CHINA SEP 19, 2013 11:16 PM
Kubva paRails: Sei Kushaikwa Kwekutarisa Kwakaparara Lac-Megantic
BY ROGER BYBEE
Vanodzima moto vanoongorora marara ari kupfungaira emutakuri akatakura mafuta asina kukora aipinda muLac-Megantic, Quebec. (François Laplante-Delagrave / AFP / Getty)
Chitima chaitiza pachakarovera mudhorobha reQuebec reLac-Megantic muna Chikunguru, chichipisa musimboti weguta nekuuraya vanhu makumi mana nevanomwe, zvinogona kunge zvakaratidza kupera kwemutsara kune vane njodzi.purofiti-yekuwedzera modhi yenjanji izvo zvafadza vakuru vakuru vemakambani nevehurumende muNorth America yose nepasi rose.
Mutsigiri mukuru weiyi laissez-faire template ye njanji-kusimudza mari uku ichideredza mari yekugadzirisa, kuramba mitemo yekuchengetedza, uye mauto ekurwisana uye vashandi vakakwana-kwave, zvakakodzera, hapana mumwe kunze Edward Burkhardt, muridzi we Montreal, Maine, uye Atlantic (MM&A) njanji ine chitima chakaparadza Lac-Megantic zhizha rino.
Burkhardt-uyo zvakare muridzi wekambani yevabereki veMM&A, Illinois Nhoroondo ye Rail World Inc., iyo inodzora njanji muUS nePoland mukuwedzera kumazana akati wandei emamaira eMM&A track muCanada-yaive piyona mukuziva mikana yekuunza purofiti yekumisa njanji yakaitwa kuti iwanikwe ne Staggers Rail Act ye1980. Chiitiko ichi chakabvumidza kuumbwa kwemakambani asiri enjanji nemakambani echitima, aikwanisa kushandisa pfungwa yekuti njanji dzaive nevaridzi "vatsva" kubvarura zvibvumirano zvemubatanidzwa.
Burkhardt aive pakati pevekutanga kuita shandisa mukana uyu mumutemo weStaggers Act kuyedza kubvisa mibatanidzwa yenjanji, izvo zvakabatsirawo kudzikisira kugadziridzwa kwenjanji uye kucheka saizi dzevashandi venjanji kusvika kushoma. Burkhardt yagara ichitsikirira vashandi vemunhu mumwechete uye zvitima zvakatungamirwa neredhiyo zvisina kurongwa.
Akatanga kushanda nesimba nzira iyi muma1980s neWisconsin Central Railroad, ichipikisa zvine hukasha kuedza kwemubatanidzwa uye kuchengetedza mari yekugadziridza iri shoma. Mushure mekutenga mamaira zviuru zviviri nemazana manomwe eSoo Line track, Burkhardt akashandisa ichangobva kuumbwa Wisconsin Central Railroad kushandisa modhi yake yekuwedzera purofiti: kurwisa mubatanidzwa, kurova saizi yevashandi uye kusvetuka pakugadzirisa njanji.
Sedzidziso dzezvinganzi "free-market fundamentalism” yakadzika midzi pakati pevatungamiriri vemakambani uye vezvenhau vepamusoro munyika inotaura Chirungu, Burkhardt akawana mikana yakawanda yekuwana mari kunyangwe mukurumbira wemakambani ake uchinetseka.
"Wisconsin Central - iyo yakatorawo mukana wekushambadzira kuti iwane mabasa enjanji munyika dzakaita seBritain, Australia neNew Zealand - yakanyura. chinyorwa chekuchengeteka chisina mubvunzo, "akadaro Philip Mattera, Research Director uye Director weCorporate Research Project pa Mabasa Akanaka Kutanga.
Asi kunyangwe njodzi dzakati wandei paWisconsin Central, pesvedzero yaBurkhardt yakaramba ichikura. Mushure mekusarudzwa se "Railroader of the Year" muna 1999 na Railway Age magazini, humambo hwake hwenjanji hwakawedzera kuwedzera pasi rose. Bhanga reWorld Bank, rinozivikanwa zvikuru nekusimudzira uye kutevedzera mitemo inosimudzira purofiti kupfuura zvinodiwa nevanhu, rakaramba richimushandisa sechipangamazano muhurongwa hwavo hwekusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika, ndokuzopedzisira nekumuzodza semukuru wezvitima zvekunze muEstonia nePoland pamwe neHonorary Consul for New. Zealand kuChicago.
Ngozi inokura
Mari yemagariro - zvese kuhutano hwenharaunda uye kumararamiro evashandi uye chengetedzo - yemhando yeBurkhardt yekudzikisa mutengo haina kufuratirwa nevaiyemura kunyangwe tsaona dzine njodzi muma1990 dzaifananidzira njodzi yeLac-Megantic. Musi waMarch 4, 1996, kuparara kwechitima chakazara peturu muWeyauwega, Wis akabatidza moto wakapfuta kwevhiki mbiri ndokumanikidza vagari vemo 3,000 XNUMX kubva mumisha yavo. Chete zviito zvemutyairi, akasunungura mota dzakatakura makemikari uye propane, zvakaita kuti moto usarambe uchiwedzera. Aive mumwe wechikwata chevarume vaviri-panguva apo makambani mazhinji enjanji, kusanganisira Wisconsin Central, aiedza nekucheka zvikwata zvevashandi kusvika kune imwe nhengo.
Gore rinotevera, kuparara muFond du Lac yakauraya vashandi vaviri apo chitima chinotakura zvinhu cheWisconsin Central chakabuda munjanji ndokurovera mufekitari.
Sekureva kwaCraig Peachy, director director weWisconsin Transportation Division ye Sheet Metal, Air, Rail & Transportation Workers Union (SMART), kushaikwa kwevashandi uye kusagadzirisa zvakanaka kwakatungamira kune tsaona dzese.
Rondedzero yaikwira yetsaona yakafambisa kunyange vamiriri veRepublican vanochengetedza. Maitiro eWisconsin Central akakurudzira Rep. Gov. Tommy Thompson kuti kusaina bhiri muna 1997 rairaira vashandi vevarume vaviri. "Ini ndinofunga waive mutemo wega wairaira vanhu vaviri munyika," Peachy akaudza Mune Zuva.
Nekudaro, mutemo wakazotongwa usiri wepamutemo nevatongi vemubatanidzwa, avo vakasarudza kuti Interstate Commerce Act yaida kuti saizi yevashandi ienzaniswe zvakaenzana mumatunhu ese.
Kuderera kweMontreal, Maine, uye Atlantic
Burkhardt's 2003 kutenga MM&A, ipapo akatarisana nematambudziko emari, akaitwa nenzira yake yakajairika: nekumanikidza. Hukama hweLocomotive Injiniya uye Varairidzi nhengo dzemubatanidzwa kugamuchira kubhadhara kuri pakati pe25 ne40 muzana. Achitaura kuti aitsvaga "kuvandudza kuchengetedzeka uye kushanda nesimba," Burkhardt akatsvagawo muna 2010 kuderedza saizi yevashandi veMM&A kubva kuvashandi vaviri kuenda kune mumwe.
Danho iri rakatungamira mugadziri wenyanzvi Jarod Briggs kusiya MM&A. Akaudza Jehovha Toronto Star, “Kana une vanhu vaviri vakakuona, unogona kubata mhosho. Zvaiva zvekucheka, kucheka, kucheka. Ungori muenzaniso wekuisa purofiti yekambani pamberi pekuchengetedza veruzhinji.
MM&A sezviri pachena yakanga isinawo vashandi venguva dzose kuti vachengetedze makwara ayo, vachivimba nemakondirakiti, SMART's James Stem akaudza. Mune Zuva.
Iyi miitiro yokuderedza mari ine nharo yakaguma nokuperevedza kune ngozi mukukotsekana. Maererano ne Toronto Globe & Mail, MM&A yakashuma dzimwe tsaona kupfuura 93% ye288 njanji diki pakati 2009 uye 2012. The tsaona paLac-Megantic ingori tsaona ichangoburwa.
Roy LaFontaine, mugadziri weLac-Megantic aigara achishandira MM&A kuita basa rekugadzirisa, akaudza vatori venhau veko kuti makwara aifanira kunge akachinjwa makore zana apfuura. LaFontaine, uyo akatambura kurasikirwa nemwanakomana wake, varoora vaviri, uye mushandi mukuputika nemoto waChikunguru, akataura zviitiko zvakaita sekudonha uye kupera kwemafuta sehumbowo hwekuti MM&A yaigara ichisiya nzira isina kukosha kwakakosha.
A full-scale Transportation Safety Board yeCanada kuongorora yezvakakonzera njodzi yeLac-Megantic iri kuitika, asi kumwe kutadza kwekugadzirisa kunoratidzika kunge kuri kukonzera. MM&A yakanga yamisa mota dzematangi makumi manomwe nembiri dzakazara neoiri padivi riri mamaira manomwe kubva kuLac-Megantic, yakabatwa munzvimbo nemabhureki emhepo elocomotive. Zvinoenderana nemutemo weMM&A, injiniya wechitima akachengeta injini ichimhanya kuti iwedzere simba remabhureki senzira yekuchengetedza uye ndokusiya chitima chisina kutarisirwa, zvakare chikamu chemaitiro eMM&A.
Asi chikamu chelocomotive pachakabatira moto, vadzimi vemoto vakazvipira pamwe nevashandi veMM&A vakadaidzwa kuchiitiko ichi vakafunga kudzima injini yelocomotive kuderedza mukana wekupararira kwemoto kana kuputika. Zvisinei, kudzima injini kwakanetesa kubata kwemabhureki. Pasina chero mushandi weMM&A asara kumashure kuti atarise mamiriro ezvinhu - zvakare mugwaro rekambani nekudzora mitengo - pakupedzisira, chitima chisina munhu chakatanga kukunguruka, chikawedzera kusimba uye chakasvika pakumhanya kwemamaira makumi matanhatu neawa payaidzika kudzika kuenda kudhorobha reLac-Megantic, akazadzwa nevanofarira Mugovera manheru.
Njodzi yakazotevera yakashandura Burkhardt kubva ngano yechitima-indasitiri kuita Canada inotungamira villain. Burkhardt kunonoka kwemazuva mana mukushanyira iyo Lac-Megantic saiti vakakatyamadza vagari vomunzvimbomo vakanga varasikirwa neshamwari nehama munharaunda yakabatana ye6,000 XNUMX. Burkhardt ipapo zvakawedzera hasha dzevanhu nokutanga kuedza kupa mhosva vadzimi vemoto vanozvipira, vozosarudza injiniya nokuda kwokuti haana kugadzika mabhureki zvakanaka pachitima chisina munhu. Muchokwadi, semutungamiri weTransportation Safety Canada akaudza NPR, hazvigoneke zvakanyanya kuti mushandisi mumwechete ndiye ane mhosva yekuparara.
Kurasikirwa kunoshamisa paLac-Megantic kwakonzera kudzoreredzwa kunotyisa nevakuru vehurumende, vezvenhau, uye mapoka evagari vachipokana nekusagadzikana kwenjanji. Kubvumirana kwevakuru kuseri kwekuwedzera purofiti, kuchengetedzwa-kudzikisa kuderedzwa kwenjanji kwakwira pamwe nemirazvo yeLac-Megantic.
Vakavhenekerawo chiedza pa bnzira yenjanji kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzine vanhu. Mafuta asina kuchena, akacheneswa "fracking" inoparadza zvakatipoteredza uye zvozotakurwa nezvitima zvenjanji muNorth America yese, yakawanikwa iine yakasarudzika yakakwira yezvinhu zvinoputika organic compounds. Chitima chakaputika muLac-Megantic chaitakura zvinhu zvinouraya izvi.
Asi zvakakonzereswa kekutanga nenjodzi yeLac-Megantic uye yakasimudzwa nekuzvikudza kwaBurkhardt, kusimudzira kwakavakira muCanada neUS yekumisikidza mwero wevashandi vaviri uye kuongororazve kuchengetedza kwechitima. Parizvino, hurumende yeCanada—inonzwira tsitsi kunyunyuta kwakapararira—yakagadza kumisa kunorambidza vashandi vemunhu mumwe muzvitima kutakura zvinhu zvinokuvadza semafuta asina kuchena. Kune chikamu chayo, iyo US Federal Railway Administration ine yakabudisa mitemo mitsva zvinoda kuti njanji dzine zvinhu zvinokuvadza dzinofanirwa kupindwa nguva dzese.
Kupfuurirazve, Mumiriri weMaine Mike Michaud, akasimba anotsigira mushandi anofambira mberi, akaisa mutemo mushure mezvinotyisa zveLac-Megantic izvo zvaizorambidza vashandi vemunhu mumwechete zvachose. Indasitiri yezvitima inopikiswa zvisingaite, ichiigadzira sedanho risingakoshi rine chinangwa chekuchengetedza mabasa pane kuvandudza kuchengetedzwa. Sezvo Burkhardt akatsanangurira kune Portland Press Herald, boka remunhu mumwechete ndizvo chaizvo yakachengeteka nokuti inobvisa kuvapo kunovhiringidza yeumwe munhu.
Mutauriri waMichaud Ed Gilman akapokana nekusimbisa kukosha kwekugadzirisa njodzi dziri pachena kuchengetedzo yeveruzhinji. "Tinotarisira kutarisa zvakanyanya kudiwa kwekuwedzera kuchengeteka," akadaro. "Ndicho chikonzero nei congressman achangobva kukumbira kunzwa nezvekuchengetedzwa kwechitima, kusanganisira kuongororwa kwenyaya dzakaita senge saizi yevashandi, dhizaini yemotokari yetangi, uye zvinodiwa neinishuwarenzi."
Vese vari vaviri Gilman naSMART's James Stem vanoona mukana werutsigiro rwe-bi-partisan kunyangwe muCongress ine polarized uko maRepublicans vakapotsa vaita zvekuda indasitiri huru. Stem akati, "Tinotarisira kuve nevabatsiri vakawanda veRepublican uye mubatsiri wekutanga Congressman Michaud ari kushandawo kuti atore maRepublican akati wandei pabhiri."
"Kuchengeteka kweveruzhinji," akaenderera mberi, "haisi nyaya yemubatanidzwa."
Mutemo wakafanana uri kuunzwa muCanada, uko Bato reNew Democratic Party riri kudaidzira vashoma vevashandi vaviri muzvitima zvinotakura zvinhu zvine njodzi, uye zuva rekupedzisira rekuregedza mota dzematangi dzeDOT-111 dzinowanzotaurwa, modhi inoshandiswa pachitima cheMM&A. Party nhengo uye Mumiriri weCanada Olivia Chow vati makanzuru anofanirwa kuzivawo nguva uye kupi zvinhu zvine njodzi zviri kufamba nechitima nemumadhorobha avo.
SeCanada's Transportation Safety Board's kuongororwa kweChikunguru 6 husiku hwekutyisa muLac-Megantic inoitika uye zvimwe zvinodzidzwa nezve maitiro eindasitiri yechitima, gakava rakanonoka kwenguva refu pamusoro pekugadzirisa kweindasitiri yechitima pamari yakawanda-pasina nezvehutano hweveruzhinji kana kuchengetedzeka kwevashandi - inozopedzisira isingadzivisike kumativi ese eUS-Canada. border.
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