dhawaaqay Jackson. Kavanaugh, oo taageeray sharciyada cabudhinta codbixiyayaasha ee u horseeday doorashada 2020, ayaa ka digay in meel marinta Qaybta 3 ee ka dhanka ah Trump "ay leedahay saamaynta cod-bixiyayaasha oo aad u weyn."
Isaga oo ka jawaabaya, Murray ayaa u sheegay Kavanaugh in, "Sababta aan halkan u joogno waa in madaxweyne Trump uu isku dayay in uu diido 80 milyan oo Maraykan ah oo u codeeyay isaga, dastuurkuna uma baahna in fursad kale la siiyo."
Xubnahan maxkamaddu waxay sidoo kale ku guul daraysteen inay sheegaan in wax ka beddelka 14-aad uu ansixiyay Congress-ka oo uu saxeexay madaxweynuhu si loo isticmaalo dimoqraadiyadda muhiimka ah.
"Xubnayaasha Qaybta 3aad waxay ogaadeen waayo-aragnimo xanuun badan in kuwa si xun u jebiyey dhaartoodii dastuurka aan lagu aamini karin inay mar kale qabtaan sababtoo ah waxay burburin karaan dimuqraadiyadeena dastuuriga ah gudaha, sidaas darteed waxay abuureen badbaado dimoqraadi ah," Murray ayaa u sheegay maxkamadda. "Madaxweyne Trump wuxuu aadi karaa Congress-ka inuu cafis u fidiyo saddex meelood laba meel. Laakiin, inuu taas sameeyo mooyaane, Dastuurkeenu wuxuu naga ilaaliyaa kooxaha nabad-diidka ah”.
Maxkamadda darajada koowaad ee Colorado waxay qabatay dhageysi shan maalmood ah muddadaas cadaymo urursaday Guddiga doorashada labada dhinac si ay u baadhaan Weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo ee Capitol-ka Mareykanka ayaa la soo bandhigay. Trump waxa uu fursad u helay in uu u yeedho oo uu su’aalo weydiiyo marqaatiyaal iyo in uu marqaati furo. Maxkamadda Sare ee Colorado ayaa xaqiijisay natiijada maxkamadda dacwadda ee ah in Trump uu sameeyay kacdoon isaga oo isku dayaya in uu baabi'iyo doorashada isaga oo beddelaya tirinta codadka doorashada, kor u qaadista warqado been abuur ah oo codbixiyeyaal ah, cadaadis ku saaray madaxweyne ku-xigeenkii Mike Pence in uu ku xad-gudbo waajibaadkiisa dastuuriga ah oo uu ku booriyay socodka Capitol.
Waxa xiiso leh, inkasta oo uu dafiray in Trump uu ku kacay kacdoon, haddana qareenka Trump Jonathan Mitchell waxa uu ku tilmaamay dhacdooyinkii 6-dii Janaayo sidan soo socota: “Tani waxay ahayd rabshado. Mucaarad ma ahayn. Dhacdooyinku waxay ahaayeen ceeb, dembi, rabshad, dhammaan waxyaalahaas, laakiin uma qalmin kacdoon sida ereygaas loo adeegsaday Qaybta 3."
Inkastoo qaybta 3-aad aysan u baahnayn in mas'uul ku dhaartay inuu taageerayo dastuurka lagu xukumo kacdoon si looga saaro madaxweynaha, Kavanaugh ayaa walaac ka muujiyay.
Filo Go'aan Siyaasadeed
Alito iyo Roberts way ka xanaaqeen fowdada ka reebtay Trump inuu ka soo baxo codbixinta. Laakin aad ugamay walaacin fowdadii ka dhalatay markii ay rogeen Roe v. Wade, waxay taageereen tillaabooyinka lagu xakamaynayo cod-bixiyayaasha oo waxay toogteen tillaabooyinka xakamaynta hubka.
Roberts waxa uu ka walaacsan yahay suurtagalnimada in badan oo ka mid ah diidmada murashaxiinta Jamhuuriga iyo Dimuqraadiga labadaba. "Waxaan filan lahaa … tiro wanaagsan oo gobollo ah ayaa dhihi doona, ku alla kii musharraxa Dimuqraadigu yahay, 'Waxaad ka baxday doorashada'."
Murray waxa uu ku bilaabay dooddiisa isaga oo u sheegay maxkamadda in, "Capitol-ka qarankeena lagu soo weeraray gacan-ka-hadal" markii ugu horreysay tan iyo Dagaalkii 1812. "Markii ugu horreysay taariikhda," ayuu sii watay, "Weerarka waxaa kiciyay madaxweyne fadhiya ee Maraykanka si ay u carqaladeeyaan wareejinta nabada ee awoodda madaxweynaha." Waxa uu sidoo kale xusay in, "Iyagoo ku hawlan kacdoon ka dhan ah dastuurka," Trump "wuxuu iska diiday inuu ka shaqeeyo xafiiska dadweynaha," wuxuuna hadda leeyahay Maxkamadda Sare waa inay soo saartaa wax ka reeban gaar ah oo isaga kaliya khuseeya. Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee hore marka laga reebo George Washington oo aan xilka qaban ka hor inta aan loo dooran madaxweynaha.
Sotomayor ayaa si caqli-gal ah u waydiiyay Mitchell, "Ma waxaad u dejinaysaa si haddii madaxweynaha qaarkiis uu mar saddexaad u tartamo, in gobolku aanu ka saari karin doorashada?"
In kooban, qareenada matalaya codbixiyayaasha Colorado ayaa xusay, "Ujeedada booska Trump waa sharci ka yar kan siyaasadeed. Isagu si hoose uguma hanjabo 'bedlam' haddii uusan ku jirin warqadda codbixinta. Laakin waxaan horay u aragnay 'bedlamka' Trump oo la sii daayay markii uu joogay on codbixintii oo laga badiyay.”
Waxaan ka filan karnaa Maxkamadda Sare inay go'aan degdeg ah ka gaarto kiiskan, maadaama xilli hore uu si wanaagsan u socdo. Dhanka kale, maxkamadda sare ayaa lagu wadaa inay go'aan ka gaarto haddii Trump, oo wajahaya 91 dacwadood oo dambi ah, uu leeyahay xasaanad ka-hortagga dacwad-ku-taagista, ama inay sii dheereysato go'aankaas illaa doorashada ka dib, taasoo sare u qaadaysa fursadaha guusha Trump.
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Marjorie Cohn waa borofisar emerita wax ka dhiga Thomas Jefferson School of Law, madaxwaynihii hore ee Guild Qareenada Qaranka, iyo xubin ka tirsan guddiyada latalinta qaranka ee Difaaca Assange iyo Veterans For Peace, iyo xafiiska Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Qareenada Dimuqraadiga. Waxay aasaastay hormuudka Akadeemiyada Dadka ee Sharciga Caalamiga ah iyo wakiilka Mareykanka ee golaha la-talinta qaaradda ee Ururka Sharci-yaqaannada Mareykanka. Buugaagteeda waxa ka mid ah Drones iyo Dilka La Beegsaday: Arrimaha Sharciga, Moral iyo Juqraafiga. Iyadu waa la-hawlgalayaasheeda "Sharciga iyo Qalalaasaha" Raadiyaha.
ZNetwork waxa lagu maalgeliyaa oo keliya deeqsinimada akhristeyaasheeda.
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