Gustavo Petro haangodi kushandura nyika yake; anoda kushandura nyika. Mutungamiri mutsva weColombia, akatora chigaro Nyamavhuvhu apfuura, ari kunangana neaanodaidza kuti nyika yake "hupfumi hwerufu.โ Izvi zvinoreva kusimuka kubva kuoiri, gasi rechisikigo, marasha, uye narcotics kuenda kumabasa ehupfumi akasimba. Tichipihwa mafuta aya nemarasha make up hafu yezvigadzirwa zvenyika yake - uye Colombia ndiyo yenyika inotungamira cocaine mugadziri โ izvo hazvisi kuzova nyore.
Zvakadaro, kana Colombia yaizoita pivot yakadai, yaizoratidza kune dzimwe nyika dzakapindwa muropa zvakafanana nezvinhu zvine simba zvakadaro - kusanganisira United States - kuti shanduko huru inogoneka. Nenhau dzichangoburwa dzichaitwa nenyika dzepasi rose anenge atadza yechinangwa chayo chekudzikisa kabhoni muna 2030, kuedza kweColombia kukonzeresa detox kwave nekukasira uye kwakakosha kupfuura nakare kose.
Hazvishamise kuti Petro naFrancia Marquez, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wezvakatipoteredza, vasangana nekupokana kwakakosha kuzvirongwa zvavo, kunyangwe kubva mukati mezvinzvimbo zvavo. Kunyangwe hazvo vakabva vazivisa kumisa kucherwa kwemafuta negasi kutsva sechikamu chekuyedza kubvisa indasitiri yemafuta ezvicherwa munyika, yavo pachavo. mari uye simba makurukota, achityira kuti kumisa hupfumi kuchaita kuti hupfumi hwenyika huenderere mberi, akaramba kurambidza zvibvumirano zveramangwana zvakadaro. Hurumende yakakurudzirawo mutero mutsva mukuru pakutengeswa kwemafuta kunze kwenyika, nekukurumidza zvikwere shure takatarisana nekuramba kuri kuita indasitiri, kusanganisira kubva kukambani yehurumende yemafuta Ecopetrol.
Dambudziko rakatokura rinobva kudambudziko rakakura rechikwereti iro Petro anotarisana naro. Zvizere chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemari yehurumende yerera uchienda kubasa Chikwereti chikuru chekunze cheColumbia. Zvakangofanana nekubhadhara mubereko unorema, chikamu chikuru cheGlobal South chakamanikidzwa kutora zviwanikwa zvakawanda kungobhadhara mabhiri asingapere kubva kumabhanga epasirese.
Kunyange zvakadaro, pasinei nezvinetso zvaanotarisana nazvo, Petro anomiririra chimwe chinhu chitsva. Mushure mezvose, Latin America yakasara yagara ichifarira migodhi yakawanda uye kuchera kuti iwedzere kutengesa kunze, kutengeserana, uye mari yehurumende. Mutungamiri weMexico, Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO) vakambotevedza kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yemafuta kuti (hongu!) kusimudzira kugadzirwa. Ndiro zvakare rave zano raLuiz Inรกcio Lula da Silva (Lula) muBrazil, nepo hurumende yePeronist muArgentina yakatarisana nekuedza zvakanyanya. wedzera offshore mafuta kuchera. Progressivism muLatin America, semune mamwe matunhu epasi, yakagara yakabatana zvisingaite nekutorwa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirirwa kugovera hupfumi hwakawanda kuvarombo, uku ichivhara mukaha nevapfumi vekuMaodzanyemba.
Nenzira inosuruvarisa, zvisinei, pasinei nourongwa hwokukura hwakafanana hunoteverwa nehurumende dzokuruboshwe, kurudyi, uye pakati, nyika dzenharaunda yacho pamwe chete dzakakundikana kuita chimwe chezvinangwa izvozvo. Latin America inoramba iri iyo nharaunda yakawanda mune zveupfumi kusaenzana panyika. Pane kuti itange kubata kuChamhembe, yatodzokera kumashure. Muna 1980, per capita gross domestic product (GDP) pakondinendi iyoyo yaiva 42% yeG7's, nyika dzakabudirira zvikuru pasi rose. Pakazosvika 2022 - zvisinei nehupfumi hwese hwakakweshwa kubva pasi negungwa, zvipikirwa zvevamiriri vekutengeserana kwemahara, uye kuedza kwevezvematongerwo enyika vanofambira mberi vakawana masimba - GDP yedunhu pamunhu. wakadonha zvinoshamisa kusvika ku29% yenyika dzeG7.
Zvino, Colombia iri kuedza chimwe chinhu chakasiyana. Kukunda musarudzo kwaPetro naFrancia kwave kurumbidzwa - kana kunyombwa - sechikamu che "pink wave" muLatin America iyo yakaunza Gabriel Boric pachigaro muChile, Xiomara Castro panzvimbo yepamusoro muHonduras, uye Lula semutungamiri wenyika. yeBrazil.
Asi nezviri kuedza kuitwa naPetro naFrancia, kungovazivisa nepingi wave kurasika. Ivo, shure kwezvose, vachipa paradigm yakasiyana yakasiyana yekusimudzira hupfumi, iyo yakasvibira kupfuura pink.
Pamwe unojairana nazvo mutemo wekutanga wemakomba: kana ukaona uri mune imwe, rega kuchera. Kwemakumi emakore, nyika dzeLatin America dzakaedza kuzvichera kubva muhurombo - kuchera mafuta, kuchera lithium - kungozviwana vari mugomba rakadzika.
Colombia ndiyo nyika yekutanga kutaura kuti inoda kumira kuchera. Nyika, uye kunyanya United States, zvino ichatsigira ruoko mukuiburitsa mugomba rayo rehupfumi?
Iyo Pink Wave Isiri
Kuruboshwe kungaite kunge kuri kufora muLatin America, asi kunyatsotarisisa zvakabuda musarudzo zvinoratidza mufananidzo wakasiyana.
KuBrazil, mutungamiri webato rekurudyi, Jair Bolsonaro, aifanira kunge akakundwa zvine mutsindo musarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika dzegore rapfuura. Mushure mezvose, "Trump yenzvimbo dzinopisa" yakanga yatungamira dambudziko reCovid-19 rakasiya Brazil. pachinzvimbo chechipiri pasi rose (mushure meUnited States) muhuwandu hwevakafa kubva mudenda iroro. Akatanga amhanya pa anticorruption platform, asi hutungamiri hwake hwakanga hwakanyanya kusatonga kwehupfumi kuti pakupedzisira iende Bolsonaro kuseri kwemabhawa. Uye pane kuvimbisa vanhu vekuBrazil kuti akazvipira kugutsaruzhinji, akaramba achirumbidza hudzvanyiriri hwemauto hwagara hwaenda, kunyangwe. kudzorera mhemberero yezuva iro mauto akatora masimba muna 1964.
Kwete chete kuti Bolsonaro akapotsa akunda Lula - muganho wekukunda waive usingasviki 2% - Bato rake reLiberal rakawedzera hwaro hwaro hwemasimba hunoshamisa mubicameral Congress yenyika. Uye Brazil yanga isiri iyo nyika chete mudunhu uko kurudyi rwakasvika pedyo nekukunda. Mapato ari kurudyi akapotsa akunda musarudzo dzegore rapfuura muChile neColombia zvakare.
Uyewo nharaunda yacho yose haina chinhu chakafanana neparadhiso yepingi. MuEl Salvador, mutambi webapiro rekurudyi Nayib Bukele akadhonza Putin nekuwedzera hutongi hwake pamapazi ese matatu ehurumende. Uruguay, yaimbova yekuruboshwe enclave, change kurudyi musarudzo dzemuna 2020, sezvakaita Ecuador muna 2021. Uye kuruboshwe mupopulist Pedro Castillo, akasarudzwa semutungamiri wePeru mugore iroro, agara mutirongo mushure mekudzingwa kwake zvichitevera kuedza kupidigura hurumende. Zvichakadaro, maererano nesarudzo dzichangoburwa, wezvematongerwo enyika anogona kutsiva hurumende iripo muGuatemala, Zury Rios, mwanasikana wemudzvinyiriri ane mukurumbira Rios Montt, akatowedzera kurudyi.
Pamusoro pezvo, hurumende nhatu dzinonzi dzakasiya - Cuba, Nicaragua, neVenezuela - ihurumende dzehudzvanyiriri dzakasunga vanopikisa, kuruboshwe nekurudyi. Dzimwe hurumende dzekuruboshwe dziri kupindawo munzira, naLuis Arce weBolivia nguva pfupi yadarika achisunga muvengi wake mukuru uye AMLO yeMexico defunding dare rinoona nezvesarudzo.
Zvichakadaro, kuArgentina, Mutungamiri Alberto Fernandez, anotungamira mubatanidzwa-kuruboshwe wePeronist neaimbove mutungamiri Cristina Kirchner, aona mukurumbira wake uchidzikira zvakanyanya. Party yake, kurasika nguva huru musarudzo dzepakati petemu muna 2021, uye 67% yevaArgentina parizvino vane maonero asina kunaka yake pamberi pesarudzo dzinotevera muna Gumiguru.
Mhosva yeArgentina chiyeuchidzo chekuti chingaite senge "pink wave" kana "counter-pink wave" ingori kutsamwa kune varipo. Vanhu vekuLatin America "vakakanda mabums kunze" mukati 15 pasarudzo gumi neshanu dzapfuura. Sekune dzimwe nyika pasi rose, chikamu chikuru chevavhoti chine vamiriri muboka rose vane mhosva yekutadza kwekuvandudza hupfumi hwenyika kuti hubudirire. Right-bapiro populists vakashandisawo zvematongerwo enyika eruvengo - kupokana vatorwa, ivo Nharaunda yeLBBT, vakadzi, ivo indigenous, uye vanhu verudzi rweAfrica - kumhanyisa kukwira kwavo, nerubatsiro rwakakura kubva pasocial network uye kurudyi-bapiro media. SekuUnited States, uyu Muchena, wechirume, anovenga ngochani atanga kusangana neruvengo rwezvehupfumi rwunonzwiwa nechero kudyidzana kwenyika dzese. kusiyiwa kumashure.
Ndizvo zvinoita kuti muenzaniso weColombia uve wakakosha: ndiwo wakasarudzika, kwete mutemo. Mumwe chete mutungamiri anouya pedyo ndiGabriel Boric muChile. Sezvo agadza nyanzvi yezvemamiriro ekunze kuti ave gurukota rezvakatipoteredza, Boric akazvipira kudzikisa kuburitsa kabhoni uye kutsvaga. raramo itsva, inoenderera kune avo vari โmunzvimbo dzezvibayiroโ dzenyika. Asi haana kuzvipira kuisa Chile semutungamiri anotungamira kunze kwelithium, chikamu chakakosha mumabhatiri eiyo ion anochajika, ayo kubviswa kwacho kunokanganisa zvakanyanya. njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza uye dzenzanga. MuLatin America, mushure mezvose, zvinhu zvakaita se lithium ndimambo. Pakati pe2000 ne2014, nyika dzayo vakafara kuwedzera kwezvinhu kwakasimudza kutengesa kunze kwenyika uye kwakakurudzira kukura (kunyangwe zvisina kukwana kuvhara gaka rehupfumi neNorth yakapfuma).
China, iyo yakangotora 1% chete yeLatin America zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muna 2000, asi zvino inotora zvinenge 15% yavo, yanga ichikurudzira dunhu kuti riwedzere kutorwa. Parizvino, South America inotungamira yekutengesa shamwari - uye nhamba yechipiri yeLatin America yose - China inoda zvinhu zvakaita seoiri, mhangura, uye soya bhinzi yekudyisa maindasitiri ayo nevanhu vayo. Yakawedzerawo kutengwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha kune zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinogoneka senge lithium zvemabhatiri uye raft nokuda kwemashizha emhepo-turbine.
Iyo "yakavhurika tsinga dzeLatin America" โโiyo Uruguayan munyori Eduardo Galeano zvakanyatsorongeka saka kare kare vari kuwedzera kubuda ropa neChina.
Green Akanaka Muvakidzani?
Latin America haingori mutengesi wezvigadzirwa zvesimba rekuchinja kweChina neNorth yepasi rose. Iri pakati pekuchinja kwayo. Kutaura zvazviri, iri kuvaka kakapetwa kane simba rezuva kupfuura European Union uye nekudaro kugadzira hwaro hwesimba hutsva hwesimba hunofanirwa kuwedzera ne70% huwandu hwemagetsi ezuva remagetsi achapa kudunhu. Wedzera mumhepo simba uye renewable simba rakaiswa kuwedzera zvinoshamisa 460% kubudikidza 2030.
Huzhinji hwesimba uhu, zvisinei, hwakanangana nenyika shoma dzinotungamirwa neBrazil, Colombia, neChile. Parizvino, avo vatatu, pamwe neMexico nePeru, vane mhosva ye97% yekuwedzera simba rezuva. Shanduko yesimba inogadzika, nemamwe mazwi, inotyisidzira kupatsanura dunhu kuita bloc inokwira yakachena uye ichiri-yakanyanya-tsvina.
Apa ndipo panogona kupinda United States.
Mumakore ekuma1930, mutungamiri weMutungamiri Franklin Delano Roosevelt akazarura nzira itsva yeLatin America: Good Neighbor Policy. Kudzoreredza zana rekupindira kweUS, mutemo mutsva uyu wakasimbisa kusapindira uye kusapindira munharaunda, uku ichikurudzira kutengeserana uye kushanya kwakawanda. Pakanga pasina, zvisinei, hapana chakashata pamusoro pazvo. Roosevelt aida kuvhura Latin America kuUS kunze kwenyika, kuwana mukana kune zvakakosha zviwanikwa, uye gare gare kuchengetedza rutsigiro rwayo muHondo Yenyika II.
Nhasi, dambudziko rakasiyana rinoda kuti United States ibatanidze zvombo zvakasimba zvikuru nevavakidzani vayo kumaodzanyemba. Nyika dzeEurope dziri kubatana kurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ne European Green Deal. Washington inoda kuyedza kuita zvimwe chete neLatin America.
Mushure mezvose, China iri kupikisa US kuti iite hupfumi muruvanze rwayo, uku ichiwedzera kutengeserana ikoko nekukurumidza kunoshamisa. Yakatumira mabhiriyoni emadhora mukubatsira uye zvikwereti kudunhu panguva yakakwira denda reCovid uye zvakananga invested yakawanda mari sezvairi muEuropean Union.
Kunyorera maLatin America muhondo yakafanana - kana kungoramba iine basa shoma - Washington inoda kupa chimwe chinhu chakasiyana. Kusvika pari zvino, mafambiro ehutongi hweBiden anga achishungurudza. Ichokwadi, yakakumbira madhora mazana maviri nemazana mana emadhora mukubatsira mudunhu muna 2.4, iyo zvikuru mumakore gumi. Zvakadaro, enzanisa iyo neiyo $ 3.3 bhiriyoni murubatsiro rwepagore rwemauto iyo US inotumira kuIsrael chete kana iyo $75 bhiriyoni mukubatsira yakatumirwa kuUkraine gore rapfuura.
Yave nguva yekuti manejimendi eBiden atange Green Good Neighbor Policy ine chinangwa chekuita Colombia mutemo, kwete izvo. Latin America yese inoda kuchinjika kubva kufossil fuels uye United States inogona kukurumidzira hurongwa uhu nekutsigira homwe yedunhu reGreen infrastructure. Idaidze iyo Green Road Initiative (mukupesana neChina's Belt uye Road Initiative).
Kusvika pari zvino, manejimendi akavimbisa zvimwe. Secretary of State Antony Blinken akapika gore rakapera kuti United States yaizobatsira dunhu kuti riite "kukura nekuenzana." Maererano nemushumo wenguva pfupi yapfuura, shanduko yesimba yakasimba muLatin America inogona gadzira pamusoro pe10% mamwe mabasa ne2030, kushandura mazwi aBlinken kuti ave chokwadi. Utungamiri akavimbisawo kuti zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zveramangwana hazvizove nezvisungo - zvinowanikwa mune zvakawanda zvazvino - izvo zvinobvumira makambani kumhan'ara hurumende pamusoro pemirau inokanganisa nheyo dzadzo. Iyo yakakosha dunhu-yakafara bhangi, panguva iyi, iri kutanga kutsigira mamwe maGreen infrastructure mapurojekiti.
Asi zvese izvi, zvakanyanya, hafu-nhanho. Kana hutongi hweBiden huchida kuita mutsauko zvechokwadi, hwaizogadzira Green Bank kuti ibatsire mari yekuchinja kwesimba reLatin America, uku ichigadziridza - kana zviri nani zvakadaro, kudzima - zvikwereti zvave kuremadza kuedza senge Colombia kuwana mari yeshanduko huru yehupfumi. . Urongwa hwedunhu uhwu hunogona kutosanganisira vanobuda kunze kwenyika seCuba, El Salvador, Nicaragua, neVenezuela. Sezvinoita China, kudyidzana kwakasvibira hakudi kubvumirana pagwaro renyaya sezvakangoitawo kubata kwezvombo neSoviet Union kwaida kubvumirana pakodzero dzevanhu munguva yeCold War.
Uku hakusi kuzviitira vamwe. Sezvakaita panguva yaRoosevelt, yakabudirira uye nharaundaly yakagadzikana yeLatin America ingangoita kashoma kutumira masaisai evabvakure kuUnited States, uku ichigadzira misika yakawanda yezvinhu zveUS. Ah, uye zvaizoita zvakare kudzikisa kuderedzwa kwekabhoni pasi rose kuitira kuti pamwe, pamwe, Florida isanyangarika mugungwa.
Colombia inyika diki, yakashata yakatarisana neakareba senge injini diki inofunga kuti inogona, inofunga kuti inogona, inofunga kuti inogonaโฆ
Asi kuti tive nechokwadi chokuti zvinogona zvechokwadi, kuti kuchinja kukuru kwakadaro kuchazomboitika, rubatsiro runodiwa uye nokukurumidza. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kupiwa mutemo wechipiri wemakomba: kunyange paunomira kuchera, iwe uchiri pasi.
Kusundidzira kwakasimba kubva kumuvakidzani akanaka akasvibira kunogona kubatsira Columbia - uye isu tose - kutanga kukwira uye kuyera hurefu hutsva.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta