Mukupindura kurwiswa kwakaitwa vanhu veGaza neIsrael mukutanga kwaGumiguru, bato reYemen reHouthi, Ansar Allah, rakatanga kurwisa zvikepe zvekutengesa mukati nekutenderedza Gungwa Dzvuku. VaHouthis vakati kurwiswa kwacho kwakanangana nengarava dzakabatana neIsrael kana dzakasungwa neIsrael uye dzichaenderera mberi kusvika pave nekumisa kurwa muGaza. Zvichakadaro, kudzvanywa kweiyi nzira yakakosha yekutengeserana kuri kukanganisa hupfumi hwenyika sezvo ngarava dziri kuendeswa kune nzira dzinodhura.
Musi wa11 Ndira, South Africa yakaendesa nyaya yayo yekunyora kuurayiwa kwevaIsraeri muGaza kudare reInternational Court of Justice. Zuva rakatevera, US neUK dzakarwisa nzvimbo dze28 muYemen. Tomahawk cruise missiles zvakatangwa kubva kune ballistic missile submarine yakauraya vaYemeni vashanu uye vakakuvadza vatanhatu. Mazuva mana gare gare, US yakapfura imwe chombo chechikepe muYemen.
IUS neBritain vakaita kurwisa kukuru kwendege kurwisa nzvimbo dze12 muYemen muna Ndira 22. Kurova uku kwaive kwechisere mukati memavhiki maviri uye "kwakaratidza kuti hutungamiriri hweBiden hunotarisira kubhata uye, parizvino, kuvhura-kupera. mushandirapamwe wekurwisa boka rinotsigirwa neIran iro rakanganisa kufamba munzira dzakakosha dzegungwa dzepasirese, "maererano akadaro The New York Times.
Mushandirapamwe wekubhomba weUS-UK muYemen, nerutsigiro rwezvinhu kubva kuAustralia, Canada, Bahrain neNetherlands, urikuchidzira moto wemhirizhonga iri kuitika munharaunda yatoshatirwa nekupondwa kweIsrael. "Kurwisa kusingadzoreki kweIsrael paGaza Strip kwave kutanga kuisa Middle East mugakava redunhu," Murtaza Hussain. akanyora at The Intercept.
Musi wa8 Gumiguru, zuva rakatevera kurwiswa kwakatungamirwa neHamas kuIsrael, United States yakatumira mutakuri wendege mudunhu, achiteverwa nevaparadzi vaviri uye armada yezvikepe zvehondo kubva kunyika gumi.
"Nechisarudzo chayo chekurwisa, hutongi hweBiden hunoratidzika kunge hwakazvivhurira kune geopolitical checkmate neHouthis," Hussain akadaro. "Kuwedzera kurova kwevapanduki kungangounza kukanganisa kwakawanda kwekutakura - kungave kusingagone kudzikisira mhedzisiro yehupfumi - uye nenjodzi yehondo yedunhu."
United States yakati yakatanga kurwiswa neYemen "kuderedza kugona kwevapanduki veHouthi." Asi "makore ekubhomba kweSaudi akanyanya kutsigirwa neUS akatadza kuparadza mauto eHouthi, uye mushandirapamwe uyu uchatadzawo kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvakataurwa," Phyllis Bennis. akanyora at MuNguva idzi. "Hazvishamise kuti hapana chimwe chezviito zvemauto zveWashington zviri kushanda kumisa kurwiswa muGungwa Dzvuku. Asi, vari kuwedzera zvine ngozi mamiriro ezvinhu atonetsa.”
Mutori wenhau paakabvunza Biden kunze kweWhite House kana US-UK airstrikes muYemen yanga "ichishanda," iye. akapindura, “Zvakanaka, kana muchiti ‘kushanda,’ vari kumisa vaHouthi here? Kwete. Vachaenderera mberi here? Ehe."
Zvakare, iyo US-UK bhomba yeYemen inotyora ese ari maviri United Nations Charter uye US War Powers Resolution.
US Tsigiro yeHondo yeSaudi muYemen Yakapihwa kune Dambudziko reHumanitarian
Muna 2014, pakave nekukakavadzana pakati peYemen neHouthis iyo yakava hondo yevagari vemo nekupindira kwemauto eSaudi Arabia muna 2015. Vakashonga nezvombo uye kutsigirwa kwemauto kubva kuUnited States, mubatanidzwa unotungamirirwa neSaudi wakasimudza mhirizhonga dzisingasaruri, dzakananga. zvose zviri zviviri nzvimbo dzevarwi nedzechiuto. Yakanga ichinzi dambudziko rakaipisisa revanhu pasi rose - kusvika kuurayiwa kweIsrael kwapfuura.
"VaSaudi pavakatanga bhomba, vakazviita nerutsigiro rwakakwana nekubatana, uye vamwe vangati kunyangwe hutungamiriri, hweUnited States," Shireen Al-Adeimi, Mubatsiri Muzvinafundo kuMichigan State University uye nyanzvi yeYemen, akadaro. Mamireniyumu Ari Kuuraya Capitalism Rarama! Kubva 2015-2022, pakati pe70 muzana uye 80 muzana yezvombo zvakashandiswa neSaudis zvakapihwa neUnited States.
Barack Obama akapa maSaudis ne-in-ndege refueling uye nehungwaru hwehungwaru pamushandirapamwe wayo wekubhomba. IUS yakatsigira kurambidzwa kwemhepo negungwa kuendeswa kwechikafu, zvekurapa uye zvikamu zvinotsiva kuHouthis, uye mubatanidzwa unotungamirwa neSaudi wakatadzisa kupihwa kwerubatsiro kubva kuUN neNGO masosi. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nenzara yekugadzira iyo yakanyanya kukanganisa vana. VaObama vakawedzerawo kutengesa zvombo kuSaudi Arabia kuti vape hondo yavo paHouthis.
Sangano reUnited Nations Development Program Inofungidzirwa kuti pakazopera 2021, vanopfuura 377,000 Yemenis vakanga vafa nekuda kwehondo, kusanganisira kubva mukushayikwa kwekuwana chikafu, mvura uye hutano hwehutano. Vanopfuura 150,000 vevakafa vakanga mhedzisiro yakananga yehondo, iyo yaisanganisira 15,000 vanhu vakakuvara, vazhinji vakaurayiwa neSaudi inotungamirwa nemubatanidzwa wemhepo.
Saudi Arabia neHouthis dzave pedyo nekusaina chibvumirano cherunyararo. Musi waNdira 11, mutauri mukuru weHouthis akati kurwisa kwayo ngarava dzezvokutengeserana muGungwa Dzvuku hakuzotyisidziri hurukuro dzayo dzorugare neSaudi Arabia. VaHouthis vanopomera hondo yeIsrael paGaza nekuwedzera kurwisana kwematunhu.
Muna Ndira 2021, paakanga achisiya chigaro, Donald Trump akadoma bato reHouthi se "sangano remagandanga." Gare gare gore iroro, hutongi hweBiden hwakabvisa maHouthis kubva kune Kunze Kwemagandanga Organisation (FTO) rondedzero. Asi muna Ndira 17, Dhipatimendi reHurumende reUS rakasarudza Houthis seboka Rakarongedzerwa Rakarongedzerwa Global Terrorist. Kunyangwe zita idzva rine mitemo isina kuomesesa kupfuura rondedzero yeFTO, inoisa bato reHouthi kuzvirango zvezvematongerwo enyika nezvehupfumi.
Vezvenhau vekuMadokero vanowanzotaura kuti maHouthis mumiriri weIran. "Chirevo chinozivikanwa chekuti maHouthis anoshanda semumiriri wehutongi hwemullah muTehran manyepo. Nhoroondo, pakange pasina hukama pakati peHouthis neIran - zvechiuto, zvematongerwo enyika, zvehupfumi kana zvepfungwa, "Michael Brenner. akanyora at Scherpost.
Mukubatana kwazvino pakati peIran neHouthis, Iran iri kupa zvombo mukutsinhana neHouthis 'kurwa neSaudi Arabia. MaHouthis, zvisinei, "anoshanda aine rusununguko rwezvematongerwo enyika," Hussain akadaro mukati The Intercept, achitaura mashoko aHisham Al-Omeisy, chipangamazano mukuru kuYemen neEuropean Institute of Peace, uyo akati, “[VaHouthi] vane mafungiro avo, hurongwa, uye pfungwa dzavo.”
Kutyorwa kweUN Charter
Kurwisa kweUS-UK kuYemen kunotyora UN Charter, inova chikamu chemutemo weUS pasi peSupremacy Clause yeBumbiro. Gwaro iri rinoda kuti kusawirirana kwenyika dzese kugadziriswe murunyararo. Inorambidza nyika kushandisa mauto kurwisa imwe nyika, kunze kwekuzvidzivirira kana nemvumo yeSecurity Council. Hapana kana chimwe chezvisizvo izvi chinoshanda pano kubvumira kuramwa kweUS-UK zviri pamutemo.
Musi wa10 Ndira, Kanzuru yakapfuura Kugadziriswa 2722, izvo zvinodaidzira kuti maHouthis amise kurwiswa kwese kwezvikepe zvevatengesi nevekutengesa. Kunyange zvazvo sarudzo ichiti "kodzero yeNyika dzeNhengo, maererano nemutemo wepasi rose, kudzivirira ngarava dzavo kubva pakurwiswa," haibvumiri US neUnited States kubhomba Yemen.
Zviito zvekuzvidzivirira pasi peChisungo 51 cheUN Charter zvinongoitwa chete mukupindura kurwiswa kwakaitwa nyika neimwe nyika. MaHouthi haaumbe nyika, kana nyika ino zivikanwa neUS yeYemen haina kuregerera kurwiswa kweHouthi. Nekudaro, maHouthis haana kukwira "kurwisa nezvombo" kuUnited States izvo zvaizokonzera kodzero yeChisungo 51 kuzvidzivirira.
Kutyorwa kweHondo Yemasimba Kugadziriswa
Kurova kweUS-UK kunotyorawo US War Powers Resolution. Bumbiro remutemo rinojekesa kuti Congress chete ndiyo ine simba rekuzivisa hondo, izvo zvayasina kuita Biden asati akwidza mushandirapamwe wake wekubhomba muYemen.
Pasi peWar Powers Resolution (WPR), yakaitwa mushure meHondo yeVietnam, mutungamiri wenyika anogona kuunza Mauto eUS muhondo kana hutsinye hwava pedyo muzviitiko zvitatu chete:
Kutanga, mutungamiri wenyika anogona kuzviita kana Congress yazivisa hondo, izvo zvisati zvaitika kubva Hondo Yenyika II. Chechipiri, mutungamiri wenyika anogona kuzviita "munjodzi yenyika yakagadzirwa nekurwiswa kweUnited States, nharaunda dzayo kana pfuma, kana mauto ayo" - mamiriro asina kuitika munyaya iyi. Uye chechitatu, mutungamiri anogona kuzviita kana paine "chaiyo mvumo yemutemo" (munyaya iyi hapana).
Musi waNdira 12, Biden yakatumira tsamba kuCongress pasi peWPR. Akanyora kuti US neUK dzakatanga "kurova kwakasarudzika kurwisa zvivakwa muYemen izvo zvinofambisa kurwiswa kwevarwi veHouthi mudunhu reGungwa Dzvuku." Kunyangwe hazvo Biden akadaidza Security Council Resolution 2722, gadziriso iyi haibvumidze US-UK airstrikes paYemen.
Biden akataurawo kodzero yekuzvarwa yekuzvidzivirira muChinyorwa 51 cheUN Charter. Kwete chete kuzvidzivirira hakushande nekuti maHouthi haisi nyika, kurova kweUS-UK hakuna kana kuzvidzivirira. Aimbova Congressman Justin Amash tweeted, “tinoziva kubva mukutaura kweWhite House pachayo kuti kuramwa mabasa kweUS kwakatanga nguva pfupi yapfuura kwaisava kuzvidzivirira. Kuramwa mabasa kwacho kwakanyeverwa pachine nguva uye kwaida kumisa, kwete kumisa kurwisa kuri kuuya. "
Kuunza "mauto eUS achipinda munzira inokuvadza, senge muGungwa Dzvuku, uyezve [kushandisa] kurwiswa kunoonekwa kumauto eUS mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro sechikonzero chekushandisa simba pasina mvumo yeCongress" inofanana ne "bootstrapping kudzivirira kweUS. masimba amakaisa munzira inokuvadza sechikonzero chokushandisa mauto,” Isabela Dias akanyora at Amai Jones.
WPR inoda kuti mutungamiri wenyika ataure kuCongress mukati memaawa makumi mana nemasere ekutanga kushandiswa kwemauto uye kuti amise kurwisana kunze kwekunge Congress yabvumidza kuti kurwisana kupfuurire mukati memazuva makumi matanhatu, izvo zvaasina kuita. Vese veDemocratic and Republican veparamende vane akashora Biden yekutangisa airstrikes muYemen pasina mvumo yeCongress.
Kunyangwe iyo US yakatanga vachishandisa mauto kurwisa Houthis muna Gumiguru, Biden haana kuraira Congress zviri pamutemo kusvika Ndira 12.
Kupedza Kupondwa kweIsrael muGaza Ndiyo Kiyi yekupedza Mhirizhonga Yedunhu
Kiyi yekudzivirira hondo yedunhu rese kupera kwekupondwa kweIsrael muGaza.
Imwe nzira inotyisa kufunga. Kuenderera mberi kurwiswa kwendege kuYemen kuchatungamira ku "kukakavadzana kuri kuwedzera kunosimbisa de facto Houthi blockade uye kusimudza mukana wekuti kukakavara kuwedzere muhondo yedunhu yakazara," Trita Parsi, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weQuincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft, akanyora mubhuku rakasununguka in NGUVA Magazini.
Parsi zvakare akapokana kuti kumisa kurwa muGaza ndiyo nzira yakanakisa yekumisa kurwiswa muGungwa Dzvuku. “Kuregedza kurwa kunobvira zvikuru kuderedza kurwiswa kwemauto eHouthi neIraqi; kuderedza kukakavara pamuganhu weIsrael-Lebhanon, uko nguva dzose kuchinjana kwemoto kwave kuchiitika; kuchengetedza kusunungurwa kwe Vatapwa veIsrael inobatwa neHamas; uye, zvinotokosha kupfuura zvose, kumisa kumwe kuurayiwa kwevanhu muGaza,” akanyora kudaro.
"Kutsamwa kuUS kunoratidzika kunge kuri kukura mudunhu, sezvo hutongi hweBiden huchiita kunge huri kuisa hupfumi hwenyika pamusoro pehupenyu hwePalestine mukurova kwavo maHouthis," Hussain. akacherechedza in The Intercept.
"Mafungiro emunharaunda ndeyekuti apo ropa rePalestine rakanga richideurwa mwedzi mitatu yapfuura, hapana ainetseka, asi apo zvido zvehupfumi zvekuMadokero zvakatyisidzirwa, vakabva vaita," nyanzvi yeYemen Hisham Al-Omeisy. akati. "Iyi meseji inoenderana neHouthi rhetoric uye iri kurira zvakanyanya mudunhu,"
Oman, mubatsiri wepedyo weUS anoyananisa pakati peHouthis nemapato epasi rose, anotya kuti kurova kwendege kunotungamirwa neUS hakuzokanganisa maHouthis asi kuchawedzera kusawirirana mudunhu. "Hazvigoneke kuti tisashore kuti nyika yakabatana yakapinda muchiuto ichi, ukuwo Israel iri kuenderera mberi nekudarika miganhu yese mukubhomba kwayo, hondo ine hutsinye nekukomba Gaza pasina mhedzisiro," akadaro Oman's Foreign Ministry. statement.
Hukama hweJorodhani hwekuchengetedza neIsrael hwave huchiwedzera kunetsana kubva pakutanga kwehondo iripo paPalestine muGaza muna Gumiguru. Ayman al-Safadi, gurukota rezvekunze kweJorodhani, akapomera Israeri ye "kusundira dunhu rose kuhondo dzakawanda nekuenderera mberi nehutsinye hwayo paGaza uye kuyedza kuvhura mativi matsva nekukwevera Madokero mavari."
Musi waNdira 4, Safadi zvakaziviswa kuti nyika yavo inotsigira nyaya yeSouth Africa yekupondwa kweIsrael muICJ uye vakati Jordan ichaita kupindira kwemutemo panyaya iyi.
"Kukurumidzira kutaurirana kunodiwa [kumisa kurwiswa muGungwa Dzvuku]. Uye kupedza kurwiswa kweIsrael paGaza kunoramba kuri musimboti wekuyedza kudzikamisa mhirizhonga yedunhu iri kupararira,” Phyllis Bennis akanyora mu. Mune Zuva. "Hapana mhinduro yemauto pakukwira kwemauto kuMiddle East: diplomacy inodiwa. Uye zvinofanirwa kutanga nekumisa moto muGaza izvozvi. "
Hurumende yeUS iri kuwedzera njodzi yehondo yedunhu nekubhomba Yemen. Panzvimbo pekupa rutsigiro rwemauto, ehupfumi, ezvematongerwo enyika uye ezvematongerwo enyika pakupondwa kweIsrael, manejimendi eBiden anofanirwa kumanikidza kumisa mhirizhonga muGaza.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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