Kangani kawakavhura dhoo refiriji, uchiongorora kuti chii chinodyiwa? Ichi chiitiko chakakurumbira uye chinoita sechisina kunaka ndechimwe chezvizhinji izvo, sekureva kweUS Director weNational Intelligence James Clapper, anogona kukurumidza kubuda sesosi yeruzivo rwunoshandiswa kutonga uye - zvine nharo - kutonga vagari nevatengi.
Chikamu chesangano rinodaidzwa kuti 'Internet Yezvinhu' (IoT), Samsung's smart-firiji uye smart-chitofu ndizvo zvigadzirwa zvichangoburwa mu 'smart-home' renji rinoedza kubatanidza zvese zvishandiso zvedu, midziyo uye. zvinhu kushandisa masensa uye ruzivo network mukati medzimba, mabhizinesi, nzvimbo dzebasa uye mota. Inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo shanduko yekombuta inotevera uye iri kufanofungidzira kuti ichabuda seindasitiri yemadhora mabhiriyoni akawanda mumakore gumi anotevera. Nekudaro, zvisingazivikanwe nevanhu vazhinji, izvi zvinhu inogona kushandurwa kuita spying devices.
'Mune ramangwana, masevhisi ehungwaru anogona kushandisa [Internet Yezvinhu] kuzivikanwa, kutarisa, kutarisa, kutsvaga nzvimbo, uye kunanga kupinza vanhu basa, kana kuwana mukana kune network kana magwaro evashandisi,' Clapper. akati mukupupura pachena kudare reSeneti rekuAmerica neChipiri.
Samsung's SmartTV yauya pasi kuongororwa neveruzhinji nekugona kwayo kuteerera kune vashandisi vari kungotaura zvavo vachiona mashoo avo avanofarira. Zvinoita sezvisina mhosva matoyi akadai saMattel's Wi-Fi-inogonesa Barbie inogona kubiwa kuva spy chidhori chinoteerera nhaurirano dzepedyo pakati pevana, zvidhori nevabereki - vasina ruzivo rwekuti zvakavanzika zvavo zviri kutyorwa. Mamaikorofoni emukati mumotokari anogonawo kushandiswa kurekodha vafambi pachivande uye kutumira hurukuro dzavo kune vechitatu.
Makambani mazhinji - anosanganisira Apple, General Electric, Nike neGoogle - ari kuisa mari mumatekinoroji anozobatanidza zvinhu zvemazuva ese kuIoT uye kugadzirisa ruzivo rwemushandisi kuburikidza nemakore masevhisi. Kuwedzera kuri kutarisirwa kukwidziridzwa kwedata rakagadzirwa nemushandisi kubva kune akawanda kwakonzera nyanzvi kunetseka kuti isu tiri kuenda kune kukwira mukuongororwa. Vezvemitemo uye vezvehungwaru vanogona kutanga kutsvaga maodha anomanikidza Samsung, Google kana vatengesi vezvimwe zvishandiso zvinetiweki kusundidzira gadziriso kana kupenengura switch yedhijitari kuti vabate kutaurirana kweambient kwechinangwa.
Aya maitiro anotevera kushushikana kwakatowedzera pamusoro pekusora kwehurumende. Muna 2013 aimbove mukondirakiti weNational Security Agency (NSA) Edward Snowden akaburitsa pachena kuti bazi reUS nevamwe varo vaiongorora zviri pamutemo vagari vemunyika nekune dzimwe nyika, kusanganisira kusora vatungamiri nemakurukota edzimwe nyika. Kubva ipapo masangano ekufunga, mapoka ekodzero dzevanhu uye vagari vepasi rose vanga vachiridza mhere pamusoro pekuunganidza kusiri pamutemo kweruzivo kuburikidza nekushungurudzwa kwakanyanya kwekuvanzika, rusununguko rwevanhu uye kodzero dzevanhu.
Mugore rapfuura, Privacy International yakaita kuongorora kwakafumurwa muUganda, Pakistan, Colombia neSingapore. Amnesty International akanyevera kuti hurumende dziri ‘kuunganidza’ mashoko emagetsi emarudzi ose uye kuti hurumende yeBritain ‘ndiyo imwe yezvikonzero zvikuru.’ Muna December, PEN International Zvinonzi kunetseka kukuru nezve‘mwero unoshamisa wekutonga kuri kuedza kushandisa zviremera zveTurkey pakukurukurirana zviri pamutemo nevoruzhinji paIndaneti.’ MuPoland, zviuru zvevagari vemo vane hanya ndirikufora pamusoro pehurumende yavo kuwedzera masimba ayo ekuongorora. Uye ikozvino Clapper anoyambira nezvekushandisa iyo IoT kuunganidza ruzivo. Vanhu vari kunetseka.
Kuongorora kunomutsa matambudziko akawanda ezvematongerwo enyika uye etsika. Pasina mvumo yepamutemo, kuongorora kunopidigura misimboti yedemocracy nemaitiro. Hurumende dzinopikisa kuti zvakanaka kuti kuchengetedzwa kwenyika kuunganidze mashoko pamusoro pevagari muchivande. Mishumo inoratidza kuti idzi hurumende dzimwe chetedzo vanoda kuwana makambani maakaundi kuitira kuchera data revatengi. Nepo vanhu vachigovana nekuzvidira kuburitsa pachena ruzivo nezve ivo, mhuri yavo neshamwari pamasocial network mazuva ese, Dhipatimendi reDziviriro reUS rine akadzidza zvakanyanya maitiro ekufurira vashandisi ava. Uye Facebook zvine nharo vakatsvaka kudzidza nzira yekudzora manzwiro evashandisi nekugadzirisa nhau dzayo.
Hurumende nemasimba emakambani zvakapararira kuburikidza nemacapillaries ekutaurirana uye ruzivo rwemichina. Iyo Internet yezvinhu ichaita kuti izvi zvipararire kuburikidza nekubatanidza kwemidziyo. Izvo zviremera zvakanyanya kudzora data kubva kune vanopa masevhisi uye masevhisi egore, ndipo panowedzera nguva dzakanaka dzehupenyu hwezuva nezuva - kubika, kutyaira, kutamba, kuzorora pamberi peTV - inova nzvimbo dzakapfuma dzekuunganidza data, kuzivisa hurumende nemakambani nezve sarudzo dzemunhu uye. nzanga-yakawanda maitiro emaitiro, kubva pagranular kusvika kune makuru. Sezvinoita tekinoroji yakawanda, njodzi dziri pakuti ichashandiswa sei. Kana vanhu vakaiswa pekutanga, data rakadaro Aizoita zivisa hurumende nemaitiro emakambani kuedza nekuona kugovewa kwakaenzana kwezviwanikwa. Mafiriji aikwanisa kutaura nevagadziri nezve madyiro echikafu, achipa ongororo iri nani pane zvinodiwa uye kugadzirisa kugadzirwa kudzivirira kutambisa. Nekudaro, muhupfumi hwemusika kushandiswa kwayo kuchave kubatsiridza makambani agara akapfuma uye kudzika masimba ehurumende. Isu ticharamba tichifuratira nzara nezvido zveavo vasingakwanise kutora chikamu mumusika wezvigadzirwa muchikamu cheInternet yezvinhu.
Ko encryption inogona kubatsira kuchengetedza ruzivo rwedu kuti risaunganidzwe mune ino mamiriro - imwe inodarika miganhu yeGeorge Orwell's Big Brother? Chokwadi, mukupindura kuvharidzira kuongororwa, vagari vakashandisa tekinoroji yekunyorera mukutaurirana kwavo. Zvichipindura kudiwa kwemusika, mamwe makambani makuru, akadai seApple, Google neFacebook, akagadzira masevhisi uye zvigadzirwa zvinogonesa kuguma-kusvika-kumagumo encryption, uko panogona kunge pasina munhu ari pakati anogona kuteerera kutaurirana kwemushandisi.
Kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwe encryption, achibatsirwa nemakambani makuru anopa sarudzo dzekufambiswa kwakachengeteka, kwanetsa vakuru vehurumende. MuUS, FBI, CIA neNSA vagara vachinyunyuta nezve dambudziko re 'kuenda kwakasviba', uko mukaha pakati pechiremera chehurumende uye kugona kwehunyanzvi hwekuunganidza ruzivo kuri kuwedzera.
mune ichangobva kuburitswa Harvard University chirevo, nyanzvi dzekuongorora uye kuchengetedzwa kwedandemutande dzinoratidza kuti kufambiswa kwemashoko kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi zvisingasviki nemasimba ehurumende. Hurumende inotya kuti 'aperture iri kuvhara' uye, kana yangovharwa, ivo vachave 'mapofu'. Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzacho hadzibvumirani, dzichitaura kuti dimikira rokuti ‘kuenda kwasviba’ ‘hariratidzi mamiriro ezvinhu aripo iye zvino nemafambiro ebudiriro yoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu.’
Sezvave zvichizivikanwa nenyanzvi, makambani mazhinji haafanire kutora matekinoroji ekunyorera. Mazhinji makambani anogona kuita mari yakaunganidzwa data kuburikidza nekutengesa yakanangwa online ekushambadzira mikana. Muchokwadi, mazhinji emabhizinesi anopa masevhisi ekutaurirana anovimba nekuwana data remushandisi kune hova dzemari uye kushanda kwechigadzirwa. Software ecosystems ine katsika kekutsemuka, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti kushandiswa kwakapararira kweiyo encryption tekinoroji kunetse. Mazhinji emakambani anopa encryption sarudzo anopawo hurumende data inogona kuongororwa kuti itariswe.
Iyo IoT ichashandura nharaunda yedu yakavakirwa uye nzvimbo yega. Kusiyana ne "kuenda kwakasviba" pamusoro pekutya kwehurumende, shanduko idzi dzinopa huwandu hwakanyanya hwekutarisa. Zvakavanzika zviri kurasika. Kuongororwa kuchapfuura (sezvazvave nazvo kwenguva yakareba) zvakaringana kuchengetedzwa kwenyika zvinangwa. Zvakadaro vazhinji vachanyengerwa nezvikumbiro zvehurumende kuti vawedzere kutariswa kuti vatidzivirire. Kunyange shanduko yeIoT ichivimbisa nyaradzo uye kureruka, isu takagadzirira here kupa hurumende nemakambani ruzivo rusingaperi rwemunhu mune inofananidzwa yekuongorora shanduko iyo inowedzera kutonga uye kutonga kwevanhu nenharaunda?
Chris Spannos ndeye Digital Editor ye New Internationalist. Twitter mubato wake ndewekuti: @cspannos
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