Kubva kuUnited States neBrazil kusvika kuIsrael neHungary, vasununguko vanosvika pamukaha unowedzera mumaonero ezvematongerwo enyika nekusatenda ukuwo maIlliberals vachiona polarization semukana wezvematongerwo enyika wekuparadza democracy.
Sarudzo dzega dzega mazuva ano dzinoita sedzakakosha kudarika dzekupedzisira.
Ah mwari wangu, Lula akakunda muBrazil! Unogona here kutenda kuti Netanyahu achangobuda pamusoro muIsrael-zvakare! Kanganwa nezvepepuru America, Bhuruu neRed zviri kubvarura United States nepakati!
Mumazuva ekare, sarudzo dzegutsaruzhinji dzaikwikwidzana nevamiriri vehuzivi hwakasiyana. Funga Ronald Reagan vs. Jimmy Carter kana Margaret Thatcher vs. Neil Kinnock. MaChristian Democrats akarwa neSocial Democrats kuti vatore mukana wavo muhofisi. Musuwo unotenderera wezvematongerwo enyika wesarudzo waipota uchiunza shanduko huru muutongi hwepfungwa, semuenzaniso kubva mudunhu rerunyararo kuenda kune neoliberalism, iyo yakatuma nyika kuenda kunzira dzakasiyana.
Sarudzo idzi dzinogona kunge dzakakosha zvikuru. Asi akanga asiri makwikwi aripo.
Nhasi, nekupesana, sarudzo hadzina kunyanya kutaura pamusoro pekuti ndiani anotungamirira hurongwa hwegutsaruzhinji uye pamusoro pekuti ndiyani anototenda muutongi hwezvido zvevanhu. Munyika nenyika, vanhu vari kuenda kunovhota kuti vatsigireโkana kuti kupererwa nezano roseโzvinoenderana nezvematongerwe enyika zvakaenzana nenyanzvi dzokuputsa dzimba. Vavhoti vanoda chaizvo kana kuvenga vanokanda mabhomba ava, vanenge vese vari kurudyi. Nzvimbo yepakati yadzikira sechitsuwa chakakomberedzwa nemativi ese nemvura inokwira.
Masangano eDemocratic agara achiratidzira huwandu hwakakomba hwepolarization. Mushure mezvose, Reagan naThatcher vairatidzira nhamba, kunyangwe mukati memapato avo.
Asi polarization yave kureva chimwe chinhu chakasiyana panguva ino yezvematongerwo enyika. Maonero epasirese emabhuroko akateerana โ haachasisiri kuruboshwe uye kurudyi zvakanyanya sedemocracy uye isina demokrasi - hazvienderane. Zvematongerwo enyika zveAmerica zvave kupenga sei kana Bernie Sanders naLiz Cheney vari muboka rimwe chete? Ichokwadi, poll mushure mesarudzo inoratidza zvakawanda zvinowirirana muvavhoti pasi rose zvinokosheswa neupfumi hwepamba, semuenzaniso, kana kukurumidza kwe kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Asi mitoo yakasiyana zvikuru kupfungwa dzakadai seโchokwadi,โ โnyanzvi,โ โhurumende,โ uye โkodzeroโ dzinoita kuti kugadzwa kwemitemo kwakavakirwa paichi chinhu chinobvumiranwa kuwedzere kuoma.
Vanhu vanotova polarized panyaya yepolarization! Rusununguko vanosvika pakukura kwemaonero ezvematongerwo enyika nekusatenda ("zvingaita sei vavhoti vakawanda tenda upenzi husina maturo hwe[zadza pasina]?โ). Illiberals vanoona polarization semukana wezvematongerwo enyika.
Imwe mhedzisiro yepolarization iyi isarudzo dzaive pedyo zvikuru. Kunyangwe uko mauto edemocracy anokunda, sekukundwa kuchangobva kuitika kwaJair Bolsonaro muBrazil, muganho wesarudzo mudiki zvekuti hapana anogona kutaura nezve "simba rehutungamiriri" raLula. Kunyangwe mavhoti akawanda airatidza kuti akavhura hutungamiriri hwakakura pamusoro pemutungamiri wenyika, Lula akakunda ne50.9% chete kusvika kuBolsonaro 49.1%.
MuSweden, mubatanidzwa webapiro rekurudyi wakakunda musarudzo dzichangopfuura, neo-fascist Sweden Democrats ichiuya yechipiri, yakawana mavhoti mashoma (49.1 muzana) kupfuura mubatanidzwa wekuruboshwe (49.3 muzana) asi akabuda pamusoro muparamende nekuti yekugovaniswa kwemavhoti iwayo.
Mumwe muenzaniso wakanyanyisa wekusiyana uku wanga uri weUnited States, uko bato reDemocratic Party rakakunda bato reRepublican Party musarudzo nomwe kubva pasere dzakapfuura asi rakakunda kana kukundwa nemubato muElectoral College. inopa mavhoti emamwe maRepublican-ane hushamwari ekumaruwa ekuAmerica. Mushure mesarudzo dzepakati petemu svondo rino, Congress inoramba yakakamurwa zvishoma, kunyangwe ichitsamira zvishoma Red.
Sarudzo dzakadai pakati pemasimba egutsaruzhinji neasina hutongi hwejekerere hadzisi nguva dzose dziri pedyo. Tora nyaya yeSlovenia, uko bato repakati-kuruboshwe rakadzinga zviri nyore Trump-saJanez Janลกa kubva muhofisi yemutungamiriri muna Kubvumbi. Pamwe hauna kunzwa zvakawanda nezve mhedzisiro inokatyamadza iyi. Slovenia inyika diki. Zvinotonyanya kukosha ndezvokuti sarudzo hadzina kuenderana nerondedzero yakajairika yemapato ezvematongerwo enyika achibatsira mapato ari kure-kurudyi.
Zvinonyanya kuitika kuti wakanzwa svondo rino kuti Benjamin Netanyahu - wezvematongerwo enyika ane hunyanzvi hwekurudyi - akahwina mumwe mukana wekuumba hurumende muIsrael. Pano zvakare, sezvakaita sarudzo dzese dzeIsrael dzichangoburwa, nhangemutange yaive pedyo. Asi zvinoshamisa kuti Netanyahu, achipomerwa mhosva nhatu dze hutsotsi, chiokomuhomwe, uye kukanganisa kuvimbana, haana kunyara-nyara mumumvuri wezvematongerwo enyika. Maiwe, zvematongerwo enyika zvehasha uye hutsinye zvakasimudzira hupfumi hwesarudzo hwevaimbove vangave vasina kusarudzwa.
Vaongorori vashoma vanopedzisa kubva mukukundwa kwaBolsonaro naJanลกa kuti kutyisidzira kwezvematongerwo enyika kunopesana nedemocracy kuri kudzikira. Sarudzo yeIsrael, kune rumwe rutivi, inoonekwa seyambiro. "Sezvandamboona, maitiro ezvematongerwo enyika eIsrael anowanzova chiratidzo chemaitiro akakura muWestern democracies-Off Broadway to our Broadway," anonyora kudaro. Thomas Friedman in The New York Times pamusoro pokukunda kwaNetanyahu, achiwedzera kuti sarudzo dzichangopfuura dzakabudisa โmubatanidzwa une kure kure zvikuru munhoroondo yeIsrael. kunze kwetsika nemiganhu yezvematongerwo enyika eIsrael. "
Ingano inonyaradza yekuti mademokrasi edu anogona kugadziriswa nekupedza mhirizhonga kana kubvisa mari kubva mune zvematongerwo enyika. Hongu, kugadzirisa kwakadaro kwaizobatsira. Asi mamepu akanaka kana mashoma ekushambadzira eTV haagadzirise kukura kwepfungwa gaba uye kudzikisira mukaha wesarudzo pakati pevedemokrasi nevapikisi. Mushure mezvose, kunyangwe nyika dzine hurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika hune musoro seSweden neSlovenia dzakawirwa nedambudziko iri.
Dambudziko rinowedzera kudzika. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, vanyanyisi vakabudirira mukuparadzanisa vavhoti nekuti chikamu chikuru cheruzhinji rwevanhu vanovhota munyika dzedemocracies vakarasikirwa nekutenda mune zvakakosha nzanga yemazuva ano: masangano ehurumende, hunyanzvi hwesainzi, uye zvematongerwo enyika akawanda. Zvakaipisisa, zvimwe zvezvikanganiso zviri nevamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vemazuva ano ivo pachavo.
The Far-Right's Playbook
Kupatsanurana kwezvematongerwo enyika kwagara kuchipatsanura nyika kuita mbiri dzinenge dzakaenzana asi dzakapesana. Semuenzaniso Yoon Suk-yeol, akakunda musarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika gore rino muSouth Korea nemavhoti asingasviki chikamu chimwe kubva muzana. Pakati-kuruboshwe uye kure-kurudyi muItari yakakwezva ingangoita nhamba yakafanana yemavhoti kunyangwe neo-fascist Georgia Meloni akabuda pamusoro. Sarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika dzichangoitwa kuColombia, Gustavo Petro akakunda muvengi wake akafanana naTrump nezvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana, kudonha chaiko munguva ino yevanoruma zvipikiri.
Zvisinei nekusagadzikana kwesarudzo munharaunda dzine polarized zvingava, muganho mukuru wekukunda haumborodze.
KuHungary, Viktor Orbรกn nebato rake rekurudyi reFidesz vakarova vanopikisa musarudzo dzegore rino. Iye zvino akatonga pamusoro peHungary kubvira 2010, isingaperi mumakore edemokrasi. Vhoti isina kunanga yemutungamiri wenyika inoratidza chaizvo kuti Fidesz anotonga sei zvematongerwo enyika zveHungary: mumiriri weFidesz akahwina neanosvika makumi manomwe neshanu muzana evhoti.
Saizvozvo, anowedzera kuzvitonga paruzhinji Aleksandar Vuฤiฤ akahwina mujaho wemutungamiri weSerbia nezvikamu makumi matanhatu muzana zvevhoti musarudzo dzaKubvumbi apfuura. Bongbong Marcos akawana mavhoti akapetwa kaviri semukwikwidzi wake wepedyo mumakwikwi aMay muPhilippine. Uye muTurkmenistan inodzvanyirira zvakanyanya, mwanakomana wemudzvanyiriri wenguva refu akatora zvingangoita makumi manomwe neshanu muzana evhoti zvichienzaniswa, zvakanaka, hazvina basa muTurkmenistan inozvitonga kuti ndiani anotsiva.
Uku kukunda kwakapidiguka nekodzero yehutongi, kodzero yerudzi, uye rudyi ruri kure zvinonyanya kutyisa kupfuura kukunda kwazvino kwaNetanyahu. Vanomiririra chikamu chechipiri chekuderera kwedemokrasi.
Muchikamu chekutanga, mushure mekunge kodzero yeruvengo yatora bazi rekutonga, rinotanga kunyorazve mitemo yemutambo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inoramba iri musimba. Vanoita izvi kuburikidza nekudzikamisa rusununguko rwebumbiro remitemo (kutaura, kuungana), kudzora nhepfenyuro, uye kugadzirisa matare edzimhosva. Ndiwo muenzaniso wakapayona naVladimir Putin mushure mekukunda musarudzo dze2000 uye akakwana naOrbรกn.
VaTrump vakatanga nenzira iyi - uye vakakwanisa kushandura matare eUS vachitangira kumusoro - asi akatadziswa zvinangwa zvake zvakakura nekupokana nemasangano (avo vaakagadza, Congress, matare, vezvenhau, kunyangwe mamwe mabhizinesi makuru). SaOrbรกn, aive nemukana wechipiri pamasimba paakave mutungamiriri wehurumende zvakare muna 2010, VaTrump vaigona kuratidza hunyengeri hwakanaka dai aizohwina muna 2024 (kunyanya kana akahaya matinji ane hunyanzvi). Zvakatoipisisa kungave kukunda kwaRon DeSantis kana Tom Cotton, chero angave anoziva zvirinani kuita hurongwa hwekuita marongero avanoda.
Vese ava vasina mari vakabatsirwa uye vakabatsira mukusarudzika kwezvematongerwo enyika. Zvinzvimbo zvavo zvekunyanyisa hazviwanzo kutsigirwa neruzhinji rwevavhoti - funga kubvisa pamuviri kana kuderedzwa kwemitero kune vapfumi. Asi kukumbira kwavo kunganonyorwa dzenhema- "dzakabiwa" sarudzo, Satanic globalists, "Great Replacement" dzidziso yeuyo ari pedyo anotora-kutora hwaro hunogona kupokana nemazano avo chaiwo.
Kugadzirisa Polarization
One common strategy Kugadzirisa kupolarization kwave kutsvaga nzira dzekuti vavhoti vaone zvinowirirana. Zvakare kufarirwa neimwe nzira kudzikisira kukanganiswa kwenhau dzenhema uye kusimudzira nzira dzinounza vanhu pamwe chete mumapoka emagariro kukurudzira tsitsi. Kusvika pari zvino, maitiro aya haasati anyatso dzikisa kupolarization yezvematongerwo enyika.
Zvinofarirwawo kutaura kuti vatsigiri vezvematongerwo enyika vane utsinye havana musoro. Pamwe ivo "vanosemesa" kana, sekupokana kwakaita Thomas Frank mukati Chii Chinonetsa neKansas, vari kuvhota vachipesana nezvido zvavo (zvehupfumi).
Chokwadi vamwe vevatsigiri vaTrump, Bolsonaro, Netanyahu, naMeloni vane rusaruraganda. Uye vamwe vavhoti vane mari yakaderera vari kutsigira vavhoti vasingazive vanoda vapfumi.
Asi tsigiro yakakosha yevanopfurikidza mwero ine mufungo. Vazhinji vavhoti veMAGA nevamwe vavo pasirese vanonzwa kusarira kumashure munyaya dzehupfumi nekuda kwekudyidzana kwepasirese, uko kwave kudzikamisa kugadzirwa kwenyika dzakabudirira, zvichiparadza mabasa ega ega nenharaunda dzese. Hazvishamisi kuti ava โvakarasikirwa nokudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi poseโ vanonzwa vanyengedzwa nemapato makuru ezvematongerwo enyika akatambira chirongwa ichi chekudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose pakutanga. Uye havasi kufara zvikuru nekuchinja kwakaita magariro evanhu kwakabatana nekudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose.
Namamwe mashoko, muhondo pakati pavakasununguka navasina simba, vokutanga vakaguma vakanganisa nzvimbo yavo vamene yezvamatongerwe enyika kupfurikidza nokufambisira mberi rudzi rwakati rwechiono chakasimba, chenyika yakabviswa zvipingamupinyi zvose zvokufamba kwemari, ine simba renyika rakaneta pamusoro pechisarudzo choupfumi. -kugadzira uye kutarisa kusingaregi pakukura kwekabhoni. Uye nepo vasununguko vehupfumi vakasunda chirongwa ichi, vakasununguka vemagariro vakatarisa zvakanyanya pakushandisa hurukuro yekodzero dzevanhu zvakaenzana. Zvakadaro zvinoyemurika chirongwa chekupedzisira ichi, zvaireva kuti vashandi vazhinji vakaona kuparara kwemamiriro avo ehupfumi panguva imwe chete vakaona kukanganiswa kwemamiriro avo emagariro zvakare.
Kudhirowazve mamepu esarudzo, kubvisa mari kubva mune zvematongerwo enyika, kunangana nekutaura kweruvengo, uye kuderedza manyepo pasocial media mabasa akakosha. Asi havagadzirise matambudziko aya ari kukonzera hupfumi.
Kana isu tichida kudzikamisa pesvedzero yevanonyanyisa, mademocrats anofanirwa kutarisisa hurongwa hwavo pahupfumi kutanga, kuvaka mubatanidzwa wemurarabungu uchitenderedza mabasa akanaka mumaindasitiri akachena, kugadzira zvinokurudzira veplutocrats kuti vaise mari muzvinhu zveveruzhinji (uye kuvaranga nekusaita. saka), uye kudzoreredza kutonga kwenyika pamusoro pehupfumi hwepamba kuti hudzorere musimba remakambani ekunze uye mari.
Uku kutarisisa zvishuwo zveupfumi kunoda kuvandudzwa kwenyaya dzinoparadzanisa magariro evanhu. Kuenda kune dzimwe nyika kwaizove kushoma pamakakatanwa pamusoro pehuwandu nehutsotsi uye zvimwe nezve kusimudzira nekuwedzera zvikamu zvakakosha zvinoenderana nevashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika sekurima, hutano, uye kuvaka. Urongwa hwemamiriro ekunze hunova hushoma pamusoro pekuvhara maindasitiri anonyanya kushandisa kabhoni uye kumisa vashandi ivavo uye nezvimwe nezve kuendesa zvirongwa zvesimba rakachena izvo zvinobatsira zvisingaenzaniswi vanotambura, kunyanya vashandi vakadzingwa.
Polarization chinhu chisingadzivisike kubva mune zvematongerwo enyika. Vadzvanyiriri chete nemafascist vanotenda mukubatana kwengano kwevanhu. Asi kusawirirana pakati pevamiriri nevashori vemazuva ano hakuna hutano, kunyanya apo vekupedzisira vanotanga kutora masimba ezvematongerwo enyika. Kuti vadzivise varairi kubva mukukwevera Orbรกn uye kugadzirisa nzanga pamwe chete nemitsara yemazuva ano, isu vemazuva ano tinofanira kutanga tabvuma kuti purojekiti yedu haina kukanganisa, zvichida inouraya zvakadaro munyaya yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Tinofanira kutaura chiono chitsva chehupfumi chisingasiyi vanhu vazhinji kumashure-kana zvikasadaro, munguva pfupi, tichave isu tasara pasarudzo.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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