Kuti pasi rirege kupisa zvakanyanya, pane kabhoni yakawanda zvekuti vanhu vanogona kupomba mumhepo. Kubva pakatanga Shanduko yeMaindasitiri kusvika nhasi, vanhu vakashandisa zvakaenzana 83 muzana ye "carbon budget" yayo - huwandu hwekabhoni iyo mhepo inogona kutora uye isingapfuure chinangwa cheParis chibvumirano chemamiriro ekunze chekuwedzera 1.5C madhigirii ekupisa kwepasirese kubva nguva isati yatanga maindasitiri. Pachiyero chazvino chekuburitsa, bhajeti ichashandiswa mukati memakore gumi anotevera.
Zvakaenzana kunetsa kwave kugoverwa kweiyo kabhoni emissions. โNechikamu chiri pasi pezvikamu makumi maviri kubva muzana zvevanhu vepasi rose, Global North yashandisa zvakapfurikidza chikamu che20 muzana chebhajeti rekare,โ anodaro Meena Raman, purezidhendi weFriends of the Earth Malaysia uye mukuru wezvirongwa paThird World Network, pamusangano. Global Just Transition webinar. โAvo vakapfuma munyika isina kudzivirirwa maererano nokubudisa magasi e<em>greenhouse ndivo vakakonzera kuparadza kwakawanda kwatakatarisana nako nhasi.โ
Nemhaka yeiyi musiyano mukuru wezvinobuda mumhepo uye muupfumi hunowanikwa pamwe chete nezvinobudiswa izvozvo, nyika dzakapfuma dzokuchamhembe dzinokwereta nyika dzine urombo rudzi rwakati rweโchikwereti chemamiriro ekunze.โ Ikozvino, kana kuburitsa kabhoni kuchifanira kudzorwa zvakanyanya, kuchamhembe kune basa renhoroondo kubatsira maodzanyemba kuita shanduko yayo kune remangwana refossil-fuel.
Basa iri haringori basa rekuburitsa kabhoni. Kubviswa nekupiswa kwemafuta ezvicherwa neGlobal North panguva uye mushure meRevolution Revolution kwakaenda pamwe nehurongwa huripo hwekupamba Global South. Nguva yekoloni yakagadzira kusaenzana kwesimba pakati pekuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba, iyo yakaenderera mberi munguva yemashure ekuzvitonga. Global South inoramba ichipa Global North nezviwanikwa, zvichiwedzera kutsigira shanduko ye "simba rakachena". Nyika dzeGlobal South zvakare dzinoramba dzakavharirwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzechikwereti kumasangano ezvemari eGlobal North.
โTinofanira kutaura nezvezvikwereti zvose izvi zvokunzeโzvokune dzimwe nyika, zvemariโzvinobatanidza utongi hwehurumende, kushandiswa kwevashandi, rusaruraganda, uye madzitateguru,โ anodaro Alberto Acosta, aimbova gurukota rezvesimba nemigodhi reEcuador. "Idzi nzira dzekutorera zvisikwa kubva pakutanga midziyo yekutonga pamusoro peNyika yeTatu kana nyika dzichiri kusimukira kana nyika dzine urombo. Nyika idzi dziri pedyo dzakabuda ropa kubva kare. "
Kunzvenga mamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa ekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunoda mari: yakawanda. โPasinei nokuti tinoronga sei kurukurirano yachoโchikwereti chemamiriro ekunze, kudzoreredza mamiriro ekunze, kugoverana kwemamiriro ekunzeโzvinetso zvacho zvakakura,โ anodaro Tom Athanasiou, muvambi mubatanidzwa weEcoEquity. "Hapana zvematongerwo enyika zvinogoneka kugadzirisa dambudziko remamiriro ekunze uye dambudziko rekusaenzana. Sainzi inotiudza kuti isu tinofanirwa kubvisa mafuta efossil pasi rose mumakumi mashoma emakore. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nyika dzeGlobal South dzinofanirwa kukurumidza kubvisa kaboni kunyangwe vachiri varombo, kunyangwe vaine zvicherwa zvavanotarisira kuburitsa nekutengesa kuti vasimukira.
Asi mari iyi ichabva kupi uye ndeapi masangano ezvematongerwo enyika anodiwa kugadzirisa kusaenzana kwesimba nehupfumi pakati pekuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba?
The Stakes
Muna 2021, iyo Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) akapedzisa kuti 85 muzana yechiverengero chavagari vapasi chenyika yakanga yatapurwa nokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze. Gore rino, mvura isina kumboitika mumwaka wezhizha inoisa chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chePakistan pasi pemvura. Kusanaya kwemvura kwakaunza mwero wakakwirira wokushaikwa kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri muEast Africa, nepo kutemwa kwemasango kweAmazon kwakaunza zvakaitika nekumhanya kwerekodhi mumwedzi mitanhatu yekutanga ya 2022. Zvichakadaro, zvitsuwa zviduku zveIndia nePacific Oceans zviri kuita zviduku zuva rega rega. Pakati pedzimwe njodzi dzemamiriro okunze dziri kuchamhembe, kutsva kwemasango kwakaparadza Russia, Europe, uye United States.
"Kana ukatarisa mishumo yeIPCC ichangoburwa, hwindo rekugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze riri kukurumidza kuvhara," Meena Raman anodaro. โIri harisi hwindo rekudzikisa emission chete asiwo iwindo rekugadzirisa. Tatova munguva yekurasikirwa nekukuvara. Kutambura chaiko kuri kuitika pasi rose: kwave kune mafashamo muPakistan neNigeria, uye munyika dzakapfuma zvakare.
"Masayendisiti ave pedyo nekuvhunduka," Tom Athanasiou anoshuma. โZvinogoneka kuti tembiricha yepasi rose inogona kurova muchidimbu muganho we1.5-degree mumakore maviri chete. Pakupera kwemakore gumi aya, ingangove iri pa1.5 madhigirii, kana kuti pedyo zvikuru. Panguva iyoyo, nemamiriro ezvinhu ari kuwedzera, ane ngozi, masimba ezvematongerwo enyika achange achinja. Hazvidzivisiki. Chokwadi hatizivi sei vanenge vachinja.โ
Shanduko yemasimba ezvematongerwo enyika inogonawo kukonzera kukanganisa kunoitika kunze kwemiganhu yenyika, senge glacial melt muAntarctic. The Thwaites glacier, yakatumidzwa zita remadunhurirwa rekuti "doomsday glacier" nekuda kwekunyungudika kwayo kuchaita kutenderera pasirese, yava kupera. pamwero wakapetwa kaviri yakaita mumakore gumi apfuura. "Kana Thwaites glacier ikaenda uye mwero wegungwa kukwira kwese kwese, izvi zvichachinja maitiro ezvematongerwo enyika here?" Athanasious anobvunza. "Ko shanduko huru iyo yaimbove isiri muhurongwa inowana nzira yayo pachirongwa nenzira itsva? Vanhu vanoziva kuti neoliberal economics inofanirwa kuenda. Havasi vanhu vanorwa mumigwagwa chete. Munhu wose anoziva. Saka, ndedzipi nzira nyowani dzekushandira pamwe, kuramba, uye shanduko inovhura?"
Idzi njodzi dzichangobva kuitika hadzisi magumo ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze chete asi kwehuzivi husina kunaka hwemunhu kune zvakasikwa. โUku kuderera kwemamiriro okunze kunoratidza chokwadi cheanthropocentrism,โ anodaro Alberto Acosta. โAsi kusawirirana kwepasi uku hakusi kukonzerwa nevanhu vese, asi kuti vanhu vane rombo rakanaka vanoshandisa zvinhu zvavo. Inhoroondo ye<em>capitalism, nhoroondo yokuwanda kwokuwanda kunotapura mabhiriyoni avanhu pasi pano, zvikurukuru vakadzi nenzanga dzomunzvimbomo.โ
Murutivi nemhaka yemigumisiro yokusagadzikana ukuโmafashamo, kusanaya kwemvura, madutu akawedzeraโvanhu vakazotanga kugadzirisa kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, asi kwete nokukurumidzira kwaidiwa kana kuti zviwanikwa. Saka, semuenzaniso, chibvumirano cheParis muna 2014 chakamisa zvinangwa zvekudzikisa kuburitsa kabhoni, asi kuedza kwenyika kune izvi zvinangwa ndekwekuzvipira. Saizvozvo, vimbiso dzichangoburwa nenyika dzekusvika โnet zeroโ panosvika 2050 hadzitevedzwe nechero chiremera chepasi rose.
"Net zero panosvika 2050 ishoma, kunonoka," Raman anonongedza. โNyika dzakasimukira dzinofanirwa kunge dzasvika pazero pari zvino. Uye nekuda kwehondo muUkraine, vakatodzokera kumashure mukuwedzera kushandisa kwavo mafuta efosil, Germany semuenzaniso ichidzokera kuita marasha. " Alberto Acosta anobvuma kuti Hondo yeUkraine yanga iri nhanho yekudzokera kumashure kweiyo mamiriro ekunze ekutonga Nuclear simba, semarasha, raita rebound. Uye kudyara kukuru kwapinda muzvombo, anodaro, panguva chaiyo yavanodiwa kugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Sekutaura kwaTom Athanasiou, kusvika pazero pakati pezana ramakore "zvingave zvakaoma kunyangwe tiine demokrasi inoshanda uye hutungamiriri hune hunyanzvi, uye isu hatina. Kutaura zvazviri, vanhu vakawanda vane simba zvikuru vanomira kuti varasikirwe nemari yakawanda nokubvisa indasitiri yemafuta ezvicherwa.โ
Kunyangwe angangoita munhu wese pasirese ave kusangana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, maitiro aya anosiyana zvichienderana nejogirafi nehupfumi. "Nyika dzine huwandu hwepamusoro hwekusagadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze - nyika dziri panjodzi yekusagadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze, dzinenge dzese dzaimbove nyika," Athanasiou anowedzera. "Izvi zvinokuudza zvakawanda ipapo."
Alberto Acosta anoisa mhosva yacho pakolonialism. "Kutorwa kwezviwanikwa ibasa reukoloni," anodaro. โFungai kuparadzwa kweAmazon kuti murime soya beans uye kutumira mapuroteni ari muchimiro chezvokudya zvemhuka kunyika dzakapfuma zvikurusa pasi pano. Uku kuendeswa kwezviwanikwa kuGlobal North kudyisa maindasitiri maitiro kunoitwa pasina kufunga nezvemitengo kuGlobal South. Zvichakadaro, kuenda neimwe nzira kubva kuGlobal North kuenda kunyika dziri pedyo kupararira kwekurima mumwe chete, kuiswa kwemaindasitiri anosvibisa zvakanyanya, uye kuraswa kwemarara ane chepfu.โ
Ukama ihwohwo husina kuenzana hwakapfuurira kusvika kunguva yeโsimba rakachena.โ Kukurudzira kweGlobal North kuderedza kutsamira pamafuta efossil kwave kureva, Acosta inoenderera mberi ichiti, "kutamisa dambudziko kuGlobal South kuburikidza nemigodhi munyika dzine urombo yelithium nemhangura yemotokari dzemagetsi uye kuparadzwa kwemasango anogara achinaya mvura kuti awane huni dze balsa kuvaka. mamwe mapurazi emhepo.โ
Imwe kupatsanurwa, Athanasiou anonongedza, iri pakati pehuzivi hwakasiyana hwebudiriro. MuAfrica, anoti, kukakavara kwakawedzera "pakati pehurumende dzinoda kuvandudza zviwanikwa uye veruzhinji vanoda kuchengetedza zviwanikwa izvi uye kutanga chirongwa chekuparara chebudiriro inogona kuvandudzwa. Kurwisana uku kwakapinza uye kunooneka uye kwakasiyana zvikuru nezvakungadai kwakaita makore mashanu apfuura.โ
Chikero
Kuisa mabhureki pakudziya kwepasi, nyika dzakapfuma dzepasirese dzinofanirwa kudzosera hukama hwekoloni uhwu uye kupa mari inodiwa kuti nyika dzine urombo dziite shanduko kune remangwana refossil-fuel. Izvi, Meena Raman anonongedza, haisi nyaya yehunhu kana yehunhu chete. Kuzvipira kuri pamutemo.
"Chibvumirano cheUN Framework on Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol, Chibvumirano cheParis: izvi zvishandiso zvepamutemo," anotsanangura kudaro. "Global North yakazvipira zviri pamutemo kupa zviwanikwa kunyika dziri kusimukira."
Asi ndeipi mutengo weiyo shanduko uye ndedzipi nzira dzekuita shanduko iyi?
Kutanga, nyika dzakapfuma dzakaita zvisungo. Muna 2010, vakavimbisa kusvika $100 bhiriyoni pagore mukubhadhara mamiriro ekunze. "Nhamba yacho yakabviswa mungowani," Meena Raman anoshuma kudaro. "Hazvina kubva pane izvo nyika dzichiri kusimukira dzaida." Pakazosvika 2021, nyika dzakapfuma dzakati dzakaunganidza mari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi masere emadhora, asi chokwadi chimiro chaive, Oxfam inofungidzira, chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu zvakadaro. "Saka chinangwa chemabhiriyoni zana chemadhora chakachinjirwa muna 100 kusvika 2021," anoenderera mberi, achiona sezvakaitwa neOxfam kuti nyika dzakasimukira dzinotora chikwereti neinishuwarenzi sechikamu chemabhiriyoni zana aya.
Imwe nzira yekubhadhara chikwereti chemamiriro ekunze ndeye Green Climate Fund, chirongwa chakasundwa neBoka re77 uye chakavakirwa muIncheon, South Korea. "Kubva 2014, yakangounza $13.9 bhiriyoni chete, iyo ishoma kwazvo maererano nechiyero," Raman anoshuma. The Adaptation Fund, yakagadzirwa muna 2001 pasi peKyoto Protocol, yakangopa mamiriyoni mazana masere nemakumi mashanu emadhora.
Enzanisa nhamba idziโpasi pemadhora mabhiriyoni 100 pagoreโnekukura kwedambudziko racho. Maererano nomumwe mushumo wekutsvakurudza gore rapera, nyika inofanira kudaro kushandisa $5 trillion panosvika gore ra2030 munyaya dzemari yemamiriro ekunze kuti rizadzise zvinangwa zveParis panosvika gore ra2030. Asi sekutaura kunoita Raman, nhamba iyi inobva pazvikamu makumi matatu chete kubva muzana zvemitengo. Zvichakadaro, kudivi rekugadzirisa, UN Environment Programme inofungidzira muna 30 kuti $2016 kusvika $140 bhiriyoni pagore yaidiwa kubhadhara mari yekugadzirisa munyika dzichiri kusimukira (iyo yayakaisa padyo nepamusoro pemhando yepamusoro. mumushumo wayo we2021).
Nhamba idzi hadzina hanya nekurasikirwa nemitengo yekukuvadza. Maererano nokumwe kuongorora, nyika dzichiri kusimukira dzichange dzichibhadhara kune imwe nzvimbo pakati pe290 bhiriyoni nemadhora 580 bhiriyoni pagore ne2030 kubata nemhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
"Tinofanirwa kuisa chiyero chedambudziko mumamiriro akakodzera," anopedzisa Raman. โHazvisi zvekuti kushaya mari asi kuda kwezvematongerwo enyika. Mafambiro ekururamisira kwemamiriro ekunze uye kururamisira kwechikwereti kunofanirwa kuenda pamwe chete. Saka, isu tinofanirwa kutaura nezve kudzima chikwereti sechikamu chekudzosera. "
Zvikwereti zvepakutanga, zvinyorwa zveAcosta, zvaiwanzotorwa nehurumende dzinozvitonga dzakaparadza mari muhuori. Kubhadhara zvikwereti, zvakare, kwakamanikidza nyika kuti dzisangocheka zvirongwa zvevanhu chete asi kuwedzera migodhi nekuchera. Nenzira iyi, chikwereti chekunze chinotungamira zvakananga kuburitsa kabhoni.
Pamusoro pemuripo wekurasikirwa uye kukuvadzwa ndiwo mutengo wemukana unobatanidzwa nekuchengeta fossil mafuta muvhu. "Zvakadini nemuripo kunyika dzakaita seEcuador dzine mafuta ezvicherwa asi dzichiramba kutora zviwanikwa izvi?" Athanasious anobvunza. โVanoigamuchira sei? Uye vanogadzira mafuta makuru ekuMiddle East vanowana muripo wekuramba vachiburitsa mafuta avo uye yakawanda sei, uye ndiani anobhadhara? Mhosva yemuripo iwoyo yakafanana neyekurasikirwa kwenyika nekukuvadzwa here?
Mimwe mari ingasanganisira avo vanobatanidzwa nevapoteri vemamiriro ekunze vanomanikidzwa kugariswa patsva nekuti dzimba dzavo hadzichagariki. "Kunyangwe tikaona kuti chii chinofanira kubhadharwa, ndiani achabhadhara?" Athanasious anobvunza.
Ndiani Anobhadhara?
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuchaita mabhiriyoni emadhora. Nyika dzichiri kusimukira, dzakavharirwa muhukama hweneocolonial hwechikwereti uye kutsamira, haina zviwanikwa. Saka, mari ichabva kupi yekubatsira Global South kusvetuka kupinda mumashure mefossil-fuel era?
"Pane zvitatu zvinogoneka," Tom Athanasious anopa zano. "Makambani emafuta emafuta. Nyika dzakapfuma dzekuchamhembe. Kana kuti vapfumi venyika.โ
Makambani emafuta ezvipfuyo akamboita purofiti yakakura kubva mukutengesa zvigadzirwa zvakaburitsa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Zvakatoipisisa, ivo vari kuita purofiti yemhepo ikozvino nekuda kwehondo yeUkraine, iyo yakaisa zvirambidzo pahuwandu hwemafuta eRussia uye gasi inowanikwa kumisika yekuMadokero. Muchikamu chechipiri cha2022, semuenzaniso, BP "yakawana" purofiti yemadhora 8.5 bhiriyoni, yayo. chikuru kutora mumakore 14. Pakazara, maererano neInternational Energy Agency, makambani emafuta emafuta ane yakadhonzwa mumadhora mazana maviri emadhora mupurofiti mukufamba kwehondo kusvika parizvino. "Vanhu pasi rese vanoda kumanikidza mutero wemubhadharo wepasirese nekuda kwezvikonzero zvine hungwaru uye zvine hungwaru," anoenderera mberi. โUye handingaite nharo navo!โ
Chechipiri sarudzo inzira yechinyakare chikwereti chemamiriro ekunze, kuita kuti nyika dzakapfuma dzekuchamhembe dzibhadhare. "Nyika idzi sezviri pachena dzinofanirwa kubhadhara chikamu chikuru chebhiri nekuti idzo dzine mutoro mukuru wenhoroondo uye mukana mukuru wekubhadhara," anowedzera. โHongu, asi kune varombo vakawanda, varombo maererano nemwero wepasi rose, munyika dziri kuchamhembe, kusanganisira muUnited States, nyika yakapfuma kupfuura yati yamboona pasi rose. Uye kunewo vamwe vakapfuma kwazvo munyika dziri kumaodzanyemba.โ
Nemhaka yokuti pfuma haina kugovaniswa zvakatsvinda pakati pokuchamhembe nokumaodzanyemba, โzvichida inofanira kuva vanhu vakapfuma kwete nyika dzakapfuma dzinobhadhara,โ Athanasiou anokarakadza kudaro. "Iyi haisi pfungwa yekupenga sezvaungafunga, kunyanya kana iwe uchitevera Thomas Picketty nevamwe vake pamutambo. World Inequality Lab. Vanopikisa kuti inopfuura hafu yekusaenzana pasi pano yava munyika kwete pakati penyika. Saka, ko kana tikateresa utsi hwevapfumi chete muzana vehuwandu hwevanhu pasi rose pasinei nekwavanogaraโpamwero wakakwirira zvakakwana kubhadhara mutengo wose wekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kwechimbichimbi?โ
Kuongorora vanhu kwete nyika kwaizoramba kuchienderana negwara rakanaka negeography. โInenge zvikamu zvitanhatu kubva muzana zvezvinobuda muumbozha zvinobva kuChina, saka zvaizova nemugove wakaringana,โ anotsanangura kudaro. "United States, ine 6 muzana yemhepo inobuda muumbozha pasi rose, yaizova nemugove wakakura zvikuru, wakapetwa kagumi pane weChina."
Anotaura nezvebasa raOlรบfแบนฬmi O. Tรกรญwรฒ nerake bhuku richangoburwa pamusoro pekudzorera: โTรกรญwรฒ inotaura kuti tinoda nzira inovaka yekudzorera kana kuchikwereti chemamiriro ekunze, nzira inotarira mberi, inovaka nyika inotsigira kuunganidza nekushandira pamwe. Maonero akadaro haangotauri nezvechikwereti chemamiriro ekunze icho kuchamhembe kune chikwereti chekumaodzanyemba, chakakura kunyangwe zvakadaro. Inofanirawo kujekesa basa rekubhadhara vanhu vakapfuma chero kwavanogara munyika chero ipi zvayo. "
Chinonyanya kukosha, Athanasiou anopedzisa, ndechekuti "nehurumende zhinji dzichienda neo-fascist, hazvigoneke kuti tichawana makumi emamiriyoni kubva kumabhanga epakati mumakore akati wandei anotevera. Iwe haugone kungodhinda mari iyoyo. Hunofanira kubva kune vakapfuma. Zvakaoma kuti zvichaitwa sei. Asi zvakakosha zvakanyanya kuti kushandiswa kweumbozha kwevapfumi-soro kuitwe nyaya hombe papasi rino. Uye hapana nzira yekuzviita nayo kunze kwekungoripa mutero. Mutero wakadaro hauzogadzirise dambudziko racho. Asi kuti pave nepfungwa yekuti nyika yakarurama iri kuvakwa, panofanira kunge paine pfungwa yekuti vapfumi vari kudzorwa.
Dzimwe Nzira
Muna 2020, nyika mafuta efossil anotsigirwa kusvika kumari inosvika madhora matanhatu emadhora (mune rubatsiro rwakananga uye rwakajeka). Pachiyero ichocho, nyika dzeG6 dzinobuda kunze madhora 88 bhiriyoni pagore mukutsigira zvakananga, izvo ivo munguva pfupi yapfuura kuti ipere panosvika 2025. โIyi ipfuma yakaraswa,โ anodaro Meena Raman, โinogona kuendeswa kunyika dziri kusimukira kuti dzigadzirise zvose zviri zviviri dambudziko remamiriro ekunze uye dambudziko rebudiriro.โ
Chechipiri nzira yekukwidza mari, sezvambotaurwa, mitero. Pamusoro pemutero wezvinobuda muumbozha, mutero wekutengesa kwemari (inozivikanwawo seTobin tax) yakagara ichikurukurwa sejenareta yemari yekugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Mutero wakadaro wakaiswa mushanduro yakadiridzwa muEuropean Union, asi vhezheni yepasirese yakasimba inogona kubatsira kupa mari shanduko yepasi rose, sezvakataurwa naAlbert Acosta. Vanokurudzirawo kuenda kunzvimbo dzemitero, izvo zvakadhurira hurumende yakatenderedza $500-600 bhiriyoni pagore mumari yakarasika (nenyika dzine urombo dzichirasikirwa nemadhora mazana maviri emadhora emari iyoyo).
Nzira yechitatu ndeyekuti nyika dzepasi rose dzibhadhare nyika kuti dzichengete mafuta adzo ari muvhu. Acosta, uyo akagadzira danho rekuti Ecuador iunganidze mari pasi rose kuchengetedza oiri pasi peYasuni rainforest kuchengetedza, anotenda kuti โnyika dzakapfuma dzinofanira kubhadhara yakawanda kuchengetedza kuenzana kwepasi. Isu tinofanirwa kuchengetedza pasi pevhu zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvemafuta ese emafuta, angave oiri, gasi, kana marasha. Kana tikasadaro, tembiricha yepasi rose ichawedzera kupfuura muganhu we1.5-degree. โ
Imwe nzira yekudzosera zviwanikwa kumaodzanyemba ingave "yakasarudzika kodzero yekudhirowa" kana maSDR anoburitswa neIMF. Munguva yedenda, apo hupfumi hwenyika hwakanyura pamawere, IMF yakabudiswa $650 bhiriyoni muSDRs. โIvava vakaenda kunyika dzakapfuma,โ Meena Raman anoshuma kudaro. "IMF inogona kuita izvi, asi haisi kuitira nyika dzichiri kusimukira."
Mutungamiriri weBarbados, Mia Mottley, ari kuyedza kushandura mamiriro aya. Akaita akadana yekuendesazve $500 bhiriyoni yeaya maSDR kunyika iri kusimukira gore negore kuitira decarbonization. "Isu mumasangano akazvimirira tinofanira kusundirawo izvi," Raman anokurudzira.
Panguva imwecheteyo, nhamba ipi neipi ye "mhinduro dzenhema" kudambudziko remamiriro ekunze dzakataurwa. "Chenjererai ganda regirini," Alberto Acosta anoyambira. "Chenjererai misika yekabhoni uye kushandiswa kwekodzero dzevanhu."
Kuburikidza necarbon offsets, sokutsanangura kunoita Meena Raman, โunogona kuramba uchibudisa tani yekabhoni kana ukaunganidza imwe tani nokudyara miti.โ Pakupedzisira, mabhizinesi anosvibisa anoramba achishanda sekare. Hapana net decarbonization inoitika, uye imwechete yehupfumi uye simba system inoramba iripo.
โMaElites kuchamhembe, vachibatsirana nemakambani, vava kutarisa nezve geoengineering, kubviswa kwezvinobuda mumhepo kuburikidza nehunyanzvi 'mhinduro,'โ anoenderera mberi. "Tinosiya sei mhinduro dzenhema dzekuchengetedza masisitimu achiri akasimba? Miganhu yekupedzisira munharaunda dzechivanhu iye zvino yave pangozi yekutorerwa minda. Zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvemahara zvinobvumira makambani kumhan'ara hurumende nekuita chinhu chakanaka kuburikidza nevanodyara mari-nyika nzira dzekugadzirisa gakava. "
Kune rumwe rutivi, vamwe vatungamiriri vari kuuya pamberi, saGustavo Petro naFrancia Marquez muColombia. "Vatungamiri vatsva ava vari kutaura nezvemhando itsva dzekusimudzira, post-extraction uye post-fossil-fuel solutions," anowedzera. "Asi hazvisi nyore kurwira kuputsa zvivakwa uye kukumbira dzimwe nzira sekudzima chikwereti."
Kugadzira Kubatana
Kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze nemazvo, nyika dzinofanirwa kushanda pamwechete munzvimbo dzese dzakapatsanurwa: kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba, kumabvazuva nekumadokero, vapfumi nevarombo, uye avo vakapfuma mumafuta ezvicherwa uye ayo akapfuma mune inoenderera magetsi masosi. Ndiro dambudziko rakatarisana neMusangano wepagore weMapato kana maCOP, achangoburwa achangoitika muna Mbudzi 2022 muSharm al-Sheikh kuEgypt.
Izvi zvakakosha zvekushandira pamwe zvinosvikawo kumasangano akazvimirira. "Tinofanirwa kutsvaga mhinduro dzinobatanidza mafambiro edu ese kubva kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba," anokurudzira Meena Raman, "kurwisa hurongwa humwe huri kukonzera dambudziko remamiriro ekunze, dambudziko rekusaenzana, uye dambudziko rebudiriro."
Vanoenderera mberi vachiti, โTinofanira kuita hurukuro yakareba kuti tingabatanidza sei mafambiro anofambira mberi. MuGlobal South, tinogona kuita zvatinokwanisa, tinogona kuunza hurumende dzinofambira mberi pamasimba. Asi kana hurumende dzekuchamhembe dzakachengetedza nzira dzazvino, hatizove neshanduko chaiyo pano. Saka, shanduko inofanira kuuya kuchamhembe. Tinoda mafambisirwo akasimba ekubatana kuchamhembe. Mamovements aya arikushanda zvaunofarira kuchamhembe nekufarira kwedu futi. Ndiwo motto yeFriends of the Earth International: unganidza, ramba, uye shandura shanduko chaiyo.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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