Anoda kusvika makore makumi maviri nemana apfuura, nhengo shanu dzekurudyi dzeDare Repamusorosoro dzakapa husachigaro kuna George W. Bush mu Bush v. Gore. Pasinei necho Conservatives 'hunyengeri hunyengeri kumatunhu pamusoro pekutonga pfuti, "kodzero" dzefodya, kodzero dzehurema uye mhirizhonga kune vakadzi, dare rakaramba kududzira kweFlorida nezvemitemo yesarudzo yekugadza Bush semutungamiri.
Ikozvino, dare repamusoro rave kuda kuzvipinza zvakare musarudzo yemutungamiri wenyika nekubvumidza VaTrump-the-insurrectionist kuti varambe vari pavhoti muColorado vachityora mutemo weDisqualification muSection 3 ye14th Amendment. Asi panguva ino vatanhatu vekurudyi vari mudare vangangobatanidzwa nevaviri vevakasununguka vavanoshanda navo.
panguva Kukadzi 8 nharo dzemuromo in Trump v. Anderson, nhengo yega yega yeDare Repamusorosoro kunze kwaSonia Sotomayor vakasaina kuti vachazvidza murairo weChikamu 3 uye vanoti nyika imwe neimwe haigone kurambidza vanhu kukwikwidza musarudzo dzenyika kunze kwekunge Congress yapasisa mutemo uchiti vanogona.
Zvinotaridza sekuti ruzhinji rwedare repamusoro richapidigura nyaya yedare repamusoro reColorado yekuti vaimbova mutungamiri wenyika VaDonald Trump vatadze kuvhota.
Chikamu 3 che14th Amendment rinoti:
Hapana munhu achave Seneta kana Mumiriri muCongress, kana muvhoti weMutungamiriri neMutevedzeri weMutungamiriri, kana kubata chero chinzvimbo, chehurumende kana chiuto, pasi peUnited States, kana pasi penyika ipi zvayo, uyo, akambopika mhiko, senhengo yehurumende. Congress, kana semukuru weUnited States, kana senhengo yedare reparamende chero ripi zvaro, kana semukuru kana mutongi wehurumende chero ipi zvayo, kutsigira Bumbiro reMitemo yeUnited States, achange aita mhirizhonga kana kupandukira zvakafanana. , kana kupa rubatsiro kana nyaradzo kuvavengi vayo. Asi Congress inogona nevhoti yezvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zveImba yega yega, kubvisa hurema hwakadai.
Nhengo dzedare dzakati wandei dzinoita sedzakabvuma zvakataurwa naVaTrump zvekuti mutungamiri wenyika haasi "mukuru" weUS - chirevo chinosekesa zvekuti haufanirwe kuve gweta kuti uone kupusa kwaro. Dzimwe nhengo dzinoti "vekutanga" dzakaratidzika dzakagadzirira kuverenga muChikamu chechitatu chinodiwa kuti Congress ipasise mutemo kurambidzwa kusati kwaitwa. Vazhinji venhengo dzedare vese vakafuratira kutora chikamu kwaTrump mukumukira kwaNdira 3, kutyisidzira kukuru mukupona kwerepublic kubvira Hondo yeVanhu.
Chokwadi, Chikamu 3 chakadzikwa mushure meHondo Yenyika kuti vanhu vasave nechinzvimbo vaive vashanda muhurumende hondo isati yatanga asi ndokutsigira Confederacy.
VaTrump vanoti Mutungamiriri haasi "Officer" weUS
Mukubvunza kana mutungamiri wenyika ari mukuru weUnited States, VaNeil Gorsuch naKetanji Brown Jackson vakadoma muchikamu chechitatu chevakuru vakati wandei vasingasanganisire mutungamiri wenyika. Asi chikamu ichocho chinosanganisirawo "ani hofisi, yehurumende kana yemauto,โ uye Bumbiro reMitemo rinodaidza mutungamiri wenyika kuti โmukuruโ mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda. Gorsuch naJackson vakaita sevanobvumirana nezvaitaurwa naVaTrump zvekuti โvakuruโ vanongoreva vakuru vakagadzwa, kwete vakasarudzwa. Asi Sotomayor akadana dudziro iyi "imwe mutemo wakasarudzika."
Zvakare, ava vekutanga, avo vanoti vanofunga nezve "zvairehwa neruzhinji" panguva iyo 14th Amendment yakawedzerwa kuBumbiro reMitemo, vakazvidza mazwi akajeka pauriri hweSeneti panguva yegakava pamusoro peChikamu 3 chekuti mutungamiri wenyika zvirokwazvo mukuru. John Bingham, munyori anotungamira we14th Amendment, akataura kumutungamiri wenyika se "mukuru." Uyezve, vanyori venhoroondo makumi maviri nevapfumbamwe vakapedzisa mune amicus pfupiso mune iyi nyaya kuti "mukuru" aifanirwa kusanganisira mutungamiri.
Sezvakataurwa neDare Repamusorosoro reColorado, "Mutungamiri Trump anotikumbira kuti tifunge kuti Chikamu 3 chinorambidza munhu wese anotyora mhiko kunze kweane simba uye chinorambidza vanotyora mhiko kubva kumahofisi ese, nyika nemubatanidzwa, kunze kweiyo yepamusoro-soro nyika.โ Dare rakapedzisa, "Mibairo miviri haienderane nemutauro wakajeka uye nhoroondo yeChikamu 3."
Gorsuch naSamuel Alito vakafunga kuti mhosva iyi inogona kunge isati yakwana nekuti Chikamu 3 chinorambidza vapanduki chete kubva. holding hofisi, kwete kumhanya zvehofisi. Vacherekedza kuti kana VaTrump vakasarudzwa, Congress inogona kubvisa kusabvumidzwa nevhoti yezvikamu zviviri muzvitatu temu yavo isati yatanga.
VaJason Murray, gweta rinomirira vavhoti vekuColorado vachipikisa kukodzera kwaVaTrump, vakati Article II ne10th Amendment zvinopa nyika masimba ekuita sarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika. Zvakadai, โvane simba rekuona kuti mavhoti esarudzo evagari vemunyika yavo haasi kuraswa pamunhu anenge arambidzwa nebumbiro remitemo kuti atore chigaro.
Nekuda kwekuti Congress inogona kubvisa hurema "hazvipi kuMutungamiri Trump kodzero yebumbiro remitemo yekukwikwidza zvigaro zvaasingakwanise kubata achityora mutemo wenyika nemaitirwo enyika pasi peChinyorwa II," akadaro Murray.
Trump Inoti Chikamu 3 hachisi "Kuzviuraya"
Brett Kavanaugh akasimbisa kuti "zvairehwa neruzhinji" zveChikamu 3 ndezvekuti Congress inofanirwa kudzika mutemo mukuru asati abviswa pachigaro nekuti chikamu ichocho "hachizvitonge." Asi Dare Repamusorosoro rakatonga 1883 Nyaya dzekodzero dzevanhu kuti 14th Amendment "pasina mubvunzo inozviuraya, pasina chero mutemo wekuwedzera."
Kavanaugh akatendeukira panzvimbo Nyaya yaGriffin, dare redzimhosva (risingasungiri muenzaniso) rakati Chikamu 3 hachisi kuzviuraya asi chinoda kugadzwa kwekongiresi. Congress yakapfuudza Enforcement Act ye1870 mushure me Nyaya yaGriffin kuita Chikamu 3, asi chiito ichocho chakabviswa muma1940.
Paakadzvinyirirwa naJackson nezvekushaikwa kwekufanana kana nyika dzikatenderwa kuita Chikamu 3, Murray akapindura kuti izvo vaiti "zvainyanya kunetsekana nazvo ndezvekuona kuti vanomukira uye vapanduki havatore chigaro." Nekudaro, akawedzera, "Zvingave zvisinganzwisisike kutaura kuti nyika hadzigone kuzviita, kuti hurumende yemubatanidzwa chete ndiyo inokwanisa kuzvisimbisa, uye kuti Congress inogona kubvarura moyo kubva muChikamu 3 neruzhinji rwakapusa kutadza kudzika mutemo wekutevedzwa kwemitemo."
Panzvimbo pekutarisa kuti VaTrump vakaita sei mukumukira kuUS musi wa6 Ndira, Elena Kagan, Amy Coney Barrett naJohn Roberts, pamwe naJackson, Alito, naKavanaugh, vainetsekana kuti nyika imwe chete yaigona kusarudza nyaya iyi.
"Ini ndinofunga kuti mubvunzo waunofanirwa kutarisana nawo ndewekuti sei nyika imwe chete ichifanira kusarudza kuti ndiani achave mutungamiri weUnited States," Kagan akaudza Murray. "Nei nyika imwe chete ichigona kuita kutsunga uku kwete kune vagari vayo chete asi kurudzi rwose? โฆ Zvinoita sezvinoshamisa, handizvo here?โ
Murray akapindura kuti Colorado yaingofunga kuti vavhoti vayo vatevedzere Chisungo cheKurambidzwa, sekunge yaizobvisa vamiriri kubva kumutungamiri wenyika vaive pasi pemakore makumi matatu neshanu, vasina kuberekerwa kuUS kana kuti vakatoshanda mazwi maviri.
Jackson akakahadzika kana vanyori veChikamu chechitatu vaireva kumisa "kusawirirana nenzira iyi, isu tine sarudzo dzakamirira uye nyika dzakasiyana dzakangoerekana dzati, 'Unokodzera, haukodzeri.'
Barrett ainetsekana nemamiriro ezvinhu umo rekodhi yechokwadi isina kunyatsogadzirwa mudare rehurumende uye kuti dare repamusoro rinofanira kuongorora sei zvakawanikwa. "Hazvingoita senge runhare rwehurumende," akadaro.
Alito ainetsekana pamusoro penyika dzakasiyana achiwana mhedziso dzakasiyana pamusoro pekubvumidzwa kwehumbowo. Akashamisika kana, mukuongorora rekodhi yenyika, Dare Repamusorosoro raizofanira kuona kuti ndeupi mitemo yehumbowo yekushandisa uye kuti ndeupi mutoro wehumbowo wekushandisa kuratidza mumiriri aive mupanduki. Vese Alito naRoberts vakangwarira izvo zvakanzi naAlito njodzi ye "cascading" mhedzisiro yekusimbisa mutongo weColorado Supreme Court wekurambidza Trump.
Kavanaugh akataura kuti "Congress ine simba pano, kwete nyika." Vati dare "rinofanirwa kufunga nezve demokrasi, kufunga nezve kodzero yevanhu yekusarudza vavanoda, yekurega vanhu vachisarudza," kushushikana kwakatsinhirwa naJackson. Kavanaugh, uyo akatsigira mitemo yekudzvanyirira vavhoti kusvika kusarudzo dza2020, akayambira kuti kumanikidza Chikamu 3 chinopokana naTrump "kune mhedzisiro yekurambidza vavhoti zvakanyanya."
Mukupindura, Murray akaudza Kavanaugh kuti, "Chikonzero chatiri pano ndechekuti Mutungamiri Trump akaedza kurambidza vanhu vanosvika miriyoni makumi masere vekuAmerica vakamuvhotera, uye Bumbiro reMitemo haridi kuti apihwe mumwe mukana."
Nhengo dzedare idzi dzakatadzawo kutaura kuti 14th Amendment yakadzikwa neCongress uye yakasainwa nemutungamiri wenyika mukuitwa kwegutsaruzhinji.
"Vagadziri veChikamu chechitatu vakaziva kubva muzviitiko zvinorwadza kuti avo vakatyora mhiko dzavo nechisimba kuBumbiro reMitemo havaikwanisa kuvimbwa kuti vatore masimba zvakare nekuti vaigona kubvisa demokrasi yedu yebumbiro kubva mukati, saka vakagadzira nzira yekudzivirira yegutsaruzhinji," Murray akaudza dare. "Mutungamiri Trump vanogona kuenda kunokumbira Congress kuti ivape ruregerero nevhoti yezvikamu zviviri muzvitatu. Asi kunze kwekunge adaro, Bumbiro redu reMitemo rinotidzivirira kubva kune vanomukira.โ
Dare redzimhosva reColorado rakatonga kwemazuva mashanu panguva iyo humbowo hwakaunganidzwa neBipartisan Select Committee yeKuongorora Kurwiswa kwaNdira 6 paUnited States Capitol yakapihwa. VaTrump vakawana mukana wekudaidza nekubvunzurudza zvapupu uye kupupura. Dare Repamusorosoro reColorado rakatsinhira zvakawanikwa nedare redzimhosva kuti VaTrump vakaita chimurenga nekuyedza kupidigura sarudzo nekuchinja mavhoti, vachikurudzira manyepo evavhoti, vachimanikidza vaimbova mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wenyika, VaMike Pence, kuti vatyore bumbiro remitemo uye vachikurudzira kufora. Capitol.
Sezvineiwo, kunyangwe akaramba kuti VaTrump vakaita mhirizhonga, gweta raTrump, Jonathan Mitchell, akataura zviitiko zvemusi wa6 Ndira seizvi: "Iyi yaive bongozozo. Kwakanga kusiri kumukira hurumende. Zviitiko zvacho zvainyadzisa, zvekupara mhosva, zvechisimba, zvese izvozvo, asi zvaisakodzera kumukira semashandisirwo anoitwa izwi iri muChikamu 3. "
Kunyange hazvo Section 3 isingade kuti mukuru anenge apika mhiko yekutsigira Bumbiro reMitemo atongerwe mhosva yekupandukira hurumende kuti abviswe pachigaro chemutungamiri wenyika, Kavanaugh akataura izvi.
Tarisira Mutongo Wezvematongerwo enyika
Alito naRoberts vanga vasina kugadzikana pamusoro pemhirizhonga iyo inobvisa VaTrump kubva muvhoti yaigona kuburitsa. Asi vakanga vasina hanya zvikuru nenyonganyonga yaizomuka pavakapidiguka Roe v. Wade, vakatsigira matanho ekudzvinyirira vavhoti uye kupfura matanho ekudzora pfuti.
Roberts ainetsekana nezve mukana wekuwanda kwekudzingwa kwevamiriri veRepublican neDemocratic. "Ndingatarisira ... nhamba yakanaka yematunhu achati, ani nani mumiriri weDemocratic," iwe wabuda musarudzo.
Murray akatanga nharo yake nokuudza dare kuti, โGuta guru renyika yedu rakarwiswa nechisimbaโ kekutanga kubvira paHondo ya1812. โKekutanga munhau,โ akapfuurira kudaro, โdenho yacho yakanyandurwa napurezidhendi akagara. yeUnited States kuti ivhiringidze kutamiswa kwemasimba ane runyararo kwehurumende.โ Akataurawo kuti, "Nekuita zvekumukira Bumbiro reMitemo," VaTrump "vakazvibvisa pachinzvimbo cheveruzhinji," uye iye zvino anoti Dare Repamusorosoro rinofanirwa kuburitsa musiyano waizoshanda kwaari chete. VaTrump ndivo vega vaimbove mutungamiri wenyika kunze kwaGeorge Washington avo vasina kubata chigaro vasati vasarudzwa kuva mutungamiri wenyika.
Sotomayor akabvunza Mitchell achiseka, "Uri kuronga here kuti kana mumwe mutungamiri akamhanya kwechitatu, kuti nyika irege kumubvisa pakuvhota?"
In pfupi yavo, magweta aimirira vavhoti veColorado akati, โChinangwa chechigaro chaTrump hachina kusimba pane zvematongerwo enyika. Haana-kunyanya-anotyisidzira 'bedlam' kana asiri pavhoti. Asi isu takatoona 'mubhedha' Trump akaburitswa paakanga ari on vhoti ndokurasika."
Tinogona kutarisira kuti Dare Repamusorosoro ripe mutongo nechimbichimbi panyaya iyi, sezvo mwaka wepuraimari uri kufamba. Zvichakadaro, dare repamusoro ranga richiona kuti ropa mutongo nekukurumidza panyaya yekuti VaTrump, avo vari kupomerwa mhosva makumi mapfumbamwe neimwe, havana kudzivirirwa pakupomerwa mhosva, kana kuti vorebesa mutongo uyu kusvika sarudzo dzapera, zvichibva zvawedzera mikana yaVaTrump yekukunda.
Copyright Zvakashata. Yakadhindwazve nemvumo.
Marjorie Cohn ndipurofesa ari kubudirira paThomas Jefferson School of Law, aimbova purezidhendi weNational Lawyers Guild, uye inhengo yemabhodhi enyika eAssange Defense and Veterans For Peace, uye hofisi yeInternational Association of Democratic Lawyers. Ndiye akatanga dhipatimendi wePeople's Academy of International Law uye mumiriri weUS kukanzuru yecontinental Advisory Council yeAssociation of American Jurists. Mabhuku ake anosanganisira Drones uye Targeted Killing: Legal, Moral and Geopolitical Issues. Anoshanda pamwe chete ne "Law and Disorder" Radio.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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