Ongororo ye Purple Simba: Iyo Nhoroondo uye Global Impact yeSEIU rakanyorwa naLouis Aguiar naJoseph McCartin (University of Illinois Press, 2023) uye Nzira Yatinovaka nayo: Kudzoreredza Chiremerera Kubasa Rokuvaka naMark Erlich (Yunivhesiti yeIllinois Press, 2023).
Muhurukuro ichangobva kuitika nemumwe murwi wechidiki ane ruzivo rwezvemabasa, ndakambotaura nezve Change to Win (CTW), mubatanidzwa wenyika dzevashandi wakaumbwa muna 2005 nevakabuda muAmerican Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organisations (AFL- CIO). "Kuchinja chii?" akabvunza. "Handina kumbonzwa nezvazvo."
Mhinduro yake haina kushamisa, zvichipihwa hupenyu hupfupi hwesherufu yemhando yesangano iri mubvunzo. Yakatangwa nekufarira kwenhau, CTW pakutanga yaimiririra vashandi 5.5 miriyoni, vangangoita chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chenhengo dzese dzeAFL-CIO. Vavambi vayo - Service Employees International Union (SEIU), Teamsters, Carpenters, Laborers, United Farm Workers (UFW), United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW), uye UNITE HERE - vakazviona sekuuya kwechipiri kweCongress of Industrial Organizations. (CIO), mubatanidzwa wemakwikwi wakagadzirwa pakati pemakore ekuma1930 kutungamira ruzhinji kuronga munguva iyoyo.
Ku "kuvaka simba revashandi" makore makumi manomwe gare gare, makiyi eCTW strategists akafarira kubatanidzwa kwesangano nenzira yekubatana kwakawanda pakati pemibatanidzwa yenyika uye kubatanidzwa kwemukati kwenhengo kuita matunhu makuru kana matunhu mazhinji. Nyanzvi yebasa Ruth Milkman akanyora a New York Times pfungwa chiduku tichirumbidza CTW se "tariro yepamusoro yevashandi - pamwe tariro yayo chete - yekumutsiridza."
CTW haina kurarama maererano nekunyepedzera kwakadaro. Yakabva yaputirwa kunetsana kwemukati, zvakakonzerwa nemutungamiri weSEIU panguva iyoyo Andy Stern kugadziridzwa kwevashandi vehutano muCalifornia uye ake kupindira kune njodzi munyaya dzemukati meUNITE HERE. Mubatanidzwa wakatarisana nekuronga uye vamwe vaviri vakatanga CTW, UFCW neVashandi, vakadzokera kuAFL-CIO uye vakagamuchirwa zvakare.
The United Brotherhood of Carpenters yakasiya CTW asi haina kujoina mubatanidzwa. Pane kudaro, pasi pehutongi hwehutongi hwemutungamiri wenyika Douglas McCarron, hondo dzekutonga neAFL-CIO mibatanidzwa yekuvaka yakaramba ichipisa. Panzvimbo pekuwedzera kune chero shanduko yezvematongerwo enyika kuti ive nani mukati mevashandi vakarongeka, McCarron akave Mutungamiriri George W. Bush mutsigiri mukuru wemubatanidzwa uye akatsigira mamwe maRepublican samukoma waBush Jeb paakanga ari gavhuna weFlorida.
Gore rakapera, pasi hutsva nehutungamiriri hwenyika huri nani, the Teamsters pakupedzisira vakasiya CTW. Izvi zvakatungamira SEIU, iyo ichiri diki UFW, uye yangu mubatanidzwa, iyo Communications Workers of America (CWA), iyo AFL-CIO yakabatana iyo yaipikisa kusikwa kweCTW, kudzoreredza kubatana kwavo kwazvino seStrategic Organising Center (SOC). Iyo SOC inochengetedza vashandi vadiki kuti vagadzire "kutsvagisa kwekutsvagira mishandirapamwe." Pamusoro payo webhusaiti itsva ine mwero, Shanduko kuWin (uye chitsidzo chayo chepakutanga chekupa bhiriyoni remadhora kuhurongwa hutsva) inodzoserwa kune gomba rekurangarira, isingataurwi zvachose.
Siginicha Mishandirapamwe
Mushure mekusimuka, kudzikira, uye iko zvino kunyangarika zviri pamutemo kweCTW, vatsigiri vevashandi vanofarira kufunga kwakabatana nemasangano ekutanga emubatanidzwa vanofanirwa kutarisa maviri matsva eYunivhesiti yeIllinois Press: Purple Simba: Iyo Nhoroondo uye Global Impact yeSEIU, rakanyorwa naLouis Aguiar naJoseph McCartin, uye Nzira Yatinovaka nayo: Kudzoreredza Chiremerera Kubasa Rokuvaka, naMark Erlich, aimbova mutungamiriri wedunhu weVavezi muNew England, uyo zvino ari muongorori wepaHarvard Law School's Center for Labor and A Just Economy.
Mabhuku ese ari maviri anosanganisira zvidzidzo zvakakosha zvemaindasitiri uko vashandi vaimbove nebargaining uye ipapo deunionization yakaitika, izvo zvaida nzira nyowani dzekutsvaga nhengo mukupindura. Nepo kuedza kwechizvino-zvino muSEIU neVavezi vakaguma vava nedambudziko rakafanana, misiyano pakati pemubatanidzwa wemaindasitiri emubatanidzwa nesangano rezvivakwa zvechinyakare rinowanzoonekwa.Nepo kuedza kwechizvino-zvino muSEIU neVavezi vakaguma vava nedambudziko rakafanana, misiyano pakati pemubatanidzwa wemaindasitiri emubatanidzwa nesangano rezvivakwa zvechinyakare rinowanzoonekwa.
In Purple Simba, gumi nevaviri vatsvakurudzi vezvidzidzo pamwe nevanogadzirisa vanorondedzera nhoroondo yeSEIU yakasiyana-siyana sehutano hwehutano, mushandi wehurumende, uye sevhisi-sector union. Zvitsauko zvinoteedzera kusimukira kwemasaina emushandirapamwe pakati pevashandi vezvekudya nekukasika uye kukurudzira kweSEIU "yemhando yekuronga" pakati pemasangano evashandi kune dzimwe nyika (kunyangwe CTW yakadzokera kumusha). Nehurombo, hapana account yezvino Starbucks drive, inotsigirwa neWorkers United, SEIU yakabatana yakawanikwa (paUNITE HERE's kudhura) panguva yekuparara kweCTW. Kuedza kwakawanda kunotungamirwa nevashandi kwakawana kusimba kukuru kwechitoro-pasi, kuburikidza nemazana evamiriri vesarudzo vakakunda uye nekurwira kondirakiti yekutanga, kupfuura mhirizhonga yeSEIU yenharaunda, yakapfuura yekuwedzera mihoro yekudya nekukurumidza, "Kurwira madhora gumi nemashanu. ”
Purple Simba inotarisisa, mukuburitsa fashoni, pabasa remurongi anozivikanwa weSEIU, Stephen Lerner. Yakakosha Strategist kuseri kweJustice yeJanitors kushambadzira pakati pe1980s uye gare gare, Lerner. akatanga pabasa, kufanana nevamwe vakawanda, semunhu anozvipira weUFW. Akabva abatsira kuronga vashandi vemufekitari nevashandi vehurumende. Mukati meSEIU, akave Stern-akagadzwa nhengo yebhodhi renyika uye director weSEIU's building services division, asati adzingwa mumubatanidzwa mushure mekunge Mary Kay Henry atsiva Stern semutungamiri wenyika muna 2010.
Lerner parizvino aita tsvakiridzo kuKalmanovitz Initiative yeLabour and the Working Poor, inotungamirwa na Purple Simba coeditor McCartin, purofesa wenhoroondo yeGeorgetown. Sekuona kwaMcCartin, somunyori wenhoroondo dzebasa, vashandi vanosvika mamiriyoni 1.8 vanobatsirwa zvikuru nebasa rakaitwa naStern, Lerner, aimbova purezidhendi weAFL-CIO, John Sweeney, nevamwe vakawanda kuti SEIU “ive mubatanidzwa unobudirira zvikuru muNorth America, uye ane simba zvikuru munyika.”
Kuvakazve muCore Industries
Kuti vakwanise kuwana dhigirii iroro rebudiriro, SEIU yakatanga yakatarisana neyakapera-zana ramakore rechimakumi maviri yakavhurika-shopu maitiro mumasevhisi ekuvaka, hutongi hwayo hwechinyakare. Sokurondedzera kunoita Lerner, “mavambo emubatanidzwa akanga ava kufa—maguta akanga ari kuenda kusiri mubatanidzwa. Indasitiri yaiwana kondirakiti kunze [uye SEIU] yakanga ichibvuma kubvumidzwa mukuyedza kuchengetedza makondirakiti emubatanidzwa kubva kune vanobhadhara zvishoma vasiri vemubatanidzwa makondirakiti.
Sezvakanyorwa mu Purple Simba (uye mabhuku apfuura kana mafirimu akadai Chingwa uye Roses), varongi veSEIU vakabudirira kuunganidza vashandi vakawanda vanobva kune dzimwe nyika kuburikidza nekuramwa mabasa, kuvaka misha, kuratidzira, uye kusateerera kwevanhu kwaida kucherechedzwa kwemubatanidzwa uye zvibvumirano zvepamusoro mumaguta anopfuura makumi matatu muUnited States neCanada. Pamusoro payo, chiitiko cheJustice for Janitors chakabatsira kuhwina budiriro yemazana akati wandei ezviuru zvevarindi nekuita kuti dambudziko ravo rive rinozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwevashandi célèbre, munharaunda uye munyika.
Magadzirirwo Atinovaka inopa nhoroondo yakadzama yekutyisidzira kwakafanana kune vashandi vekuvaka vekuUS. Chifo cha 1971 mukutengeserana kwezvivako, Erlich anoshuma kuti, “mibayiro chaiyoiyo yakaderera ne15 muzana inoshamisa, basa rokuderera kwesimba romubatanidzwa uye kukura kunowirirana kwechikamu chinotambirwa zvishoma, chisiri chomubatanidzwa.” Vashandi vezvikamu zviviri zvino vanosanganisira nhengo dzemubatanidzwa dzine zvirongwa zvekudzidzira basa, mihoro yakanaka uye mabhenefiti, nedziviriro yekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo yebasa, pavanenge vachishanda mumapurojekiti makuru nemari yeruzhinji kana yakazvimirira munzvimbo dzakasimba dzemubatanidzwa. Asi boka guru revashandi, kunyanya kuMaodzanyemba, Maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, neRocky Mountain uye vari kushanda pakuvaka dzimba dzekugara, vane “mihoro yakaderera, mamiriro ezvinhu asina kuchengeteka, havana mabhenefiti, havana inzwi rakaungana, uye kuba nguva nenguva.
Sezvinoratidzwa naErlich, chimwe chinhu chakakosha chekutonga chemubatanidzwa uye kudzikisa zviyero zvevashandi kwave kuri kusarudzika kwakapararira kweava vashandi vakaberekerwa kunze kwenyika se "makondirakiti akazvimirira." Munhangemutange yekudzika pasi mukuvaka, hapana chinokusvitsa ipapo nekukurumidza kupfuura kurasa mabasa evashandirwi ekupa inishuwarenzi yehutano yeboka kana kuvharwa kwevashandi uye kubhadhara mutero wekubhadhara weSocial Security, Medicare, kana mabhenefiti ehurumende.
Sezvakataurwa naErlich, kurasikirwa kwakaguma kwe "musika wemubatanidzwa" kwakatungamira VaCarpenters "kugadziridza uye kuderedza huwandu hwevagari venzvimbo vari kunetsekana." Kutanga kuma1990s, uye nekukanganisa kukuru munguva yekutonga kwaMcCarron kwemakore makumi maviri nemasere, mubatanidzwa "wakamisa makanzuru ematunhu semasangano epakati kuti aratidze shanduko muindasitiri, kuratidza boka rinowedzera dunhu revashandirwi, uye kutsiva. bongozozo rekudzoreredzwa uye dzimwe nguva kupokana kuita sarudzo nemibatanidzwa yemuno inozvimiririra ine yunifomu seti yemitemo uye nhungamiro mumatunhu akawanda. "
Akapedza kudzidza kuColumbia University, Erlich aive akasarudzika kuti aite basa mukuita uku. Vashoma '60s radicals vakabatana nevanochengetedza zvivakwa zvekutengesa pane kuti “colonizing” munzvimbo dzebasa dzevachena kana dzemaindasitiri uko tsika dzebasa reruboshwe, zvisinei kuti dzakasakara, dzaiita sezviri nyore kukumbira uye kutsigira makore makumi mashanu apfuura. Asi Erlich akazoshanda kwemakore gumi nematatu semuvezi wenzvimbo-uye-faira muMassachusetts. Akasarudzwa maneja webhizinesi weCarpenters diki yemuno muBoston asati ava mugadziri wedunhu ane simba wemubatanidzwa.
Muna 2005, akakunda musarudzo dzakakwikwidzwa dzemunyori mukuru-mubati wehomwe weNew England-wide Carpenters Council ine nhengo zviuru makumi maviri nezvina uye vashandi vakagadzwa vezana. Mune iro basa rehutungamiriri, akave mumwe weva yakabhadharwa zvakanyanya vakuru vezvekutengeserana kwekuvaka kumabvazuva kweMassachusetts uye ivo pachavo vaifanira kugadzirisa "makakatanwa pakati pekuita basa rakagadziridzwa uye hutongi hwejekerere hwezviitwa zvepasi." In Magadzirirwo Atinovaka, munyori anobvuma kuti mubatanidzwa “kubatanidzwa kunogona kuuya nomubhadharo” nemhaka yokuti “simba riri pakati rinokwanisa uye rakashandiswa zvisina kufanira.”
Nekudaro, bhuku raErlich harina kumbobatikana, mune chero mamwe mashoko, nedambudziko iro Association for Union Democracy yakanyatsonyorwa kwehafu yezana remakore rapfuura. Kudzorwa kwepamusoro-soro mukutengeserana kwezvivakwa ndicho chipingamupinyi chikuru mukumutsiridza kwavo, nekuti kunobereka huwori hwesangano hunosanganisira mibairo kubva kuvashandirwi kana kubvisirwa pfuma yemubatanidzwa uye zvirongwa zvekubatsirikana nevakuru vari kutotora mihoro isingaite. Somuenzaniso, pasinei nokungova nevanobhadhara 430,000 600,000 chete, sangano revezi rinobhadhara McCarron ane makore makumi manomwe nematatu ekuberekwa mari inopfuura $XNUMX pagore - mari inopetwa kaviri muripo waMary Kay Henry wekutungamira nhengo yakakura kana.Kutonga kwepamusoro-soro mukutengeserana kwezvivakwa ndicho chipingamupinyi chikuru mukumutsiridza kwavo, nekuti kunobereka huwori hwesangano hunosanganisira mibairo kubva kuvashandirwi kana kubvisirwa pfuma yemubatanidzwa.
Sarudzo dzemagungano evakuru veCarpenters' dzinodzorwa zvakasimba, uye kugadziridzwa kwemukati kwakabvisa chinzvimbo uye vanofaya kugona kusarudza zvakananga vakuru vakuru mumakanzuru ematunhu emubatanidzwa. Mushure mekunge Erlich aenda pamudyandigere, kanzuru yake yematunhu matanhatu yakapinzwa muNorth Atlantic States Regional Council inosanganisira nhengo dzeNew York. Pasi peMcCarron - senge SEIU's Stern - vagari venzvimbo vanopokana vakaiswa pasi pehutungamiriri, uye nhengo dzinotsvaga humwe hutongi hwezvimiro zvemukati dzakamanikidzwa kusabatana.
Muna 2007, semuenzaniso, zviuru zvevavezi veBritish Columbia vakakunda kurwira kwemakore gumi kuti vagadzire mubatanidzwa wakazvimirira unonzi Construction Maintenance and Allied Workers (CMAW), iyo yakatevera gwara rakafanana nerezviuru gumi nezvishanu-nhengo yeNational Union of Healthcare Workers (NUHW). Iyo yekupedzisira yakaumbwa muna 2009 mushure Stern yakabata kutonga pamusoro peSEIU yechitatu yakakura yakabatana, United Healthcare Workers-West, nokuti vatungamiri vakasarudzwa venhengo dzayo dze150,000 vakanga vasina mubvunzo nezvehutano hwake hwekuronga uye kugadzirisa mazano.
Kukanganisa Kwemunharaunda?
Vagadziri veSEIU kugadzirisazve, vanoombera zvikuru mukati Purple Simba, vaidavira kuti hukuru hukuru munhoroondo yebasa reUS hwakaruramiswa nekudiwa kwekubatana kwemukati seri kwemaitiro aidiwa naStern emaindasitiri makuru eSEIU. Vashoma vaityira kuti kutonga kwepamusoro-pasi, mukuwandisa mafomu, kwaizogona kukanganisa hurumende yeJustice for Janitors campaign inotungamirwa naLerner nevamwe.
In Purple Simba, Lerner anotsanangura kufarira kwake kwekutanga "kuumba vagari venzvimbo yakakura mukati menzvimbo dzakaratidza magadzirirwo eindasitiri ye[zvivakwa]" kuti anyatso kurongeka uye kutaurirana kunosanganisira vashandirwiwo zvavo. Asi mahofisi makuru eSEIU paakatora maitiro ekubatanidza aya akanyanya kureba - pamusoro pekupokana kwaLerner, iye zvino anoburitsa - mhedzisiro yaive masangano mazhinji seNew York City-based Local 32BJ, iyo parizvino ine nhengo zana nemakumi mashanu kubva kuBoston kuenda kuMiami.
Maererano naLerner, vakadaro "mega vemo” yakanga iri “chikanganiso chakabvisa mwoyo muJustice for Janitors,” nokuti vakabva vatanga kushanda “semasimba ematunhu, akanangana nokutaurirana nokuronga munharaunda [zvichidaro] vachikanganisa hurongwa hwakakura hweindasitiri yenyika.” Zvakatonyanya kuipa, SEIU ikozvino ine hofori inobatana "yekuti neimwe nzira girazi kuvaka-vatengesi venzvimbo mukuti vanowirirana neindasitiri uye vanopokana nepfungwa dzakaita sekudzora rendi nekuti indasitiri inopokana nazvo."
Lerner zvino anotadzira Stern nedzimwe nhengo dzedare repamusoro reSEIU nekutenda kuti "vanogona kuve nehukama hwakasiyana neindasitiri iyo isingachada hondo dzakasimba."
Isu [muJustice for Janitors] takatenda mukushandisa hwaro uye simba redu kuvaka kufamba kwevanhu vakawanda uye kukura kwakakura. Ivo [Vavengi vaLerner mukati meSEIU] vaitenda mukuwedzera kubudirira uye kutsvaga nzira dzekuratidza vashandirwi mubatanidzwa unogona kuve mudiwa akanaka. Yaiwanzonzi "peace plus." Zvinoreva kuti SEIU yaifanirwa kugonesa vashandirwi kuti kugadzirisana chete nemubatanidzwa kwakaunza "runyararo" - pasina kuramwa - asi kugadzirisana nemubatanidzwa kwairevawo kuti taizove shamwari yavo panyaya dzakaita senzvimbo, kutonga kwerendi, nezvimwe.
Kubatana kwevashandi-manejimendi kudyidzana uye kutengeserana kwezvematongerwo enyika kwave kwenguva refu kuri kuchengetedzeka modus operandi yemibatanidzwa yekuvaka, nemhedzisiro yakasanganiswa yakatsanangurwa naErlich. Zvinonyanya kushaikwa kubva mukupokana kwake kwehunyanzvi hwekubatana kwehunyanzvi muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri nerimwe nhaurirano yakawanda yekuti ndiani anogona kufambisa "kutengeserana" munzira iri nani.
The Painters Union inowana mhere-mhere yekusarudza mutungamiri wayo wekutanga weAfrica-America, Ken Rigmaiden. Asati aenda pamudyandigere nguva pfupi yadarika, Rigmaiden akatora danho rakajekeswa rekuti "isu tinofanirwa kutsigira nhengo dzedu dzazvino asiwo kutsigira vashandi vanoda kuita basa rimwe chete ratinoita - vanhu vemavara uye vashandi vachangosvika munyika ino." Sezvinongoita SEIU, muJustice for Janitors heyday, yakaumba mubatanidzwa nemasangano anorwira kodzero dzevanotamira kune dzimwe nyika, vamwe vanobatana nevezvivakwa vakabatana nemapoka enharaunda ari kurwisana nekutyorwa kwemitemo yemuhoro neawa, kusarongeka kwevashandi, njodzi dzekuchengetedza basa, uye kumwe kutyisidzira. isina magwaro.
Mune mamwe matunhu ebasa rakarongeka, shanduko yemasangano yemhando inofarirwa naErlich inoda chiitiko chenhengo, inofemerwa kana kutungamirwa nemafambisirwo ekuchinja anoshanda munharaunda kana yenyika. Haisi "yemukati kuronga" modhi iyo Erlich, Lerner, kana vamwe vanopa Purple Simba teerera zvikuru. Pane kudaro, vanodzikisira kana kufuratira kukosha kwehutongi hwejekerere mukubvisa hutungamiriri hwakadzika midzi uye kuita kuti mahofisi evashandi ave mota dzinoshanda dzekuronga kutsva, mishandirapamwe yekondirakiti inoshanda uye kuramwa mabasa, uye kutora chikamu kwenhengo mukurwa kwemutemo/kwezvematongerwo enyika.
Asi izvo, basa raLerner rinokurudzira mukuunganidza vachengeti vevatorwa harina kumutadzisa kuzobatsira mukupwanya network yaivepo yenhengo dzeSEIU muCalifornia, avo vaifarira shanduko sesarudzo dzakananga dzevakuru veSEIU nenhengo dzebhodhi. Mubairo waLerner weiyo 2008-09 United Healthcare Workers basa rekutungamira rakange rave kuzvicheneswa pasina nguva mushure, paakarasikirwa "nezvematongerwo enyika" nemutsivi waStern pamusoro pekuronga zano, kupatsanura kwenzira dzakanyatsotsanangurwa mu. Purple Power.
Zvichakadaro, Erlich akaramba akatsikitsira pasi munzvimbo yeMcCarron, mukuru mukuru wezvivakwa-zvivakwa haana kumbobvira ataurwa. Magadzirirwo Atinovaka. Erlich akakwanisa kusiya maCarpenters asina kana kunyara kuburitsa pamusuwo, kusiyana naLerner. Uye ivo vese vakasununguka kusimudzira "maitiro akanakisa" ekushanda mumabhuku, zvinyorwa, kubvunzurudza, kana basa rekupa mazano pamusasa. Asi chero zvirongwa zvekumutsiridza mubatanidzwa zvichibva pane zvichangobva kutaurwa zveSEIU kana kutengeserana kwezvivakwa hazvina kukosha zvakanyanya kana vashandi vasina simba rekuita sarudzo mukati memubatanidzwa uye nzira shoma dzekugadzirisa mashandiro esangano ravo.
Mishandirapamwe yevashandi yekuremekedza uye kururamisira pabasa ndizvo zvakakosha zvinofambira mberi. Asi vaizova nezvakawanda zvekuvaka kufamba kana kodzero dzegutsaruzhinji dzenhengo-ne-faira dzairemekedzwa zvakanyanya uye nekudzoreredzwa, pane kudzikiswa muzita rekuvandudza mubatanidzwa uye kubatanidzwa.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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