Kunobva: Counterpunch
Mega makambani akaita seCoca-Cola, Pepsi, uye Danone ari kugadzira kutenderera 494 nguva dzavanoshandisa nekudira mvura yemumabhodhoro muMexico uye vachiitengesazve kune vagari veko avo vasina sarudzo kunze kwekuitenga.
MuMexico nedzimwe nyika dzine urombo nematunhu, makambani ari kutora mvura kubva mumadziva, zvitubu, nzizi, nemadziva, voiisa mumabhodhoro epurasitiki kana kuishandura kuita zvinwiwa zvinonaka uye zvine shuga, vobva varasa mvura yavo yakashandiswa uye ine tsvina mumatsime emvura. Izvo, pamwe nekumwe kusvibiswa kwemaindasitiri kunoraswa zvisina mwero munharaunda dzekumaruwa, dzeMarudzi, uye dzine hurombo, zvinoreva kuti vagari veko havakwanise kunwa mvura yemupombi vopedzisira vabhadhara mitengo yekubiridzira kumakambani eEuropean neUS.
Mukutsinhana nekutora mvura yeMexico, veMexico vanopa makambani ekubhodhoro emvura US $66 bhiriyoni pagore. Coca Cola, Pepsi, Danone, Nestle, Bimbo, uye mamwe mabhodhoro uye makambani ezvekudya zvisina kudya anobvisa pamusoro. 133 mabhiriyoni emarita emvura, uye ozorasira marita angangoita mabhiriyoni zana negumi nepfumbamwe emvura ine tsvina ichidzokera mumabheseni emvura nemumatsime.
Kusaenzana mukuwana mvura
Mexico inyika yakaoma, uye mvura ishoma. Asi makambani anotenderwa kutora mvura yakawanda sezvaanoda, uye pane zvishoma zvasarira kuvarimi vadiki vekumaruwa neyekushandisa mudzimba.
Ndakataura naNahui, mutungamiri weUnited Peoples ari kuramba rudzi rwemvura yeDanone, Bonafont ari kuramba achipamba mvura yavo muPuebla state. Kuti achengeteke, akakumbira kuti zita rimwe chete rishandiswe. Takakurukura tiri kuseri kwemba yemunhu weko. Huku dzakatipoteredza uye shiri dzairira zvikuru mumiti yaiva kumusoro, asi shure kwedu mapaya makumi mana kana kupfuura akanga asina michero zvachose. Kuchera mvura kwaBonafont kubva munharaunda yeIndigenous Nahua kwakonzera kuti matsime enzvimbo iyi uye mvura iome.
โKune fariro yakawanda munzvimbo dzinogara vanhu vepakutanga nokuti inzvimbo dzine vanhu vane tsika netsika dzokutarisira upenyu, nzizi, masango,โ anodaro Nahui. Iye akadaro, pamwe nerusarura, zvinoita kuti matunhu akadaro awedzere kukwezva kumakambani.
IUnited Peoples inounza pamwe chete pamusoro pe20 Nahua munharaunda. Kutanga kwegore rapfuura vakavhara, ndokutora nzvimbo yeBonafont yekugadzira mabhodhoro ndokuishandura kuita nharaunda yenharaunda, asi mauto eMexico epasirese neemuno akamira parutivi rwesangano ndokuvadzinga muchirimwa mwedzi wapera.
Ndakataurawo naAdriana Flores, mumwe muongorori weTransdisciplinary University Center for Sustainability (CENTRUS) muMexico City. โCoca Cola, Nestle, nemimwe mishonga yemishonga yakapihwa mukana wekuwana mvura inosvika mamirioni emacubic metres emvura, izvo zvinoreva kuti kana kuine kusanaya kwemvura, havana basa nazvo. Vachatora mvura. Pane mazwi asina kuenzana zvakanyanya pakuwana mvura. Vane mari vanowana mvura yechokwadi,โ vanodaro. Vamwe vanhu vanobuda kunze; mamiriyoni 12 vanhu muMexico havawani mvura yemupombi.
Kuba mvura nekusvibisa nzira dzemvura kune pundutso huru
Musika wepasi rose wemvura yemabhodhoro waive wakakosha US $ 230.4 billion muna 2020, uye vanonyanya kubatsirwa vese makambani eUS neEuropean. Pepsi Co's Aquifina brand iri pamusoro Pamazita, uye inoteverwa neCoca-Cola's Dasani naGlaceau Smartwarter, Nestle's Perrier, Danone (ine dzimbahwe muFrance), Ozarka, nevamwe.
Kuti vawane mvura yevagari vemunzvimbo iyi, makambani aya anoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzemanomano. Munharaunda yeNahua, vanhu mune rimwe taundi munguva pfupi yapfuura vakavhotera kana nzvimbo yacho yaizodzorwa nemitemo yemanisiparati kana kuti yeMarudzi. Vese vashandi venzvimbo dzekuvhotera vanogona kunge vari ndaona nemvura yemubhodhoro yeBonafont. Kumaodzanyemba, muChiapas, kushambadzira kwehukasha kweCoca Cola kunosanganisira kushandisa Dzimba dzevanhu vekumusha senzvimbo dzekugovera. Iyo kambani yakarwawo nemutemo kurwisana muOaxaca, sezvo nyika yakanga yarambidza kutengeswa kwemabhodhoro ePET kamwe chete, uye muToluca, inomhanyisa chikuru chirimwa munyika. Asi nzvimbo yacho yakatarisana nekunyanya kushushikana kwemvura, uye iyo 3 mabhiriyoni marita emvura anotorwa neCoca Cola anotowedzera kuipa.
Zvichakadaro, makambani anogara nemaune munyika dzine urombo kuitira kuti asanyanya kusvibisa. KuGuadalajara, uko kune indasitiri inorema, Flores anoti mvura "inonhuwa zvakanyanya, inonaka sesimbi ... dzimwe nguva inoita kuti maziso angu apise." Chikwata chake chakaongorora maindasitiri ari pedyo nenzvimbo mbiri dzinobatwa, ndokuona kuti mafekitari ekugadzira mukaka, mishonga nezvimwe zvairasa tsvina yavo mumvura, "pasina kutariswa, pasina kujeka, mitemo yezvemamiriro ekunze haitevedzwe."
Rwizi rweSantiago, zvakare pedyo nenzvimbo yeindasitiri, rwakanga rwakafukidzwa nefuro mita nehafu pakukwirira. Vashandi uye masayendisiti mhosva Swiss Pharmaceutical, Ciba Geigy, ikozvino Novartis. Iko hakuna chinodiwa muMexico kuti makambani aite taura izvo zvinosvibisa zvavari kudira mumvura kana muvhu, uye makambani emuEurope anorambidzwa kushandisa zvinhu zvinouraya zvakaita sebenzene kana bisphenol munyika dzavo, haasangane nemhinganidzo iyoyo kuMexico.
Asi nyika dzakaita seMexico hadzina kutemesa nharaunda nekuti hadzina hanya. Nyika dzine urombo dzakadzvinyirirwa kuti dzigamuchire maindasitiri anosvibisa achinyepedzera โkusimudziraโ upfumi hwawo. Marezinesi ekushandisa mvura akawedzera muMexico ne 3191% pakati pa1995 na2019 - nguva inoenderana nechibvumirano cheNAFTA icho chakavhura Mexico zvachose kusvika kumakambani eUS neCanada nekugadzira, uye yakarambidza Mexico kushandisa mitemo yezvakatipoteredza pavari.
"Zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvemahara zvinobvumira makambani kuita chero chavanoda ... Mexico iparadhiso yemari kwavari," anodaro Nahui, achitsanangura kuti Bonafont akakwanisa kuba mvura kubva munharaunda dzeMarudzi kwemakumi emakore nekuda kwe "kudzivirirwa kubva kuhurumende."
IU.S. offshores kusvibiswa kwayo, uyewo ndeimwe huru vatengesi yemarara epurasitiki, kutumira marara ayo kuCanada, South Korea, Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Thailand, uye nezvimwe - kunyangwe nyika dzakaita seCanada dzingangozotumira zvakare marara.
Pamusoro pezvo, nyika dzine urombo dzine mari shoma yekutarisa nekuranga kusvibiswa kwemakambani, kana kurapa mvura ine utachiona. MuMexico chete 25 to 57% yemvura yetsvina inogadziriswa, uye inopfuura hafu yemiti yekurapa haisi muhurongwa hwekushanda. Imwe 80% yezvitunha zvemvura yakasvibiswa nemarara emaindasitiri.
Huwandu hwenzvimbo dzekutarisa mvura muMexico hwakaderera nepakati mumakore mashoma apfuura, Flores anodaro, nekuda kwekuderedzwa kwebhajeti. Indasitiri inoita "zvainoda" nekuti zviremera zvinonyanya kufarira kushandisa mari pamapurojekiti ebhizinesi akadai seanonzi Maya Chitima, anodaro.
Uye makambani emvura emabhodhoro anongotora kumanikidza kuhurumende kuti dzigadzirise mvura. Nestlรฉ akatanga kutengesa Pure Life muLahore, Pakistan, mukati 1998. Vanamazvikokota venzvimbo iyi vanoti kareko vaikwanisa kuenda kwese kunotora mvura yemupombi yakachena mahara, asi mazuvano munhu wese ari kunwa mvura yemubhodhoro.
Kuwirirana pakati penyika dzine mvura yakasvibiswa zvakanyanya uye kushandiswa kwemvura yemabhodhoro kwakanyanya
Kunyange zviwanikwa zvinopinda mumvura yemubhodhoro zvingashandiswa zvirinani mukurapa mvura yemupombi nekudzivirira kusvibiswa, hazvina kumbodaro. Pane kudaro, nyika idzo dzinonyanya kushandisa mvura yemumabhodhoro dzinodaro nekuti dzinofanirwa kudaro, kunze kwenyika zhinji dzeEurope dzakatarisana nemishandirapamwe yakasimba yekushambadzira iyo inoratidza mvura yemubhodhoro sesarudzo yemararamiro ane hutano. pamusoro vatengi vemvura yemubhodhoro pamunhu vanosanganisira Mexico, Thailand, El Salvador, Indonesia, China, Brazil, Romania, Germany, US, uye India, nepo nyika dzine ipisisa mvura inosanganisira India, Germany, Indonesia, Brazil, China, Thailand, neMexico.
Mvura yekunwa yakachengetedzwa zvakachengeteka ichiri yakawanda a ropafadzo kunyika dzakapfuma. Kumwewo, kushaikwa kwemvura yemupombi isina njodzi kunotowedzera kusaenzana. Matunhu ane hurombo anonyanyonetseka munguva yekusanaya kwemvura kana dambudziko kana mvura iri shoma. Kurapa zvirwere pamusana pemvura ine tsvina kwakaomera vanhu vari munharaunda dzine urombo, uye varimi vadiki vanonetseka kuti vararame kana mvura ishoma.
"Tine imwe mvura yatinayo yekudya, simba, nekugadzira, uye ... chokwadi chekuti makambani anodirisa mvura ane huwandu hwemvura yakavimbiswa kwavari, inoderedza huwandu hunowanikwa kune vamwe vashandisi, kunharaunda dzekumaruwa neveIndigenous, โ anodaro Flores.
Mhuka dzinobatwawo. Kukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kunokonzerwa nemvura yemubhodhoro ndiko 1,400 nguva yemvura yemupombi, maererano nekurasikirwa kwemarudzi.
Masangano anobatsira haagadzirise kusaenzana kwemvura
Masangano mazhinji anoyamura anotora nzira yega yega dambudziko remvura munzvimbo dzine urombo. Asi zvipo zvavari kurwira hazvimise kushungurudzwa kuri kuitwa nemakambani.
Zvizhinji charities uye maNGOs anewo mameseji akasimba nezve kukuvadzwa kwakakonzerwa nemabhodhoro epurasitiki. Iyi meseji ndeyechokwadi uye inobatsira, asi inotarisana nesarudzo dzevatengi uye inofuratira basa resimba repasi rose uye kusaenzana kwehupfumi. Mamwe masangano anototaura nezve โvaidyidzanaโ neindasitiri, kunyange hazvo makambani akaita seDanone asingabatanidzi kana kuteerera nharaunda dzaari kukanganisa.
"Takavharirwa mukana wekusarudza kuti chii chinoitika kumvura munzvimbo dzatinogara. Pane kuti kuwana mvura kuve kodzero dzevanhu, inodhura uye haisvikike," anodaro Nahui.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta