Ichokwadi kuva chitubu chine ropa muUkraine. Hondo yeRussia yechando wakabva wapera yezvinangwa zvaVladimir Putin, zvichisiya kusahadzika kushoma kuti bhandi rekutakura rezvombo rekuMadokero rakabatsira kudzivirira kweUkraine. Nhaurirano dzekumisa-moto hadzina kumbobvira dzatanga, nepo NATO yakangosimbisa mauto ayo nekuda kweiyo nhengo itsva yeFinland (neSweden ingangozotevera). Kunyange zvakadaro, makumi ezviuru zvevanhu akaparara; misha yose, kunyange maguta, akaderedzwa kuva marara; mamiriyoni eUkraine ane akadirwa muPoland nokumwewo; nepo kurwisa kwehutsinye kweRussia kuchienderera mberi pasina magumo.
Tariro, sekureva kweMutungamiriri weUkraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, ndeyekuti vanobatana vekuMadokero vacharamba vachipa mari, matangi, zvombo zvinokandwa, uye nezvimwe zvese izvo nyika yake yakarohwa inoda kudzivirira mauto aPutin. Hondo ichahwinwa, sekureva kwaZelensky, kwete kuburikidza nekukanganisika kwemukati asi munhandare yehondo nepfuti uye ammo.
"Ndinokumbira iwe nenyika nemazwi akareruka uye asi akakosha," akadaro akati kumusangano wakabatanidzwa weparamende yeGreat Britain muna Kukadzi. "Kurwisa ndege yeUkraine, mapapiro erusununguko."
IUnited Kingdom, iyo yakashanda zvakanaka $ 2 bhiriyoni mukubatsira kuUkraine, kusvika parizvino yaramba kutumira ndege dzehondo ikoko asi yakavimbisa kupa zvimwe zvombo, kusanganisira mabhomba ematangi akagadzirwa neuranium yakapera (DU), inozivikanwawo se“radioactive mabara.” A-by-chigadzirwa chekupfumisa uranium, DU isimbi yakaomesesa uye ine radioactive iyo, kana yaiswa mudiki torpedo-senge munitions, inogona kubaya matangi akashonga ezvombo uye dzimwe mota.
Achipindura chiziviso cheBritish, Putin akati achaita "pindura zvinoenderana” kana maUkraine akatanga kuputika kutenderera kweDU.
Kunyange danho reUK rekutumira mabhomba euranium akapera kuUkraine haafanire kuratidza shanduko mumhedzisiro yehondo, ichave nekusingaperi, inogona kuparadza, kukanganisa kuvarwi, vagari, uye nharaunda. Iko kukakavara kuendeswa kweDU hakukonzeri njodzi dzakafanana nedzezvombo zvenyukireya Putin nevamwe vake. vakaratidza vangangoshandisa rimwe zuva muUkraine kana sezvingangoita kunyungudika kwakaitika Zaporizhzhia nyukireya nzvimbo munyika iyoyo. Zvakadaro, kushandiswa kwayo kuchabatsira kuumba inotonyanya kuuraya, zvese chaizvo radioactive theatre yehondo - uye Ukraine inozopedzisira yabhadhara mutengo wayo.
Shumba dzeRadioactive dzeBabironi
Stuart Dyson akapona kutumirwa kwake muhondo yekutanga yeGulf ye1991, kwaakashanda semupfuri neRoyal Pioneer Corps yeBritain. Basa rake muKuwait rakanga riri nyore zvakakwana: aifanira kubatsira kuchenesa matangi "akasviba" mushure mekunge vaona hondo. Michina mizhinji yaakapedza maawa achikwesha pasi yakanga yatakura nekudzinga mabhomba euranium akanga apera aishandiswa kupinda nekudzima matangi eIraq T-72, anozivikanwa se Shumba dzeBhabhironi.
Dyson akapedza mwedzi mishanu ari munzvimbo iyoyo yehondo, achiona kuti matangi eAmerica neBritain acheneswa, ane zvombo, uye akagadzirira kurwa. Apo hondo yakapera, akadzokera kumusha, achikarira kuisa nguva yake muHondo yeGulf shure kwake. Akawana basa rakanaka, akaroora, uye akava nevana. Zvakadaro hutano hwake hwakadzikira nekukurumidza uye akasvika pakutenda kuti basa rake rechiuto ndiro raive rakonzeresa. Kufanana nevamwe vazhinji vakamboshanda muhondo iyoyo, Dyson akatambura nechirwere chisinganzwisisike uye chinopedza simba icho chakasvika pakuzivikanwa seGulf War Syndrome.
Pashure pokunge Dyson atambura makore ezvirwere zvakasiyana, kubvira pakutemwa nomusoro kusvika padzungu uye kudedera kwetsandanyama, vanachiremba vakawana kuti akanga ane chirwere chakakomba chegomarara remuura, iro rakakurumidza kupararira kuchiropa chake nechiropa. Kufanotaura kwacho kwakanga kusina kujeka uye, mushure mehondo pfupi, muviri wake wakaguma. Stuart Dyson vakafa muna 2008 pazera re39.
Saga rake rakasiyana, kwete nekuti ndiye ega murwi weGulf War wekutanga kufa negomarara akadaro achiri mudiki, asi nekuti cancer yake yakazotevera. kuzivikanwa mudare redzimhosva sekunge kwakakonzerwa nekusangana neuranium yapera. Mukutonga kwa2009 kwakakosha, majurors kuSmethwick Council House kuUK akawana kuti gomarara raDyson raive rakonzerwa neDU kuungana mumuviri wake, uye kunyanya nhengo dzake dzemukati.
"Manzwiro angu pamusoro pekenza yaVaDyson's colon ndeyekuti yakabudiswa nokuti akapinza mamwe mazamu e-radioactive uye akabatwa mumatumbo ake," Purofesa Christopher Busby, nyanzvi yemigumisiro yeuranium pahutano, akadaro muuchapupu hwake hwedare. “Mupfungwa dzangu, zvinoita sekunge kune museve unokonzeresa kubva pakusangana kwake nehurwere hwake hwekupedzisira. Chokwadi zvinogoneka kupfuura kuti kenza yaVaDyson yakakonzerwa nekuratidzwa kweuranium yakapera. "
U.S. Department of Defense inofungidzira kuti mauto eAmerica akapfura anopfuura 860,000 kutenderera kweDU shells panguva iyoyo yehondo ya1991 yekusundidzira mauto eIraq Saddam Hussein kubva muKuwait. Mhedzisiro yacho: nhandare yehondo ine chepfu yakazadzwa nemarara ane mwaranzi, pamwe chete nemishonga ine chepfu yetsinga nemamwe makemikari.
Kumaodzanyemba kweIraq kwakavakidzana, mwaranzi yakatevera pashure pehondo iyoyo yakakwira kusvika ku30 nguva dzose. Matangi akaedzwa mushure mekuvharwa neDU kutenderera aive nekuverenga makumi mashanu akakwira kupfuura avhareji.
"Kunopisa nekusingaperi," anotsanangura kudaro Doug Rokke, aimbove mukuru muUS Army Reserve's Medical Service Corps uyo akabatsira kubvisa mota zhinji dzakarohwa neDU muhondo yekutanga yeGulf. “Hazviende. Inongopararira ichivhuvhuta nemhepo,” anowedzera kudaro. Uye zvechokwadi, anga asiri masoja chete aitambura neDU kuratidzwa. MuIraq, umboo kwave kuvaka kuti DU, yakanyanya carcinogenic agent, yakonzera kuwedzera kwegomarara revanhu, zvakare.
“Apo takanga tichifambira mberi ndokusvika kuchamhembe kwenzvimbo inocherwa zvimbambaira, pakanga pane boka rematangi akaputika akanga ari pedyo nekwataizogadza chigaro chekuraira,” anodaro Jason Peterson, aichimbova Marine wokuAmerica uyo akabatira muGulf War yokutanga. . "Vafambisi vengarava vaikwira mukati uye 'kutamba' mavari ... Isu taisaziva kwaive neKuwait, tisingaregi rudzi rwepfuti dzakashandiswa kufuridza tsvina padanho iroro."
Kunyange zvazvo zvakaoma kuziva chaizvo zvakakonzera Gulf War Syndrome kubva kwaDyson nemamwe varwi vakawanda vakatambura (uye vanoramba vachitambura), nyanzvi dzakadai saRokke dzine chokwadi chokuti kuratidzwa kweuranium yakapera yakaita basa guru muchirwere. Uku ndiko kutaura kwehurumende dzekuMadokero dzakaramba dzichidzikisira. Muchokwadi, iyo Pentagon yakadzokororwa akaramba chero chinongedzo pakati vaviri.
"Ndiri murwi, uye varwi vanoda kuzadzisa chinangwa chavo," Rokke, uyo anorwarawo neGulf War Syndrome, Akaudzwa Vanity Fair muna 2007. “Ndakapinda mune izvi ndichida kuti zvishande, kuronga mashandisiro eDU zvakachengeteka, uye kuratidza mamwe masoja maitirwo acho uye magadzirirwo ayo. Iyi yanga isiri sainzi kubva mubhuku, asi sainzi yakaitwa nekufuridzira tsvina kubva mumatangi nekuona zvinoitika. Uye pataiita basa iri, zvishoma nezvishoma ndakazviona kuti takanga taparara. Iwe haugone kuita izvi zvakachengeteka mumamiriro ekurwa. Iwe haugone kusvibisa nharaunda kana mauto ako. "
Kufa kuUranium
Uranium yakapera haigone kuburitsa kuputika kwenyukireya, asi ichiri kuenderana nekugadzirwa kwezvombo zveatomu. Icho chiri-chigadzirwa chekugadzirisa uranium inoshandiswa muzvombo zvenyukireya uye mafuta. DU inokwezva vagadziri vezvombo nekuti inorema kupfuura mutobvu, zvinoreva kuti, kana ikapfurwa nekumhanya kwakakwira, inogona kubvarura mukati mekukora kwesimbi.
Kuti iradioactive haisi iyo inoita kuti ive yakakosha munhandare yehondo, zvirinani zvichienderana nevatsigiri vayo. "Yakanyanya kukora uye ine simba rakawanda zvekuti inoramba ichipfuura nepakati pezvombo - uye inoipisa zvekuti inobatira moto," inodaro RAND nyanzvi yenyukireya uye muongorori wezvemitemo Edward Geist.
Kugadzirwa kweDU kunotangira kuma1970 muUnited States. Nhasi, mauto eAmerica anoshandisa DU kutenderera mumatangi ayo eM1A2 Abrams. Russia yakashandisawo DU mumabhomba ayo anoputika-tangi kubvira 1982 uye kune akawanda zvinopomerwa, kunyange hazvo pasina humbowo hwakaoma, hwekuti Russia yakatoendesa mabhomba akadaro muUkraine. Nekufamba kwemakore, kune chikamu chayo, iyo US yakadzinga makwikwi akadaro kwete muKuwait chete, asiwo muBosnia, Iraq, Kosovo, Syria, neSerbia zvakare.
Vese Russia neUS vane zvikonzero zvekushandisa DU, sezvo imwe neimwe iine mirwi yezvinhu yakagara pasina pekuiisa. Makumi emakore ekugadzira zvombo zvenyukireya akaita gomo remarara ane mwaranzi. MuU.S., zvinopfuura 500,000 matani yemarara euranium yakapera kubva pakatanga Manhattan Project kugadzira zvombo zveatomu, zvizhinji zvacho muHanford, Washington, iyo nzvimbo huru yekugadzira plutonium yenyika. Sezvandaiongorora mubhuku rangu Atomic Mazuva: Iyo Isingaverengeki Nyaya Yenzvimbo Yakanyanya Hupfu muAmerica, Hanford ikozvino yave cesspool yeradioactive uye makemikari tsvina, inomiririra iyo inodhura zvakanyanya kuchenesa nharaunda purojekiti munhoroondo ine inofungidzirwa mutengo tag ye677 bhiriyoni.
Uranium, hongu, ndiyo inoita kuti bhizinesi rese rishande: haugone kugadzira mabhomba eatomu kana simba renyukireya pasina iyo. Dambudziko nderekuti uranium pachayo ine radioactive, sezvo ichiburitsa alpha particles uye gamma rays. Izvi zvinoita kuti kuchera uranium kuve imwe yemabasa ane njodzi zvakanyanya pasirese.
Zvichengete Muvhu
MuNew Mexico, uko migodhi yeuranium yainyanya kushandiswa naDiné (Vanhu veNavajo), kukanganisa kwehutano hwavo kwakaratidza kutyisa zvechokwadi. Maererano a 2000 kudzidza mu Nyaya yeOccupational uye Environmental Medicine, mwero wekenza yemapapu muvarume veNavajo vaichera uranium yaive yakakwira zvakapetwa ka28 pane avo vasina kumbochera uranium. "Chiitiko cheNavajo pamugodhi weuranium," yakawedzera, "muenzaniso wakasarudzika wekuratidzwa mune rimwe basa rinoverengera huwandu hwekenza yemapapu muhuwandu hwese."
Zvizhinji zvezvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuwirirana kwakananga pakati pekuratidzwa kune uranium uye cheitsvo, birth defects muvacheche (apo vanaamai vakaonekwa), kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe yepahuro chirwere, uye akati wandei autoimmune zvirwere. Rondedzero yacho yose yakakura uye inotyisa.
“Mhuri yangu yakanga ine kenza yakawanda,” anoti anti-nuclear activist uye Indigenous munharaunda murongi Leona Morgan. “Mbuya vangu vakafa nechirwere chegomarara remapapu uye havana kumboputa fodya. Yaifanira kunge iri uranium."
Imwe yetsaona hurusa dzemwaranzi, uye zvamazvirokwazvo isinganyanyi kushumwa, yakaitika muna 1979 panyika yeDiné apo dhamu rakaputsika, richifashamira Rwizi rwePuerco pedyo neChurch Rock, New Mexico, pamwe chete. 94 miriyoni magaroni emarara eradioactive. Chiitiko chacho hachina kumboonekwa panguva iyoyo. “Mvura, yakazadzwa nemaasidhi emuchigayo, yakamonyorora mugero wesimbi muPuerco ndokupisa tsoka dzekakomana kaifamba-famba. Makwai akarara ndokufa, asi zvirimwa zvakawira mumahombekombe. Kuwedzera kwemwaranzi kwakaonekwa kure seSanders, Arizona, mamaira makumi mashanu zasi kwerwizi,” anonyora kudaro Judy Pasternak mubhuku rake. Tsvina Yero: Nyika Ine Chepfu uye Kutengeswa kwevaNavajo.
Ehe, isu takaziva nezve njodzi yeuranium kwemakumi emakore, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanyanya pfungwa dzinoshamisa kuona kusundidzirwa patsva kwekuwedzera kucherwa kweiyo radioactive ore kugadzira simba renyukireya. Nzira chete yekuona kuti uranium haina chepfu kana kuuraya chero munhu ndeyekuisiya payagara iri: muvhu. Zvinosuruvarisa, kunyange dai waizodaro ikozvino, pangadai pachine matani euranium yakapera pasina kwekuenda. A 2016 fungidziro isa gomo repasi rose reDU tsvina pamatani anopfuura miriyoni imwe (imwe neimwe yakaenzana ne2,000 pounds).
Saka sei isina kupera uranium yakarambidzwa? Ndiwo mubvunzo antinuclear activists vanga vachibvunza kwemakore. Zvinowanzo sangana nezvinotaurwa nehurumende kuti DU haina pese pakaipa sezviri kutaurwa nevatsoropodzi vayo peacenik. Muchokwadi, hurumende yeUS yakave nenguva yakaoma kunyange kubvuma kuti Gulf War Syndrome iripo. Hofisi yeHurumende Inozvidavirira ripoti yakabudiswa muna 2017 yakaona kuti Veterans Affairs Department yakanga yaramba zvinopfuura makumi masere muzana ezvese zvechirwere cheGulf War zvaipomerwa nevarwi vehondo. Kuderedza basa reDU, nemamwe mazwi, kunouya nenzvimbo.
"Kushandiswa kweDU muzvombo kunofanira kurambidzwa," anodaro Ray Acheson, murongi we Mushandirapamwe Wenyika Dzepasi Pose Kupedza Nuclear Weapons uye munyori we Kurambidza Bhomba, Kupwanya Patriarchy. "Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe hurumende dzichipokana kuti hapana humbowo hunoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwezvombo kunokonzera kukuvadza, zviri pachena kubva mukuferefeta kwakawanda kuti kushandiswa kwayo mumauto eIraq nedzimwe nzvimbo kwakakonzera hutano hwevagari vemo pamwe nevashandi vemauto vakaiswa pachena. uye kuti yakakonzera kukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwenguva refu, kusanganisira kusvibiswa kwemvura yepasi. Kushandiswa kwayo muzvombo kuri kutyora mutemo wepasi rose, kodzero dzevanhu, uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye kunofanira kurambidzwa kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti haichashandiswa zvakare. "
Kana iyo grisly nhaka yekushandiswa kweAmerica kweuranium yakapera ichitiudza chero chinhu, ndezvekuti iwo DU magomba maBritish ari kuendesa kuUkraine (uye ayo maRussia angangove ari kushandisa ipapo) achange aine radioactive mhedzisiro ichagara munyika iyoyo. makore anotevera, nemigumisiro inopedza simba, inogona kuuraya. Ichava, neimwe nzira, chikamu chehondo yeatomu yenyika yose isingaratidzi chiratidzo chokuguma.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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