Insourcing Trend Strictly A Ngano
Chifukidzo che Atlantic yaDecember inovimbisa America noushingi, kuti: “Kudzoka: Nei Ramangwana Reindasitiri Riri MuAmerica,” nemisoro yenhau yakataurwa pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu ane kupenya kunopenya kwechigadzirwa chitsva chakagadzirwa neAmerica. Yakabatana nekutaura kwakawanda kwakaitwa neMutungamiri Obama vachizivisa maitiro e "insourcing" pamwe nekuwanda kwenhau dzichangoburwa dzenhau neBloomberg News, NPR, CNBC, nevamwe vazhinji. Atlantic akaendesa kumba meseji yekuti makumi emamiriyoni evaAmerica vakanetsekana vanga vakamirira kunzwa: kugadzira uye kutsigira mhuri "yepakati-kirasi" mabasa aimboita seapera ave kudzoka kumahombekombe kwedu.
Vaya vari kuzivisa kuuya kwekutsvagisa zvinhu pamwero mukuru vanoti kuri kufambiswa nemuhoro wepamusoro wekugadzira weChina, uchikwira.
The Atlantic nyaya dzakapisa tariro mumativi ezvematongerwo enyika uye kukwira nekudzika manera ehupfumi, sezvavanosimbisa pfungwa yekuti America ichapedzisira yatanga kuve nyika, "inoburitsa zvinhu" zvakare, pane kuvimba nehupfumi hwakavakirwa pafungidziro yemari. Nehurombo, insourcing haisi inonakidza maitiro matsva. Haasi maitiro zvachose. Panzvimbo pezvo, maererano nenyanzvi yezveupfumi yenyika dzakawanda Robert Scott weEconomic Policy Institute, “zvinonyanya kushamisa.” Scott anopokana, "IKabuki theatre iyo maCEO akasiyana uye White House vari kuyedza kutengesa kune veruzhinji. Ichokwadi ndechokuti kukura kwekutengesa kunze kwakaderera zvikuru. Zvinotonyanya kukosha, zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvakakura nekukurumidza kupfuura zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva pakatanga kupora.
"Handisati ndaona humbowo hweizvi [kutsvaga] mukuita kwedu kwekutengesa. Kushaikwa kwekutengeserana kweUS [muzvinhu] kwakakwira nekukurumidza kupfuura GDP makore matatu apfuura, "kusvika $738.4 bhiriyoni muzvinhu muna 2011. Kuperevedza kwese kusanganisa masevhisi kwaive $599.9 bhiriyoni…. “Kuita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kuoma, tinopinza zvinhu zvine chekuita nekushanda kunze kwenyika izvo zvinobvisa mamiriyoni emabasa uye zvinhu kunze kwenyika zvakaita sezvigadzirwa zvepeturu nemishonga zvinonyanya kukosha uye zvinotsigira mabasa mashoma. Saka inyaya yekurasikirwa-kurasikirwa. "
Hurukuro ye "insurance maitiro" inorambwa nedata, Scott anodaro, inoratidza kuenderera mberi kwemabasa ekugadzira eUS uye kuderera kwese kwese.
Kunyangwe kuvepo kusinganzwisisike, pfungwa yekunyepedzera ine kukwezva kukuru muAmerica yose. Chris Townsend, mukuru wezvematongerwo enyika weUnited Radio Machine uye Electrical Workers (UE), mubatanidzwa wakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya ne "kudzingwa" kwemabasa eUS kudzvanyirira nyika dzine muhoro wakaderera seMexico neChina, akashamiswa nenzira. kuti iyo Atlanticzvinyorwa zvakanzwika muAmerica yose. Kubva pane op-ed nemutungamiri webapiro rekurudyi weNational Association of Manufacturers kune akawanda anofambira mberi mawebhusaiti, iyo Atlantic zvinyorwa zvaCharles Fishman naJames Fellows zvave “zvichikura zvikuru mukusvika [kwavo].”
Maitiro anorumbidzwa ne Atlantic inobata manzwiro evazhinji ekuti "mira kure" uye kusadzora hunhu hwemabhizinesi uyo ane kukakavara kwakanyanya kwaive chidimbu munhangemutange yemutungamiri wenyika ya2012. A 2010 poll (10/2/10, Wall St. Journal) yakaratidza kuti 86 muzana yevanhu vokuAmerica—vane nhamba dzinoda kuenzana pakati pemaDemocrats nemaRepublicans pamwe chete nevashandi vomuindasitiri nevakuru vakuru—vanodavira kuti kubviswa kwemabasa ndiko kunokonzera matambudziko enyika. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvakasimbisa a upfumi poll (1/23/08), inoratidza, "Tsananguro yekuderera kwehupfumi huripo kunonyanya kutaurwa nevaipindura: 'Makambani eUS anotumira mabasa mhiri kwemakungwa uko vashandi vakachipa'."
Kuvashandi, anodaro Townsend, mishumo yemabasa ari kudzokera kuAmerica inokwaziswa nechido nevanhu vakaona mamiriyoni matanhatu emabasa okugadzira zvinhu eU.S.—anenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu—achinyangarika kubvira muna 6. “Ndine chokwadi chokuti nhengo dzakawanda dzemubatanidzwa dzakanzwa nezvazvo. iyi inonzi 'insourcing' maitiro, uye pamwe sekuda zvavanonzwa - kunyangwe nekuziva zvakaderera. Ndidzo 'nhau' dzinoda kunzwiwa nemunhu wese, saka iri kuwana zvibodzwa zvakanaka."
Kune vemabhizinesi, nhaurwa yekutsvagisa hupfumi kudzoka kunosimbisa kune zvakajairwa apo kugadzirwa kwaiitwa munharaunda vachitariswa nemeso avo, apo vatengesi vaive vajaira vashandi venzvimbo uye kutora chikamu mukuvaka masimba eAmerica maindasitiri kwaive kudada. Zvakadaro, kutsvagisa mari ingano yezvematongerwo enyika yakagadzirirwa kukwezva vateereri kuti vagadzikane.
Zvakatonyanya kuipa, vimbiso yenhema yekubiridzira inotsausa nhaurirano yeruzhinji kubva kumatambudziko akatarisana nevanhu vanoshanda: kudonha kwakanyanya kwemuhoro weUS uye mararamiro ehupenyu - izvo zvinoda kudzoreredzwa kwekodzero dzekuronga mubatanidzwa dzakatsikwa-tsikwa mukusakosha nemakumi emakore ekuramba uye kutyora mutemo wevashandirwi, kugoneswa nehurumende uye vezvenhau vasina hanya.
"Kutengeserana mahara" zvibvumirano, senge NAFTA-style Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) iko zvino kutaurirana, zvinokurudzira kuwedzera kwekutsvaga kwemabasa uye kukanganisa democracy nekupa makambani simba rekuita zviito zvepamutemo zvinopesana nemitemo yakasikwa yedemocracy yehurumende dzinozvitonga.
"Ipo mwaka wesarudzo wakabata pfungwa dzemunhu wese, vakuru vakuru vehurumende nemazana matanhatu 'vanachipangamazano' vemakambani vaishanda vakavharirwa mikova kuti vapedze Trans-Pacific Partnership," anotsanangura kudaro Lori Wallach, director director wePublic Citizen's. Global Trade Watch.
“TPP izano richangoburwa neboka rimwe chetero rakatipinza muNorth America Free Trade Agreement ndokukurudzira kuwedzera kweWorld Trade Organization vokuAmerica vanotsvaka mabasa seGE neCaterpillar; mabhengi seCiti; hofori dzinodhura dzemishonga dzakaita sePfizer; oiri, gasi, nemigodhi yemarudzi akawanda akaita seChevron neExxon; uye agribusiness monopolists saCargill neMonsanto. "
TPP inotyisidzira kuwedzera kuhuwandu hwemabasa ekutsigira mhuri ari kubuda muUS, kunyanya kumarudzi ane mihoro yakaderera uko kodzero dzevashandi dzakadzvanywa uye kutariswa kwezvakatipoteredza kunofuratirwa mukudzingirira purofiti yakawanda. Nepo kukwezva kweChina kumakambani emuUS kuchiri kudzikira zvishoma, anodaro Arthur Stamoulis, director weCitizens Trade Campaign, “TPP… - kugadzira zvinokurudzira kumahombekombe kune nyika idzodzo, panguva imwe cheteyo ichideredza mihoro yeChinese nemamiriro ekushanda. "
Robert Scott weEPI, mushure mekuongorora mafambiro emakore akati wandei apfuura, anopedzisa achiti, "Mafemu emunyika dzakawanda eUS ari kuunza zvinhu zvakawanda kubva kunze kwenyika, zvinosvika makumi mana kubva muzana mumakore maviri apfuura. Mafemu aya ari kupinza zvinhu zvakachipa. Nekuwedzera uye zvakachipa zvekushandisa, vanogona kuwedzera kuburitsa kwavo pasina kuhaya yakawanda muUS Saka purofiti iri kukwira uye mihoro haisi.
"Takarasikirwa nemamiriyoni matanhatu kubva mukugadzira kubva muna 6, zvichisanganisira kuwana zviuru mazana mashanu kubva muna Ndira 1998." Mabasa arikuramba achibuda muUS Kumwe kurasikirwa kwemabasa kunokonzerwa nekutsiviwa kwezvikamu nezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa neUS nezvinhu zvinogadzirwa kunze kwenyika zvinowanzo pihwa mari nehurumende yavo. Chinhu chakakosha chinokonzerwa nemafemu eUS anogadzira mhiri kwemakungwa mumakambani ane mihoro yakaderera uye kudzosa zvigadzirwa kuUS Pakati pekutaura kwese pamusoro peChina sesimba riri kuramba richikwira mumaindasitiri, hapana kutaurwa kuti zvikamu makumi matanhatu muzana zvezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinobva kuUS kana zvimwewo. mafemu evatorwa.
The Wall Street Journal'David Wessel, achishandisa Commerce Department manhamba, akashuma (4/19/11) kuti, “Makambani epasi rose eUS anoshandisa 20 muzana yevashandi vese vekuUS, ari kuwedzera kuhaya vashandi vekumhiri kwemakungwa.
"Makambani eUnited States emarudzi akawanda, makambani makuru ane mazita emhando anoshandisa chikamu cheshanu chevashandi vese vekuAmerica, vanga vachibhadhara kunze kwenyika vachideredza kumusha, vachiwedzera gakava pamusoro pekuita kwekudyidzana kwepasi pose pahupfumi hweAmerica…. Makambani akacheka masimba avo ekushanda muUS nemamiriyoni maviri nemazana mapfumbamwe mumakore ekuma2.9 achiwedzera basa mhiri kwemakungwa nemamiriyoni maviri nemazana mana, data nyowani kubva kuUS Commerce Department inoratidza. Ndiko kuchinja kukuru kubva kuma2000, pavakawedzera mabasa kwese kwese: mamirioni 2.4 muUS uye mamirioni 1990 kunze kwenyika.”
Kunyangwe kutsvaga cheerleader Fishman anobvuma, "Nyika yakarasikirwa nemabasa efekitori kakapetwa ka7 nekukurumidza pakati pa2000 na2010 kupfuura zvayakaita pakati pa1980 na2000." Kungogadzirisa kubuda kukuru uku kwemabasa, kupenga kwazvino kwemabasa kudzoka kuUS, uko vanoda kutsvaga vanonongedza nefungidziro yebudiriro yeramangwana, inofanira kusimuka.
Nyanzvi yenguva refu yekugadzira Dan Luria, PhD yezvehupfumi akashanda kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri mukuyedza kuchengetedza uye kukurudzira kugadzira muMichigan, anoramba kukumbira sechishuwo chekushuvira chinopokana nehukasha hwekuti mafemu makuru eUS ari kuisa mari yavo kunze. iyo US Luria inotaura kuti zviziviso zvose pamusoro pekutsvaga mari zvakabva pa "anecdotes mamwe chete mana kana mashanu," ane akawanda anoratidza mihoro yakadzikiswa zvakanyanya-hachisi chikonzero chekupemberera.
Imwe neimwe ye "kubudirira" kukuru mukutsvaga kwakataurwa naFishman uye Fallows mu Atlantic zvinoita sekuputsika-kana kuti zvinoonekwa sezvisingaonekwi mukukosha-kana zvichiitwa kushoma uye kuongororwa zvakanyanya. Kungave kupemberera mugadziri wemutsara wekare seGE kuvhura mutsara mutsva wekugadzira muLouisville, hofori ichangobva kubuda senge Apple inofungidzirwa kuti iri kutungamira mamiriro akagadziridzwa kumutengesi wayo weFoxconn kuChina ichidzosa mabasa kuBay Area, kana mubatanidzwa mutsva we. varidzi vefekitori vadiki muSan Francisco, Fishman neFallows vasingafemereki vanoramba vachizivisa nezvekukurumidza kusvika-kusvika kwemaindasitiri.
Fallows, semuenzaniso, inozivisa "shanduko idzi dzinoratidza mikana iri nani yevagadziri vekuAmerica uye kukura kwemabasa eAmerica kupfuura chero imwe nguva kubva kuparadzwa kweRust Belt uye kubviswa kweboka revashandi vekuAmerica kwakasvika pakusadzivirirwa kwezera remaindasitiri epasi rose." Nekudaro, humbowo hweiyo insourcing boom inosimudzirwa nekutengesa zvine hukasha kwaFishman neFallows inobuda nekukurumidza kana yaongororwa, senge nyaya dzakaita seGeneral Electric, Master Lock, Apple, uye akakosha shamwari yake, Foxconn.
General Electric
Nhaurirano yaFishman yeshanduko yekutsvagisa mari yakavakirwa zvakanyanya pane zvaakaona nezve danho reGE rekuisa mitsara mitsva yakawanda yekugadzira panzvimbo yayo refu-moribund Appliance Park muLouisville, Kentucky. Muna 2012, "chimwe chinhu chinoshuvira uye chine tariro chatanga kuitika, chimwe chinhu chisingagone kutsanangurwa nekungodzikira kweKudzikira kukuru uye pamwe nekudzoserwa kwevashandi vachangodzingwa basa," Fishman akadaro. GE iri kushandisa madhora mazana masere emamiriyoni emadhora pamitsetse yekugadzira iyo inoburitsa maheater emvura, mafiriji emasuo echiFrench, uye "madhiri ekumberi anorodha uye anoomesa ayo maAmerican anoda. GE haisati yamboita idzo dziri muUnited States,” Fishman anotizivisa.
Maererano naFishman, kuzvipira kuAppliance Park muLouisville kunomiririra kuchinja kukuru mukufunga kweGE uye mukuru wayo ane simba guru Jeff Immelt, achiratidza kutenda patsva mukukosha kwekugadzira muAmerica. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mukuru-mukuru weGE Jack Welch akambotaura zvakashata, "Zvakanaka, ndingadai ndine chirimwa chese chandinacho pachikepe," nokudaro ndichikwanisa kukurumidza kushandisa mukana uchangoburwa wevashandi vanotambira mari shoma. Immelt, akashanda sachigaro weMutungamiri Obama weCommission on Competitiveness and Jobs, akataura humwe huzivi paakanyora mu. Harvard Business Review, kuti kubvisirwa mabasa kuri “kuchimbidza kuve nderechinyakare semuenzaniso webhizinesi weGE Appliances.” Imelt yakatsanangura padingindira iro mune op-ed (4/21/11, Washington Post): "[T] pano hapana chinhu chisingadzivisiki pamusoro pekuderera kwekukwikwidza kweAmerica kugadzira kana tikashanda pamwe chete kuidzosera," akanyora kudaro. "Semuenzaniso, takadzosa mabasa mazhinji ekugadzira midziyo yeGE kuNyika nekubatana nemasangano edu nekuita kuti mashandiro edu ashande."
Mhedzisiro yesarudzo yeGE yekudyara muLouisville saka iri kudedera kune veAmerica, maererano naFishman. “Chii chaitika? Makore mashanu chete apfuura, tisingataure makore gumi kana makumi maviri apfuura, pfungwa isina kupikiswa yehupfumi hwepasirese yaive yekuti waisakwanisa kugadzira zvakawanda kunze kwehamburger yechikafu chekukurumidza muUnited States. Iye zvino CEO weAmerica inotungamira indasitiri yekugadzira maindasitiri anoti haisi Appliance Park yasakara — ndeyekune dzimwe nyika.
Nekudaro, iyo inoshamisa inoshamisa Fishman anotadza kuyera kuita kweGE achipesana neImmelt's rhetoric. Semuenzaniso, General Electric - iyo Fishman inotaura sechiratidzo chechiitiko chekutsvaga - yakaderedza basa rayo reUnited States 15.8 muzana, kubva pa162,000 muna 2000 kusvika ku132,000 muna 2010, ichiita kuwedzera kuduku kwevashandi vekunze kune dzimwe nyika. Kubva ipapo, GE yakachinja muzinda wechikamu chemidziyo yekurapa kuenda kuChina kubva kuMilwaukee, Wisconsin suburb, ichivimbisa kuti michina yemazuva ano yekucheka ichagadzirwa uye kugadzirwa muChina ukuwo chirimwa cheWisconsin chichiregedzerwa kushandura michina yemazuva ano. kusvikira dzapera basa zvachose, anodaro Frank Emspak weYunivhesiti yeWisconsin.
Ipo Immelt anga akabatikana nekutaura nezve kukosha kwekuvakazve kugadzira kweUS, vepasi vake vanga vachiita zvaakaraira kuvhara zvidyarwa zveUS. "Gwaro rangu rekuvhara gwenzi reGE rinomira pazvidyarwa makumi matatu nemaviri zvakavharwa nekuda kwekurasikirwa nemabasa angangoita 32, kubva 4,000," anodaro Chris Townsend weEU. "GE paakasangana nerondedzero iyi, vakaramba kukurukura nezvazvo, uye kutaura-kunze-rekodhi nevashandi veGE vanoti imhaka yekuti runyorwa chairwo rwakakura kupfuura zvandakakwanisa kuunganidza."
Kubva Townsend yakatanga kutaura, kuvharwa kusere kwezvirimwa zveGE kutenderedza nyika-muChicago, Pittsburgh, Houston, Minneapolis, Charlestown, West Virginia, uye mamwe matatu muOhio- Warren, Ravenna, Newcomerstown-zvakaziviswa, zvichiunza huwandu. kusvika ku40 GE shutdowns kubvira 2008.
Kunyangwe Immelt inogona kuzivisa kuti "hapana chinhu chisingadzivisike" nezve mafemu eUS anosiya kugadzirwa kwedzimba, "zvave kubuda pachena kuti kumhanyisa purofiti kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kuvhara. Iwo mabasa kubva kune yakawanda-yakaziviswa mitsva yekugadzira mitsetse muLouisville ari kuverengerwa neakawanda mafungu ekurasikirwa kwemabasa munzvimbo dzeGE dzakatenderedza nyika.
Kudyara kweGE mumabasa ayo eUS ingori 25 muzana yemari yayo yepasi rose, Luria anonongedza. “Muna 2011, GE yakaisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni masere emadhora pasi rose, madhora mabhiriyoni maviri emadhora iwayo kuUS Gore rimwe chetero, Samsung—kambani ine hukuru hwakafanana neGE—yakaisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nemasere emadhora, kusanganisira mabhiriyoni maviri emadhora kuUS uye mabhiriyoni makumi maviri nepfumbamwe munyika mavo. .”
Zvakanyanya kuderedzwa muakaundi yaFishman imari yemuhoro yakaderera uye yemuno-yehurumende yerubatsiro iyo GE yaida isati yaisazve mari muAppliance Park. Mumaziso eUnited Electrical workers' Townsend, mibairo yakaderera paAppliance Park chikamu chekuedza kwakasimba kwakaitwa neGE nemamwe mafemu eUS ane pundutso zvakanyanya kudzikisa mihoro (ona "Hondo Yemuhoro," Z, Zvita 2012). Semuenzaniso, mihoro yekutanga mukugadzira muUS yakaderera ne50 muzana pane yayaive makore matanhatu apfuura, sekureva kweaimbova Munyori weBasa Robert Reich. Zvizere makumi mashanu nesere muzana emabasa akagadzirwa mukudzoreredza hupfumi mubhadharo pakati pemadhora manomwe nemazana matanhatu nemadhora gumi nematanhatu paawa (NY Times, 8/31/12). Nekurutivi rwayo, GE yakazivisa Townsend nevamiriri vemamwe masangano kuti ikozvino inotora madhora gumi nematatu paawa semubairo "wemakwikwi".
Nemafemu eUS ari kutendeukira kudzimwe nyika dzinotambira mari shoma kuti dziwedzere kugadzira, mari inowanikwa muUS iri kudzikira. “Yakagadziridzwa kukwira kwemitengo, mihoro chaiyo yakamira kana kuderera. Mari yakajairika yemushandi wechirume muna 2011 ($32,986) yaive yakaderera pane zvayaive muna 1968 ($33,880), sekureva kweaimbova mukuru weWorld Bank economist uye mubairo weNobel Prize Joseph Stiglitz (NYT, 1/20/13). MuLouisville, iyo GE investimendi "yaiiswa pamubhadharo wakapinza uye kuderedzwa kwemubairo: vashandi vakapihwa mutsetse mutsva wekupisa mvura vanowana isingasviki 60 muzana yevashandi veSevhisi yeUS, nyanzvi yekugadzira Luria: "Vanoda kusvika makumi mashanu muzana avo ndivo vanotambira mhuri dzavo chete ndivo vachakwanisa kuwana zvitambi zvekudya uye, zvichienderana nekukura kwemhuri, Medicaid.”
Izvi zvinosimbisa dingindira rakanyura munhaurirano pamusoro pekutsvaga mari. Nepo vanotsvaga hunyanzvi vachisimbisa kukosha kwekukwira kwemuhoro weChinese kunoderedza musiyano nevashandi vekuUS, meseji yavo yakananga inodaidzira kuti vashandi vemuUS vabvume mihoro yakaderera kuti vawedzere kudzikisa mutsauko. Luria anojekesa ichi chinetso: “Anenge nhoroondo dzose dzinofadza dzokudzosa basa pano dzinokundikana kuwana mhedziso iri pachena: kana kugadzira ‘kukadzoka’ seindasitiri inotambira mari shoma, tingaidei? ”
Pamwe chete nekugadzwa kwehurongwa hutsva hwehurombo muLouisville, GE yakacheka mibairo yevamwe vashandi panzvimbo yayo isiri yemubatanidzwa Mebane, North Carolina chirimwa ne45 muzana. "Takawana vashandi vatsva veGE vari kuhaiwa mukugadzira zvigadzirwa muNew Jersey zvakaderera semadhora masere paawa pakupera kwa8," inoshuma Townsend.
Kutyaira kweGE kudzvanyirira pasi mihoro hakuna kumbogadzirwa nepfungwa yekupererwa nezvemari. Kambani iyi yakawana purofiti inodarika mabhiriyoni gumi nemana emadhora muna 14 na2010, ichibhadhara “pa. zvikamu zviviri kubva muzana zve$80.2 bhiriyoni mupurofiti yemutero weUS mumitero inotambira mari yemubatanidzwa mumakore gumi apfuura,” maererano neCitizen for Tax Justice report (10/2/27). The Wall Street Journal yakashuma (1/4/13) kuti GE inoronga kuisa mari yakawanda yepurofiti yayo isingabhadharwi mhiri kwemakungwa: “GE yakachengeta $8.8 bhiriyoni pa'mabasa epasirese ane mutero wakaderera,' kubva muna 2009-2011, maererano ne10-K yayo yazvino. Kambani iyi yakaitawo sarudzo muna 2009 'yekudzoreredza mari yaitambira kunze kweUS'” CEO Jeffrey Immelt akatora madhora zviuru makumi maviri nerimwe nemazana mashanu nemakumi maviri nemasere emadhora muna 21,581,228. CEOPayWatch.
MasterLock
Iyo hofori, nhare-yakaita seMaster Lock fekitori mune rimwe remaguta epakati peMilwaukee ane hurombo hwakanyanya - izere nemafekitori asina vanhu uye dzimba dzakaparara - yave ichizivikanwa seimwe nyaya yekubudirira. Kunyange zvazvo GE ichionekwa naFishman nevamwe sekutevera hurongwa hutsva hwebhizinesi nekutsvaga mari, iyo Master Lock Corporation muMilwaukee yakapembererwa sefemu yakaona kukosha kwevashandi vayo vekuAmerica sezvo yakadzorera mabasa kuMilwaukee.
Mutungamiri Obama akabatanidza kupihwa kwaMaster Lock mabasa angangosvika zana - kubva pamazana masere aakange atumira kuMexico neChina - nehurongwa hwehupfumi hwevanhu hwavasiya kusvika pari zvino. Pamberi pemhomho yevanhu vangangosvika chiuru—kusanganisira vanoremekedzwa vakawanda vemuno nevashandi veMaster Lock vangangosvika mazana mana veUAW Local 100—Obama akazivisa kuti: “Milwaukee, hatisi kudzokera kuhupfumi huri kuderera nekutsvaga mabasa uye chikwereti chakashata uye purofiti yemari yemanyepo. . Tinoda hupfumi hwakavakirwa kuti hurambe huripo, hwakavakirwa pakugadzira kweAmerica, uye ruzivo rweAmerica uye simba rakagadzirwa neAmerica nehunyanzvi hwevashandi vekuAmerica, uye kuvandudzwa kwehunhu hweAmerica hwekushanda nesimba uye kutamba kwakanaka uye basa rakagovaniswa.
Asi kuda kwevaviri Master Lock naObama kubata zvine hungwaru nekutengesa kunze (izwi rakajairwa kune chero sub-kondirakiti kumafemu anobhadhara yakaderera iro rinowanzoshandiswa zvakasiyana neakanyanya "offshoring" label yekufambisa mabasa kunze kweUS). VaObama, semuenzaniso, vakati mitero yeUS kumakambani yaive pakati pepamusoro-soro pasi rose uye vakakurudzira kuderedzwa kwemitero kumakambani anodzosera mabasa kuAmerica. Chikumbiro ichi chakafuratira chokwadi chisingafadzi chekuti mazhinji emakambani makuru emunyika anotumira mabasa mhiri kwemakungwa anotobhadhara zvishoma kana kusatombobhadhara mutero wemubatanidzwa.
Humwe hupamhi hwekuzvipira kwaMaster Lock mukutsvagisa hakuna kupukunyuka New York Times ' David Firestone, uyo akati, “Zvinofadza kuti fekitari yekukiya yave kushanda yakazara nevanhu mazana mana negumi nevaviri, asi VaObama vakasiya chokwadi chakakosha: makore 412 apfuura fekitori yeMilwaukee yakapinza vashandi 15. Kupfuurirazve, panguva yekushanya kwaVaObama vachirumbidza Master Lock kuwedzera kwemabasa zana, mamwe makambani ehurumende akaenderera mberi nemabasa ekumahombekombe, nemafemu matatu eWisconsin achangobva kuzivisa nezvekuchinja kukuru kuMexico uye wechina akatyisidzira vashandi kuti vaende kuMexico kana vakaramwa mabasa. .
Apple uye Foxconn
Apple Corporation yakatsungirira kutsoropodzwa kwegore rapfuura, vamwe vachipokana kusada kugadzira basa muUS, asi ratidziro yakakura kwazvo yakabatidzwa nemamiriro anotyisa pamushandi wayo mukuru, mazana maviri nemakumi matatu ezviuru. subcontractor Foxconn, izvo zvakadzinga vashandi vakati wandei kuzviuraya. Asi Fallows inopa nhoroondo inosimbisa yemamiriro ezvinhu paFoxconn, ichiudza vaverengi kuti Apple iri kumanikidza Foxconn - iyo vashandi vanounganidza maPhones - kugadzirisa mubhadharo zvakanyanya, kurerutsira nguva yakawandisa, uye kudzoreredza mamiriro akaita sejeri anowanikwa nevashandi vanoshanda paFoxconn mitsetse yegungano. vachigara mudzimba dzayo dzokurara dzakazara vanhu.
Fallows's rose-tinted account inotarisa pane zvidiki-diki sevashandi veFoxconn vasingachadiwe kupfeka mayunifomu, uye inodzivirira chero kutaurwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha izvo zvinogadzira mamiriro emitemo yeApple. Semuenzaniso, Fallows inoregeredza kuudza vaverengi kuti Apple inogadzira purofiti yemadhora mazana mana ezviuru pamushandi pagore. Anotiudza kuti vashandi vakawedzerwa mihoro kanoverengeka uye vave kubhadharwa mari inosvika madhora maviri paawa uye havachatarisana nemaawa akawanda enguva yakawandisa.
Nekudaro, maererano nemishumo yakaunganidzwa neHong Kong-based Students and Scholars against Corporate Misbehavior (SACOM), pamwe neruzivo rwakanyorwa naIsaac Shapiro weEconomic Policy Institute, Foxconn anoenderera mberi nekutyora zviri pachena kunyangwe zvimiro zvisina kusimba zvakatemerwa neChina. mutemo. Kunyanya, dziviriro kubva pakuwedzera nguva yakawandisa .
SACOM yakapedzisa mushumo waGunyana 20, "Zvinoshungurudza kuti kunyangwe tekinoroji yakaunzwa neApple yakafambiswa sei, matambudziko ekare mumamiriro ekushanda anoramba ari kumutengesi wayo mukuru Foxconn."
Asi Fallows inoshaya hanya nechero zvakataurwa neSACOM izvo zvinokanganisa zvakawanikwa neFair Labor Standards Association izvo zvakabata veruzhinji. Zvichakadaro, vezvenhau vekuUS vazivisa danho rekugadzira mabasa makumi matatu neshanu kugadzira Apple komputa muSan Francisco, sezvakaziviswa neApple CEO Tim Cook. Nyanzvi yezvevashandi Frank Emspak inoseka, “Kuwedzera mabasa makumi matatu namashanu muSan Francisco—apo kune chikamu chimwe muzvina chemirioni chinobatanidzwa—haisi mutemo wokugadzira zvinhu.”
MaFallows anobva apinda mugwara rezvikumbiro zvinodarika zvachose hunhu hwemafemu eUS achivaka budiriro yavo pahudzvanyiriri hwevashandi, kupwanywa kwerusununguko rwevatori venhau, uye kuparadza kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvakangofanana, Fallows inofuratira mihoro iri kuderera zvakanyanya uye simba rekutenga revashandi veUS uye inobvuma pasina mubvunzo tsika yekufambisa mabasa eUS mhiri kwemakungwa.
Matsi kumatambudziko akakosha aya, Fallows inokurudzira zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa zvakawedzerwa, tisingazive kutadza kunofungidzirwa kwekudzidziswazve apo kuwanikwa kwemabasa ekutsigira mhuri kuri kudiki uye kuri kupera zvishoma nezvishoma. Anodaidzawo kuti "nhaurirano dzivhure misika" -iyo mumutauro weAmerica vehupfumi uye vezvematongerwo enyika, zvichida zvinoreva zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zveNAFTA seTPP zvinokurudzira kuchinja kwemabasa kune dzimwe nyika dzine muhoro wakaderera uye kupa vanoisa mari mukana wakasarudzika. zvine chekuita nehurumende dzegutsaruzhinji.
MaFallows, nenzira yakatsveyama, anoita seanotsigira kuti, kuitira kuti asimudzire maitiro ekufungidzira aakasika, kubviswa kwemamwe mabasa eUS kunofanirwa kukurudzirwa kuburikidza nezvimwe zvibvumirano zve "free-trade". Zvichakadaro, humbowo hwekugadzira kweAmerica "kudzoka" kwakataurwa ne AtlanticVanyori vanobva kune yakaenzana diki GE investimendi muUS yakataurwa naFishman-inoenderana nemuhoro wehurombo uye nerubatsiro rweveruzhinji-zvichipesana neyakakura kumashure kweGE inocheka basa rayo repamba nekuvaka hunyanzvi hwayo hwekugadzira mhiri kwemakungwa.
Nepo Fishman, Fallows, uye iyo Atlantic taurira vaverengi kuti kudzoreredzwa kwemaindasitiri kuri munzira nemabasa ekugadzira ari kudzoka kuUS, ivo vari kutsausa pfungwa kure nemitengo yevanhu yekuenderera mberi kwemaindasitiri kunosundwa nekuwedzera kwepurofiti. Kubuda kwemabasa uku kune mhedzisiro inoparadza kuvashandi nenharaunda.
Chris Hedges anonyora mukati Mazuva Okuparadzwa, Mazuva Okumukira, "Zvikamu zvese zvemaguta eUS, nekuda kwekugona kuendesa kunze zvigadzirwa mhiri kwemakungwa, madhorobha ane hunyanzvi. Mutengo wevanhu wekutsvagisa kwacho kwekutsvaga purofiti yakakura hauna kumbobvira waiswa mumashizha emakambani. Kana basa remujeri kana kuti raramo muChina kana India kana Vietnam zvichiita kuti vawedzere mari, kana zvichikwanisika kuhaya vashandi vekuBangladesh vanotsvaira kwemasendi makumi maviri nemaviri paawa, makambani anotevera pfungwa iyi yakaipa kusvika pakuguma kwayo.
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Roger Bybee muMilwaukee-based akasununguka munyori uye University of Illinois anoshanyira purofesa. Zvinyorwa zvake zvakabuda mukati Madhora uye Sense, ivo budiriro, nemamwe mabhuku.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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