Zvatora Americavatungamiriri vane nguva refu yekudzidza zvidzidzo zvezvombo zvenyukireya. Mutungamiri Harry Truman, vakatora danho rekubhomba Hiroshima uye Nagasaki akadana bhomba reatomu โchinhu chikurusa munhau.โ Anenge makore 20 gare gare, neAmerica yakanga yarasikirwa nehurumende yayo yenyukireya, yakabatwa munhangemutange yezvombo yakanga ichikura neSoviet Union, uye yapukunyuka dambudziko raityisidzira hondo yenyukireya, Mutungamiri John F. Kennedy akarondedzera bhomba racho serakashandura nyika kuita mhirizhonga. mujeri umo munhu akamirira kuurayiwa kwake. Nekukurumidza mberi mamwe makumi maviri emakore, pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva kumasangano erunyararo, Mutungamiri Ronald Reagan vakabvumirana nemutungamiri weSoviet Mikhail Gorbachev kuti masimba makuru anofanira kubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya zvese.
Hazvisi zvese zvematongerwo enyika uye hukama hwevanhu. Kunyangwe vakaomesesa vevarwi vekare vanotonhora vatanga kutaura nezve kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya. Vanovaziva seimwe njodzi huru kune simba reAmerica nhasi. Muna Ndira 2007, vaimbova vanyori vehurumende George Shultz naHenry Kissinger, aimbova munyori wezvekudzivirirwa William Perry, uye aimbova sachigaro weSeneti Armed Services Committee Sam Nunn vakagamuchira "chinangwa chenyika isina zvombo zvenyukireya." Chiratidzo ichi chakatsigirwa muna 2008 nevaimbova vanyori vehurumende nedziviriro nevamwe, Republican neDemocrat, kusanganisira Madeleine Albright, James Baker, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Warren Christopher, Colin Powell naRobert McNamara. Asi, zvakare, hapana shanduko mumutemo.
apo AmericaVatungamiriri vatanga kunzwisisa kuti kutsvaga kuchengetedza nyukireya chinhu chinodhura uye chine njodzi chinozotora hupenyu hwacho, hachizivi magumo, uye chinounza njodzi itsva dzakakomba, kuzivikanwa uku kwakakunda kusati kwasvika. South Asia. Mumakore gumi kubvira muna May 1998 kuedza zvombo zvenyukireya by India uye Pakisitani, pfungwa dzenyukireya dzinoramba dzichiitika ipapo.
Hurumende dzese dzeIndia nePakistan dzakatengesa bvunzo dzenyukireya kune veruzhinji sekuvimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Hondo yeKargil yakatevera pasina gore mushure mebvunzo. Hondo yakaratidza kuti bhomba rakanga risingagoni kudzivirira India kubva pakurwiswa uye yakanga isiri vimbiso yekukunda kwe Pakisitani. Yakaratidza kuti nyika mbiri dzine zvombo zvenyukireya dzinogona kurwa uye kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro vatungamiriri venyika dzose dziri mbiri vachatyisidzira kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya. Zvaifanira kunge zvakakurumidza kuva pachena kuti bhomba rakanga risingadziviriri.
Asi Kargil akanga asina kukwana kudzidzisa kungwarira uye kuzvidzora. Kwapera makore maviri gare gare, India uye Pakisitani vakagadzirira kurwa zvakare. Mauto anofungidzirwa kuva hafu yemirioni akamhanyiswa kumuganhu, uye tyisidziro dzenyukireya dzakaitwa nokusiiwa.
Ndezvipi zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa? Hapana, kunze kwekuti vaifanira kugadzirira zviri nani kurwa hondo. Nyika mbiri idzi dzakaita mitambo mikuru yehondo yaifungidzira kushandiswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya.
India uye Pakisitani vachiri kugadzira plutonium uye uranium yakapfumiswa zvikuru zvinova zvinhu zvinokosha muzvombo zvenyukireya. Vagadziri vemitemo yenyukireya munyika mbiri idzi zviri pachena kuti havafungi kuti vane zvombo zvakakwana. Havana kumbotsanangura kuti maguta mangani avanotsvaka kukwanisa kuparadza.
Kwemakore gumi adarika nyika mbiri idzi dzanga dzichiitawo nhangemutange yezvombo zvenyukireya. Mimwe yebvunzo ndeye mushandisi miedzo uye maekisesaizi emumunda nemauto. Vari kudzidzira kurwisa hondo yenyukireya.
Kufanana nevezera ravo mune dzimwe nyika dzine zvombo zvenyukireya, vatungamiriri nevarongi vemauto mukati India uye Pakisitani vanoita sevasingapindiki kumigumisiro yerudzi rwehondo yavanoronga uye kugadzirira. Hondo umo India uye Pakisitani chimwe nechimwe chinoshandisa zvombo zvazvo zvenyukireya zvishanu chete pamaguta echimwe chinogona kuuraya mamiriyoni anoverengeka evanhu uye kukuvadza vakawanda.
Migumisiro yenyukireya inogona kuipa zvakanyanya kana India uye Pakisitani shandisa zvombo zvinenge makumi mashanu chimwe nechimwe. Mumwe nemumwe wavo aikwanisa kugadzira zvombo zvakawanda izvi nezvimwe zvakawanda. Ongororo dzichangobva kuitwa dzinoshandisa mienzaniso yemamiriro ekunze emazuva ano dzinoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwezvombo makumi mashanu imwe neimwe nenyika mbiri idzi kunogona kukanda utsi hwakakwana hunobva mumaguta ari kutsva kuti hutange kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, kusanganisira kuderera kunotyisa mukugadzirwa kwekurima uye nzara yakapararira iyo inogona kupedza makore gumi. Vakakuvara vangave vasingafungidziriki.
Nezuva rega rega rinopfuura, uye shanduko yese muhurumende inosarudza kuenderera mberi nemitemo iripo, zvombo zvenyukireya zvinova zvakadzika midzi muhurongwa. India uye Pakisitani. South Asia iri kuona kukunda kwe "exterminism," iyo system inotsanangurwa zvine mukurumbira nemunyori wenhoroondo weChirungu uye murwiri werunyararo E.P. Thompson sechinosanganisira "zvombo zve[nyukireya], uye hurongwa hwese hwehupfumi, hwesainzi, hwezvematongerwo enyika uye hwepfungwa kune iyo zvombo-system - iyo magariro inoiongorora, 'inosarudza', inoigadzira, inoigadzirisa, inopembedza. iyo, uye anoichengeta iripo.โ
Nhoroondo yemakore 60 apfuura inodzidzisa kuti kutsvaga kugona kwenyukireya kunokunda zvose kufunga uye tsika. Makore gumi apfuura enyukireya South Asia inoratidza kuti ramangwana richange risina kujeka.
Zia Mian, a Foreign Policy In Focus (www.fpif.org) munyori, anotungamira Chirongwa cheRunyararo uye Chengetedzo muSouth Asia paChirongwa cheScience uye Global Security, paPrinceton University's Woodrow Wilson School for Public and International Affairs.
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