CHIKAMU I
Iwo maitiro akajairwa: avo vari pamusoro pemanera ehupfumi vanonakidzwa nepurofiti yakakura vachitarisira kuti vashandi vape zvakatowanda kune "zvakanaka kwazvo."
Iyi rondedzero yenyaya inozviruka pachayo mune zvese zvinokonzeresa zveanopokana nevashandi marongero. Kubva kuWashington kungangoita Grand Bargain iyo yaizocheka matiririyoni kubva kuzvirongwa zvemagariro anodiwa, kuenda kunzvimbo dzebasa nemuhoro wavo unoramba uripo uye kuderera kwemabhenefiti, avo vari pamusoro vanoteterera hurombo kuvashandi vachitutira homwe dzavo zvisingaite.
Nharo iyi iri kudzokororwa zvakare nemakambani makuru emarudzi akawanda anodzora zviteshi zvengarava zvenyika.
Neraki, vashandi vemahombekombe akarongwa kuita mibatanidzwa ine simba inokwanisa kurwisa makaro ebhizinesi hombe - chimwe chinhu chakaratidzwa munguva pfupi yapfuura pakuramwa kwechiteshi muLos Angeles neLong Beach, uye izvo zviri kuitika munhaurirano dzemubatanidzwa dziri kuitika pazviteshi. pamwe neEast Coast uye kuzviteshi zveNorthwest.
Kukunda muSouthern California
Kukunda kunokatyamadza kwakaitwa muLos Angeles mwedzi wapera nekuda kwekuramwa mabasa kwemazuva masere kwakaitwa nenhengo mazana masere dzeHofisi Clerical Unit yeInternational Longshore uye Warehouse Union (ILWU) Local 800.
Kwemakore maviri vashandi vakanga vasina kondirakiti somugumisiro wokumira neHarbour Employer Association. Nyaya huru yaive patafura yaive yekuchengetedzwa kwemabasa: vashandirwi vaihaya mamwe vatariri vasiri vemasangano kuburikidza nekutapudza, kuendesa kunze kune mamwe makondirakiti asiri emubatanidzwa kumwe kuUS nekumhiri kwemakungwa, uye kutsvaga nzira dzekuti vashandi vashoma vaite basa rakawanda. Nhengo dzeILWU Local 63 dzaida kumisa izvi kwete chete kuchengetedza mabasa avo, asi kuti mabasa aya awanikwe kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Mushure memakore maviri pamusangano wehurukuro, zvakava pachena kuti Harbour Employer Association yakanga isingadi kuenderera mberi nenyaya dzemubatanidzwa. Nhengo yacho yakasara isina imwe sarudzo kunze kwekurova. Uye yaive Longshore kubatana kwakakunda zuva.
Zviuru gumi zvevashandi vezvikepe zvakaramba kuyambuka mutsara wepikicha weLocal 63, zvichisiya gumi pazviteshi gumi nemana paLos Angeles neLong Beach zvakamira uye $10 miriyoni pazuva rekutengesa zvisina kubatwa.
Kuramwa mabasa kwayakaita kwaidiwa; kamwe kamwe, Harbour Employer Association yakawana kuti vakakwanisa kuita zvakawanda pamusoro pezvaidiwa nemubatanidzwa mumazuva mashomanene kupfuura zvavaiva nazvo kwemakore maviri akanga apfuura.
Mushure memazuva masere vachiramwa mabasa, chibvumirano chenguva pfupi chakaitwa uye chakazosimbiswa nevhoti yenhengo. Kuedza kweHarbour Employer Association kuendesa kunze, nemubhadharo webasa remangwana rekushanda, kwakarova chipingamupinyi chisingazungunuke, zvichikonzera kukunda kunoratidza kuti kutora danho rekubatana kuvhara kugadzirwa kunogona kukunda sei.
Kubudirira kuEast Coast
PaEast Coast, imwe mubatanidzwa weLongshore yakasiyana yakatarisana nematambudziko ayo. Sangano reInternational Longshoremen's Association (ILA) rinomiririra 15,000 union dockworkers pa14 ports kubva kuMaine kuenda kuTexas. Zviteshi izvi zvinotakura makumi mana muzana ezvese zvinotakura zvinhu zveUS. Iyo ILA iri munhaurirano neUnited States Maritime Alliance Ltd. (USMX), mubatanidzwa wevatakuri vemidziyo, vashandirwi vakananga, uye vanobatana navo pachiteshi.
Pave nemakore makumi matatu nemashanu kubva ILA yatanga kuramwa mabasa. Uye pakupera kwaDecember, zvaiita senge kuti kutambanudzwa uku kwapera. Zvita 35 ndiro raive zuva rekupedzisira renhaurirano dzekondirakiti dzakawedzerwa uye nhengo yakanga yagadzirira kutora zviratidzo zvavo zvepikicha.
Pfungwa huru yekupokana yaive mari yemidziyo, muripo wemakumi emakore emadhora mazana mana nemakumi masere nemashanu patani yemidziyo yakabhadharwa kunhengo yeILA. Iyi imari yakawanda yemari iyo vashandi vanotora. USMX yakasimbirira kudzorera chivharo pamari iyi iyo ILA yakabudirira kurwisana kubvisa muchibvumirano chemakore maviri ekupedzisira.
Mune e-mail mutauri weILA akataura zvinotevera:
"Takabvumira USMX kumisa $42 miriyoni yemari yemidziyo yekubatsira kubhadhara $ 1.00 paawa imwe yekuwedzera yaifanirwa nevashandi vekumahombekombe - isu, chaizvoizvo, takabhadhara isu pachedu - uye ikozvino USMX inoda kuti CAP idzoke. Vakawana rubatsiro. uye zvino vanoda kuti tidzokere kumashure."
Musi waZvita 28, Mutungamiri weILA Harold J. Daggett vakatumira chiziviso kuruzhinji vachiti:
"Ndiri kufara kuzivisa kuti ILA yakaita zvikomborero zvikuru panyaya yeContainer Royalty iyo ichadzivirira nhengo dzedu dzeILA. Nokudaro, takabvumirana kuwedzera ILA Master Contract nemazuva 30, kupfuura zuva rekupedzisira raDecember 29th (nekuda kwekupera kwegore. zororo, zuva rekupedzisira rekuwedzera kutsva richave Kukadzi 6, 2013).
Izvo zvakawanikwa zvikuru izvi zvinoramba zvisina kujeka, uye George Cohen, director weFederal Mediation and Conciliation Service ari kuda kuti mapato ese achengetedze miromo yawo pari zvino. Nekuda kweizvozvo, hapana kutaurira kuti mavhiki mashoma anotevera enhaurirano achafamba sei.
Iyo nhengo yeILA haina chikonzero chekumira pasi kubva pakugadzirira kwekuramwa. Iyo nguva yesarudzo ichauya kana nhengo iine chibvumirano chekuedza mumaoko avo uye iine mukana wekuverenga iyo yakadhindwa, pamwe chete kukurukura uye kuvhota.
Chokwadi chete ndechekuti ivo vanogona kuwana kondirakiti yakanaka uye vadzivise kurova kana vakagadzirira kuenda pakuramwa kunodzipa purofiti yeUSMX.
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Longshore Struggle Brews Pamahombe maviri ese: Dambudziko kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero
CHIKAMU II
Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, kumateshi eRwizi Columbia, Puget Sound, uye Portland, Oregon, nhengo dzeInternational Longshore neWarehouse Union (ILWU) dziri kuzvidzivirira kuNorthwest Grain Handlers Association (NWGHA). Iko kunetsana kunosanganisira vangangoita zviuru zvitatu zvevashandi pazviteshi zvinobata chikamu chimwe muzvina chezviyo zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.
NWGHA iri kuda kuti vanhu vapihwe magwaro akareba ezvibvumirano zviri kutyora chibvumirano chePacific Maritime Association icho chinofanirwa kubhadhara vashandi vekuWest Coast Longshore. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuwedzera mashifiti kusvika kumaawa gumi nemaviri pasina muripo wenguva yakawedzerwa uye kuhaya nhengo dzemubatanidzwa shoma kuti dziburitse ngarava.
Zvichida zvakatonyanya kuipa, mukati mechibvumirano chemakore mashanu, vashandirwi vachave vakasununguka kuhaya zvikwambo uye kukanda kondirakiti kana paine matanho matatu ebasa kana kana faindi yemadhora zviuru gumi nemazana mashanu paawa isingabhadharwe mukati memazuva gumi nemashanu yekumisa basa. Yakanga iri mubatanidzwa wakananga zviito nevashandi veLongshore vakagadzira mubatanidzwa. Iyo NWGHA haidi zvimwe zvayo.
Ko NWGHA ingatiza sei nemazano akadai? Nehurombo, muenzaniso wakangotangwa wezvibvumirano izvi pachiteshi cheLongview, Washington.
Iyi yanga iri nzvimbo yekurwa kwenguva refu, kunorwadza nevanotengesa zviyo kunze kwenyika vakaungana mukati meExport Grain Terminal (EGT) avo vaiti vaive vasingasungirwe kuita chiteshi chitsva nenhengo dzeILWU. Kwemakumi emakore ILWU yakashanda kuWest Coast docks. EGT yanga ichiedza kuputsa simba reILWU.
ILWU Yenharaunda 21 yakasimudza kurwa kwechiuto kwakakwezva rutsigiro rwakakura kubva munharaunda yeLongview nemamwe masangano nemapoka evaratidziri kumusoro nekudzika kwemahombekombe, kusanganisira nhamba huru kubva kusangano reOccupy. Mabhazi akazara evatsigiri anga akagadzirira kuratidza kubatana kwavo uye kunangana nechikepe cheCoast Guard chaiperekedzwa negwenga.
Zvakadaro, hutungamiri hweILWU hwakanzwa huchimanikidzwa kuzvibvisa pane izvi nekutya mitemo inopikisa vashandi inogona kuwira pasi zvakanyanya kusangano iri kana pakaita kunetsana kwakadai. Vakanga vari pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru kuti vauye kuchibvumirano chekuedza chiitiko chakadaro chisati chaitika, nepo EGT yaive yakatsunga kurova mubatanidzwa.
Pakupedzisira, kuzivikanwa kwemubatanidzwa pachiteshi cheLongview kwakahwinwa chikepe chescab chisati chasvika. Nekudaro, kondirakiti yakaputswa kubva muchibvumirano chePacific Maritime Association uye dzimwe nhengo dzakazviona seyakaipisisa. Iye zvino makambani ezviyo ari kuyedza kumanikidza kubvumidzwa kweLongview kune mamwe madoko zvakare.
Unfair Stand Off
Muhondo yazvino kuramwa mabasa uye kuvharirwa kunze kwemushandi kwakadziviswa parizvino. Nehurombo, vashandi veLongshore vari pabasa pasi peNWGHA "yekupedzisira, yakanakisa, uye yekupedzisira" iyo 94 muzana yenhengo yemubatanidzwa yakavhota pasi.
Vashandirwi havasati vapindura zvikumbiro zveILWU kuti varambe vachitaurirana. Panguva ino, zano rehutungamiri hwemubatanidzwa rinotsamira pakuwana mutongo wakanaka kubva kuNational Labor Relations Board (NLRB). Vachamhan'ara zvisizvo zvevashandi vachipomera varidzi vekupedzisira kutaurirana mukutenda kwakashata uye nekumanikidza mazwi matsva pavari nhaurirano dzekondirakiti dzisati dzatadza.
Pane njodzi huru nekuvimba nenzira iyi. Kunyangwe nenyaya yakanyatsogadzirirwa, kuedza kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwevashandi kuburikidza neNLRB kunogara kuri crapshoot. Semuyenzaniso, iyo ILWU ichangobva kubatwa nenhamba yesarudzo dzeNLRB dzakavapikisa. Pamusoro pezvo, mavhiri eNLRB anotendeuka zvine mbiri zvishoma nezvishoma, izvo zvese zvakaoma kutakura uye zvine njodzi kune vashandi vanomanikidzwa kushanda pasi pe-sub-standard contract.
Mutemo wevashandi pamwe nehurongwa hwehurumende hwawo hwakaiswa kuti huve nekunetsekana kwevashandi pakupedzisira kuitira kubatsira vanamuzvinabhizinesi vakuru. Kunyange zvichidikanwa kuti vemubatanidzwa vashandise sezvo iyi kodhi yemutemo ichipa mimwe miganho pakushungurudzwa kwemakambani, havagone kuvimba nayo. Kana iyi setup ichidzivirira vashandi kubva kuhondo kuti vahwine, zvinodikanwa kuti uzviporese zvakadaro zvichibvira.
Semuyenzaniso, NWGHA parizvino iri kubhadharira zvikwambo kuti zvirambe zviripo uye zvigadzirire kutora mabasa zvachose kana pakaitika kuramwa mabasa. Pasi pemutemo wevashandi weUS izvi zviri pamutemo. Zvakadaro, kana mapikicha akawanda akarongwa kudzivirira zvikwambo kuti zvisayambuka mitsetse yepikicha uye kusvika kunzvimbo dzebasa, kodzero yevashandirwi yekushandisa makwapa haina pamutemo. Matare anogara achiedza kudzikamisa huwandu hwemapikicha nemirairo kuitira kuti zvikwambo zvipinde nyore panzvimbo yebasa.
Asi, mirau yedare yakadai haina kukodzera bepa rayakadhindwa kana paine yakakwana yevashandi/rutsigiro rwenharaunda kuti vabude nekuvaka mitsetse yepikicha isingayambukwe.
Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakaziviswa kuti kune kupatsanurwa muNWGHA. Temco, mubatanidzwa pakati peagribusiness hofori yeCargill Inc. neCHS Inc., iri kuenderera mberi nekushandisa vashandi veTacoma Longshore maererano nekondirakiti yavo yekupedzisira pane kumanikidzira kuvhoterwa pasi kwechibvumirano "chekupedzisira, chekupedzisira, uye chekupedzisira." Nhaurirano dzakaparadzana dzinoita sedzagadzirira kutanga. Dai pasina kukwanisa kweILWU kuvhara zviteshi uye ruremekedzo rukuru rwavanarwo pakati pevanhu vanoshanda kuNorthwest, izvi zvingadai zvisina kuitika.
Inonetsa Mitemo Inorwisa Mushandi
Kutyisidzira kuri kuuya kuchisarudzo chakanaka chevashandi veLongshore mukana weMutungamiri Obama kuisa hurongwa hwekudzokera kubasa pasi pekondirakiti yekare panyaya yekumisa basa. Iyi nhanho yaizodzikisira mukana wekubatana kwemubatanidzwa sezvo purofiti yekambani yaizoramba ichikwira, kana vashandi vakasarudza kuiteerera.
Mutungamiri Bush vakapa murairo wakadaro muna 2002 apo Pacific Maritime Association (PMA) yakavharira kunze ILWU Local 10 muSan Francisco mukufamba kwaiitirwa kumutsa kupindira kwemubatanidzwa. Nekudzosa nhengo kuti ishande pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, PMA yaive yakasununguka kushandisa chero mutemo unopesana nevashandi mumabhuku mukuyedza kutyisidzira mubatanidzwa.
Kupindira kwakadaro kwemubatanidzwa mumakakatanwa evashandi kunotenderwa pasi pemutemo weTaft-Harley wa1948, wakagadzira "Slave Labor Act" nevamiriri vemubatanidzwa panguva iyoyo. Chiitiko ichi chakarambidza nzira dzakawanda dzeCongress of Industrial Organisations (mubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa wemaindasitiri akasiyana nemasangano evashandi) akabudirira kushandiswa muma1930, sekubatana kana kuramwa kwezvematongerwo enyika, kurova kwechipiri (kuita kweindasitiri nemubatanidzwa uchipokana nekambani nechikonzero. kuti inoita bhizinesi neimwe kambani iri mugakava revashandi), kunhonga vanhu vakawanda zvichingodaro.
Yakabvumirawo nyika kudzika "mitemo yekodzero yekushanda" iyo yakarambidza zvitoro zvemubatanidzwa zvakavharwa uko vashandi vese vanofanirwa kupinda mumubatanidzwa kuitira kuchengetedza basa.
Taft-Hartley mumwe chete wemitemo yakaipa kwazvo muwebhu yepamutemo inoitirwa kukanganisa kushanda kwevashandi kuvandudza hupenyu hwavo kuitira kuti makambani awane purofiti yakawanda kubva mazviri. Kukunda kwekurova kweILWU muLA neLong Beach kwakakwanisa kunzvenga misungo iyi uye kuvhara madoko. Iyo ILA kuEast Coast iri kutaurirana nekutyisidzira kweTaft-Hartley yakarembera pamusoro pemisoro yavo. Maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero ILWU Nzvimbo dziri kurohwa kakawanda nemitemo inopesana nevashandi iyo inosunga zvakasimba kukwanisa kwavo kurwira chibvumirano chakanaka.
Mitemo iyi inofanirwa kushorwa kana ichitadzisa Labour kukunda. Nekudaro, kugona kuzviita hakugone kuitwa nguva dzose neILA neILWU chete. Masangano aya anotofanira kuenda kune mamwe masangano pamwe nevemunharaunda kuti awane rutsigiro achitsanangura kuti magumo ekurwa kwavo achabata vanhu vese vanoshanda. Apo mubatanidzwa unokurukura chibvumirano chakashata, vamwe vashandirwi vanonongedzera kwachiri senzira yokupwisa vashandi vavo vamene kukarira zvishoma. Ukuwo, apo vashandi vanotaurirana chibvumirano chakanaka, vamwe vashandi vanokurudzirwa nekubudirira kwavo uye vanoedza kuitevedzera.
Nekusvika kune vese vanoshanda, mubatanidzwa weLongshore unogona kutanga kugadzira bato iro, kana rakakura zvakakwana, richava nesimba rekuramba zvisungo zvedare pasina kutambura chero zvirango. Simba richange riri mumaoko avo.
Mark Vorpahl mutariri wemubatanidzwa, muratidziri wezvemagariro evanhu uye munyori we Workers Action naizvozvowo Occupy.com. Anogona kusvika pane [email inodzivirirwa].
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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