Kwakabva: The Progressive
Sezvo veVenezuel vakananga kuvhota muna Mbudzi uno, zviri pachena kuti zano reUnited States rekutsigira asingafarirwe, mutungamiri wekurudyi Juan Guaidó (ari pamusoro) adzokera kumashure zvakanyanya.
Mufananidzo naAlexandro Michailidis
Gore rakapera, ipapo Mumiriri Akakosha Elliott Abrams Wapikisa kuti Trump Administration yakanga "ichishanda nesimba" kubvisa mutungamiri weVenezuelan Nicolas Maduro. Iye zvino Abrams (ikozvino mumwe mukuru kuKanzuru pamusoro pehukama hwekunze), pamwe neBiden Administration, ari kukurudzira vanopikisa veVenezuel kuti vatore chikamu musarudzo dziri kuuya dzematunhu nedzemuno muna Mbudzi.
Kudzoreredzwa kweWashington kwazvino, zvisinei, hazvireve kuti vakanda mapfumo pasi kupindira mune zvemukati meVenezuela.
“Kana nhaurirano dzichitanga, kana dzikadaro, muchatsvaga chibvumirano chezvose-kana-chisina chinhu, kana kuti muchabvuma kuita zvishoma nezvishoma? Munoda kusvika papi nekuvhurazve [kwehupfumi] uku?
Hazvishamise kuti Washington yakamanikidza vanopokana neVenezuela - vachitungamirwa neanozvidaidza kuti mutungamiri Juan Guaidó uye mutungamiri anopikisa Leopoldo López - kuti. siya zvavo mutemo wemakore matatu zvekuramba sarudzo dzavanoti dzakabirirwa. Kupinda musarudzo ipiritsi rakaoma kuti vezvematongerwo enyika varimedze nekuti zvinoparadza manyepo, akarerwa nevakawanda muWashington, kuti Guaidó ndiye mutungamiri akakodzera uye kuti angori mazuva kana mavhiki kubva pakugara mumuzinda wemutungamiri wenyika.
Kurambwa kwechokwadi kwaMaduro kunotangira kutanga kwa2015 apo Obama Administration. Wapikisa Venezuela kutyisidzira kuchengetedzeka kwenyika yeUS. Chirevo ichi chakagadzira danho raTrump zvirango zvakakomba, yakagadzirirwa kutyisidzira makambani epasi rose kuti abvise hukama neVenezuela. Francisco Rodríguez, nyanzvi yezvehupfumi yekuVenezuela aimbove neBank of America uye chipangamazano anopikisa anopikisa, akawedzera kuti dai pasina zvirango kugadzirwa kwemafuta mudunhu rinopa goho reOrinoco River ringadai rakaitwa. katatu kana kashanu mukuru gore rino.
Sarudzo dzaMbudzi, bato rePopular Will, rakavambwa naLópez, richakwikwidza musarudzo dzemubatanidzwa pakati pemapato makuru anopikisa munyika. Mazhinji emapato madiki ane mwero ari kukwikwidzawo vavhoti vakashoropodza zvirango, uye kusiyana neMudaviro Kuda nevabatsiri vayo, vanobvuma kuve pamutemo kwaMaduro. Kupatsanuka kwevanopikisa kunowedzera mukana wekuti Maduro's United Socialist Party iwane kuwanda pasarudzo.
Imwe sarudzo ichangopfuura yakaisa mukurumbira webato resocialist pa34 muzana, zvichienzaniswa ne13 muzana yeKuda Kunodiwa nevamwe vanopikisa vasanganiswa. (Muongorori wevanopikisa Luis Vicente León, zvakasiyana, anoti bato resocialist riripo 20 kune 25 muzana) Pasinei nekutungamira kwebato resocialist, "chiitiko cheNicaragua" (uko maNicaragua vakavhotera maSandinista kubuda pachigaro muna 1990 nekuda kwekutya kuenderera mberi kwemhirizhonga inosimudzirwa neUS uye zvirango zvehupfumi) zvinogona kubatsira vanopikisa.
Chaizvoizvo hapana chakachinja kubva Mutungamiri Joe Biden atora chigaro muna 2020, Maduro munguva pfupi yapfuura. "Hapana kana chiratidzo chimwe chete chakanaka," Maduro akachema-chema, kunyangwe akaziva kuti vamwe vakuru veDhipatimendi reHurumende "vanobvumirana nenhaurirano yezvematongerwo enyika pakati peVeVenezuela."
Zvakangodaro, mutemo waBiden unosiyana nezano raTrump rekukurudzira mhirizhonga yemauto nekutyisidzira kupindira kwemauto. Nekudaro, kunyangwe nzira iyi, iyo Panam Post akacherekedza kuti Biden Administration yagara ichirerutsa kukosha kweVenezuela uye "yakatendeudzira ziso rayo kuNicaragua," uko tarisiro yekuchinja kwehutongi inopenya.
Shanduko chaiyo muna 2021 yanga iri mukukurudzira kweMaduro kuenda accommodate US zvido zvehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika, kusiyana nekuchinja kwehutongi. Mazuva mushure mesarudzo dzeUS dza2020, Abrams akakurudzira kuna Biden kuti haachashandisi zvirango senzira yekuchinja hurumende kurwisa Venezuela. Pane kudaro, iyo nzira nyowani inopa kugadzirisa kana kusimudza masanctions mukudzorera kubvumidzwa kubva kuMaduro.
Maduro, muhurukuro na Bloomberg, airatidza kuti aiziva kutamba mutambo wacho. "Mabhondi vanoziva zvinokwanisika kuisa mari muVenezuela," akadaro, "chero bedzi kutambudzwa uku uye zvirango zvisipo."
Mukupindura, Bloomberg mutori wenhau Erik Schatzker akabvunza, “Kana nhaurirano dzichitanga, kana dzikadaro, muchatsvaga here chibvumirano chezvose-kana-chisina, kana kuti muchagamuchira hurongwa zvishoma nezvishoma? Munoda kusvika papi nekuvhurazve [kwehupfumi] uku?
Maitiro eWashington anoratidza kuti mutemo wakanangana neVenezuela hauna kumbobvira wataura nezve democracy. Kumanikidza kuwana zvibvumirano zvezvido zvekambani yeUS hazvina kumbofanana nekusimudzira zvinangwa zvegutsaruzhinji.
Zvirango zveUS zvakakanganisa hupfumi hweVenezuela nevanhu.
Carlos Ron, mutevedzeri wegurukota rezvekunze kweVenezuela kuNorth America, anoudza The Progressive kuti, kunyangwe yakamisikidzwa neWashington, "haina kumbobvira yave nekunetsekana chaiko nezvedemocracy yeVenezuela uye akaedza kukanganisa uye kudzinga maitiro ese esarudzo kubva Mutungamiri Chavez. "
Kushushikana kuti Biden abvise zvirango, zvibvumirano zvaMaduro zvakarerekera kudivi reParumbira Will bato. Muna Chikunguru, Maduro akaburitsa Popular Will's Freddy Guevara, vachipomerwa mhosva yekukonzera mhirizhonga, kubva mujeri. Hazvishamisi kuti zvakanga zvakadaro Guaidó avo vakadoma chikwata chevanopikisa chiri munhaurirano dziri kuitwa nehurumende yeVenezuela muMexico.
Mutauriri weWhite House Ned Mutengo yakazivisa kuti Washington "icharerutsa zvirango" kana paine "kufambira mberi kwakakosha" munhaurirano pakati paMaduro nevanopikisa. Saizvozvowo, Abrams inokurudzira "kudzoreredzwa kwezvirango kana chibvumirano chekushandisa imwe midziyo yakaomeswa nechando kune hutano nezvinangwa zvinoenderana," zvichienderana nemvumo iyo Maduro anoda kupa.
Sezvakangoitwa nehutungamiriri hwekutengesa bhiza nzira yekuwana chibvumirano chehupfumi, zano rayo rezvematongerwo enyika richifarira vatungamiriri vari kurudyi rinoita kuti zviome kuita nyaya yekuti demokrasi ndeye, kana kuti yakambove, mutambo weWashington kana anouya kuVenezuela.
Washington's binary rhetoric inopinza vanhu vakanaka kune vakaipa yaizogonesa chero munhu kuti sarudzo muna Mbudzi iri pakati paMaduro naGuaidó. Achizadzisa chipfeko cheWashington, "murume wedu kuCaracas," Guaidó anofungidzirwa kuti ndiye mutauriri mukuru wevanopikisa, ukuwo Popular Will achifungidzirwa kuva bato guru rinopikisa.
Chinzvimbo ichi chinonyepa Kusadiwa kwaGuaidó muVenezuela uye chokwadi chekuti Kuda Kwakakurumbira ibato diki pamucheto weanopikisa. Chokwadi, mabatirwo akasarudzika akapihwa Guaidó nebato rake neWashington akakuvadza vanopikisa vese, nechikonzero chekuti mamwe mapato anopikisa hurumende nevatungamiriri vane kuvimbika kukuru mukati meVenezuela.
Kukwikwidzana kuripo pakati peMudaviro Kuda nevabatsiri vayo vepedyo kupinda musarudzo dzemusi wa21 Mbudzi inongova muromo wechando. Kubva musi waSeptember 6, kwakanga kune 70,244 vanoda kukwikwidza — ruzhinji rwavo rwunopikisa hurumende — vachikwikwidza zvinzvimbo zviuru zvitatu nemazana masere nevaviri. Kunyange mapato mana makuru anosanganisira Popular Will akabatana mumubatanidzwa wesarudzo, mamwe mapoka anovapomera mhosva yekutadza kwavo kuchinja hutongi vachitungamirwa neWashington.
Muongorori wesarudzo wevanopikisa Luis Vicente León anofanotaura kuti vanhu havazorovi 50 kuna 60 muzana, pasinei zvapo netarisiro yenyika nomunyika yose iyo aya makwikwi akagamuchira. Maererano naLeón, chinetso chevanopikisa kupatsanuka kwazvo uye idi rokuti, pane dzimwe nguva, rinotungamirira “vanokwikwidza vasingamiriri, vanosvika panzvimbo yacho nemhaka yechibvumirano chezvematongerwe enyika.”
Zvirango zveUS zvakakanganisa hupfumi hweVenezuela nevanhu. Zvingave sei neimwe nzira kana kwezana ramakore Venezuela yanga ichitsamira pakutengesa kunze kweoiri iyo yave kuvharwa nezvirango kune chero femu chero kupi zvako munyika inoshinga kutenga chigadzirwa.
Pamberi pezvematongerwo enyika, mutemo weUS wakanangana neVenezuela wakakanganisawo: inowedzera kupolarization nekurasikirwa kwepakati pevanopikisa vanopikisa pamwe nevatsoropodzi vaMaduro kuruboshwe. Vane mwero, vachipesana neKuda Kwakakurumbira, vanonyanya kuenderana nezvinonetsa veVenezuela; vanopikisa sanctions uye kufarira kutarisisa mhinduro kumatambudziko ehupfumi pane kushanduka kwehutongi.
Dambudziko guru revanopikisa richange richibuda musarudzo muna Mbudzi. Iyo yakafanotaurwa makumi mashanu muzana yekuramba muna Mbudzi inoratidza kurambwa kwakapararira kweboka rose rezvematongerwo enyika pakati pevavhoti. Sezvineiwo, hafu yenyika inopomera hurumende mhosva iri kukonzera matambudziko ehupfumi hwenyika, pamwe nekupa mhosva vanopikisa nekutadza kuronga hurongwa hweWashington.
Mumakore matatu apfuura, mapato makuru emapato anopikisa akatora mbiri nekuda kwehuwandu hwekurega kuvhota musarudzo dzeVenezuela, kudai kuti avo vasina kuvhota vaive "vakanyarara vazhinji” avo vakanzwira tsitsi chikonzero chavo. Sezvo mapato mamwe chete aya asarudza kupinda musarudzo, huwandu hunotarisirwa kuti vanhu vasavhote musarudzo dzemuna Mbudzi hunoratidza pachena kuti vane rutsigiro rwakanyanya.
Kana zviri izvo chaizvo, kutadza kwekodzero yeVeVenezuela kuwana ruzhinji pakati pevavhoti vanokodzera kunoratidza hupenzi hwekuenderera mberi kweWashington kucherekedza Juan Guaidó semutungamiri wechokwadi weVenezuela.
Steve Ellner purofesa akarega basa weVenezuela Universidad de Oriente uye parizvino Associate Managing Mharidzo weLatin America Perspectives.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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1 komenda
Tese tinofanira kuziva kuti pane chinangwa chikuru chemutemo weUS, ita chero chinhu kubatsira hurumende yeUS, mauto, uye zvido zvemakambani. Uye, kunyangwe munguva iyo mafuta ezvicherwa ari kuparadza pasi, Venezuela ichiri saiti yezviwanikwa zvepetroleum zvakakura izvo zvinodiwa neUS zvinotsvaga kutonga.
Gregory Wilpert, mumwe wevanoziva zvikurusa pamusoro peLatin America, akanyora bhuku rine musoro unoti “Changing Venezuela by Taking Power.” Yakabudiswa muna 2007, isingasviki makore gumi muhutungamiri hwaHugo Chavez, uye Chavez akafa muna 2003, zvakawanda zvakaitika kubva ipapo. Zvakadaro, ibhuku rakanakisa kuyedza kunzwisisa kuti ndezvipi zvakaedza kushandura Venezuela kubva pane zvatingadaidza kuti stereotypical Latin America oligarchy kuenda kunyika ine chinangwa chekuita demokrasi inobatanidzwa, kusimudza mamirioni kubva muhurombo hwakaipisisa uye kushandura ese Latin America pachayo. . Ehe, US yaipikisa zvachose chero shanduko dzakadai, sezvaichiri kuita, uye kuburikidza nemakore ezvirango zvinodzvinyirira zvakatsvaga kuparadza nyika, pakati pezvimwe zviito nemitemo.
Ndakatsvaga kunzwisisa Venezuela ndichigara muLatin America kwemakore mazhinji uye ndichigara muUS. Hapana basa riri nyore kutaura zvishoma. Vazhinji vanogona kufunga nezveVenezuela senyika inoratidzwa mushanduro yaTom Clancy iyo inonyatso kukanganisa uye dhimoni chokwadi-Clancy anoyemura-rekurudyi anoyemura Reagan uye musori-mutori wenhau wemauto.
Nekutyisa kwemitemo yeUS, inotaurira zvakawanda kuziva kuti kutsigirwa kwayo neGuiadó nemamwe vatsigiri vakafanana veUS, haina kufarirwa zvisinei nekuti vanhu veVenezuela vanotambura zvakadii. Zvakawanda zvekutaura, asi kwete pano.