Makore makumi maviri apfuura, vashandi zviuru makumi matanhatu kubva kuNew York City kuenda kuMaine vakapokana nekutamiswa kwemitengo yehutano pahofori yenharembozha yaizivikanwa seNYNEX (kubva payakanzi Verizon).
NYNEX yaive kambani ine mari zhinji, yepasi rose ichitsvaga mari pamakore gumi anoodza mwoyo ekuramwa mabasa, kupihwa kwekondirakiti uye kupararira kwemubatanidzwa. Panguva apo vashandi vazhinji vakamanikidzwa kuita marezinesi, varamwi veNYNEX vakabata mutsetse kwemwedzi mina ndokubuda vakunda. Vakabudirira kuramba chikumbiro chekambani chokuti vabhadhare mazana uye pakupedzisira zviuru zvemadhora pagore nokuda kwebetsero dzokurapwa. Asi kukunda kwemubatanidzwa uku hakuna kudhura. Basa revatengi rakakanganiswa nekumira kwebasa, izvo zvakakonzera kurasikirwa kwemakumi emamiriyoni emadhora emubairo. Mazana evapambi akasungwa, akadzingwa basa kana kumiswa basa-uye mumwe, Gerry Horgan, akaurayiwa pamutsetse wepikicha muWestchester County.
Mune dzimwe nyika dzese dzakasimukira dzemaindasitiri, nyaya yekukakavara yekuti ndiani anobhadhara kurapwa yakabviswa patafura yekutaurirana kare kare. Uye hapana mushandi angamborasikirwa nehupenyu hwake achidzivirira basa-based private health insurance.
Nanhasi, nhengo dzeCommunication Workers of America (CWA) neInternational Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) vanoshanda pakambani yenhare kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero havapi mipiro inobhadharwa pamunhu kana mhuri yavo- hurongwa hwave kunakidzwa chikamu chevashandi. Kuti vadzivise rusaruro seboka rakasarudzika-kuyedza kuchengetedza zvirinani-kupfuura-avhareji mabhenefiti - varamwi veNYNEX vakangwarira mabatiro avakaita kudiwa kwemaneja kwekugovaniswa kwekutanga uye kuronga nyaya huru mukupokana. Mabhatani avo, mabhenji, kuburitswa kwenhau uye mapepa akajekesa kuti mhinduro yekukwira kwemitengo yekurapa yaive "Health Care For All, Not Health Cuts At NYNEX!"
Ichitsigirwa nevabatsiri vakaita saJesse Jackson, Citizen Action naVarapi veNational Health Program (PNHP), kuramwa kwacho kwakava nzvimbo yakanangana nekuenderera mberi nedzidzo yeruzhinji uye yenhengo nezve kudiwa kweinishuwarenzi yenyika yehutano yeCanada. CWA neIBEW vakatora danho rekuti kudzosera munharembozha kwaisazobatsira mamirioni evamwe vashandi vane inishuwarenzi shoma kana vasina zvachose; kutaura zvazviri, chero mari yekurapa yakachengetwa neNYNEX yaizongorerutsa kumanikidzwa kwemari kumubatanidzwa iwoyo nevamwe kutsigira shanduko chaiyo yehutano.
Pasina nguva mushure mekufamba kwatanga, NYNEX yakapa varamwi chiyeuchidzo chakajeka chekuti sei hutano husingafanirwe kudzorwa nevashandirwi: kambani yakadzima kuvharwa kwevashandi vese makumi matanhatu nemhuri dzavo. Vasina kuodzwa mwoyo, vashandi veNYNEX vakashandisa mari yekuramwa mabasa, mipiro kubva kune mamwe masangano evashandi kana mari yavaichengeterwa kuti vabhadhare mabhiri avo avanachiremba nezvipatara uye, pazvinenge zvakakodzera, kuronga kuvharwa kweCOBRA. Sechikamu chekugadzirisa kuramwa mabasa, inishuwarenzi yavo yekare yehutano yakadzorerwa uye imwe mari yakadzoserwa. Zvakadaro, kwapera gore, CWA payakaedza kuisa chisungo chemubhadharo mumwechete pamberi pevaneshaveri veNYNEX, manejimendi akaita kuti Securities and Exchange Commission isabatanidze chikumbiro kubva pazvinhu zvevamiriri zvakatumirwa musangano wavo wepagore wa60,000 usati wasvika.
Mukuzotevera kutaurirana, mutengo wekupa mabhenefiti erupo kune vanoshanda uye vakasiya basa veVerizon vakatungamira kune kumwe kuramwa mabasa uye, muna 2003, kukakavara kwenguva refu "kushanda-ku-kutonga" nezvenyaya imwe chete. Kusvika nanhasi, vatariri venhare vanoramba vari vavengi vakasimba vezvekuwedzera kwemuhoro wemagariro nenzira ye "Medicare kune vese." Mukubiridzira kwayo kwekambani, Verizon inosimudzira mamiriro ekusashanda quo- mishmash iripo yezvirongwa zveveruzhinji uye zvepachivande-ichiri kuramba kutora tebhu kune yekupedzisira. Mwedzi wapfuura CWA yaifanira kumhan'ara pamberi peNational Labor Relations Board ichipokana neVerizon pamusoro pekuramba kwayo kubvumirana pamusoro peshanduko yakaziviswa yesarudzo dzeHMO.
Zvichakadaro, mushure memakore makumi maviri ekurwisa kuchengetedza yakabhadharwa inishuwarenzi munzvimbo, vashandi venharembozha vanowana mabhenefiti avo ezvekurapa munhau-uye ane madhimoni akawanda- nekuda kwemutero we "Cadillac" inishuwarenzi yehutano inofarirwa neSeneti Finance Committee. Mune chimiro chayo chazvino, iyo yakatsanangurwa makumi mana muzana yemutero wemutero waizoshandiswa, makore mana kubva ikozvino, kune chikamu chekukosha kwechero mushandirwi-inopihwa kuvharwa iyo inodarika $40 kuvanhu uye $8,000 yemhuri. Munzvimbo yeBoston, uko mari yekurapa yakanyanya kukwirisa uye vashandi veVerizon vave kuchembera, bhiri rekuchengeta mhuri rave kutowanda izvozvi. Sezvakataurwa nemutungamiri weCWA, Larry Cohen muNew York Times Gumiguru 21,000, ingangoita hafu yenhengo dzake dzese dzichange dziri muzvirongwa zvehutano zvichienderana nemutero muna 13.
Sezvakataurwa nenyanzvi yezvehutano Len Rodberg mune imwe nyaya ichangoburwa, "Pane Imwe Nzira Yekubuda naObama here?," mari ye "kuchinja kwehutano" nenzira iyi inongoranga vashandirwi vakaita seVerizon avo, vachimanikidzwa, vakaramba vachipa "inishuwarenzi yakanaka." Panguva imwecheteyo, bhiri reFinance Committee rakabvumidzwa muna Gumiguru 13 hariite zvishoma kumanikidza kuvharwa kuri nani nevashandirwi avo parizvino vanodzivirira vashandi vavo. Kana ari mafemu makuru einishuwarenzi ari muindasitiri yenharembozha, uyu hausi "mutero pamakambani einishuwarenzi" - sezvinowanzotaurwa zvinorasisa munhau. Ndiyo imwezve mutengo wepazasi uyo, sezvakataurwa naRodberg, unopa "chikurudziro chakasimba chekudzikisa mabhenefiti." Vashandi vasina kodzero dzekutaurirana vachaita kuti kugoverwa kwavo kuderedzwa unilaterally. Kumafemu akabatana seVerizon kana AT&T- uko hutano hwakadzika chibvumirano chemubatanidzwa zvakare gore rino- mutero wemutero pamibhenefiti iripo unokonzeresa kusawirirana kwehutungamiriri hwevashandi muna 1989 panguva iyo mubatanidzwa wekuramwa mabasa hauna kusimba kupfuura makore makumi maviri apfuura.
Izvi handizvo zvakavhoterwa nevashandi vezvevashandi kudonha kwekupedzisira pavakatsigira Barack Obama nemaDemocrats munzvimbo dzakakosha dzenhandare yehondo kana nzvimbo dzakachengeteka dzekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Nekuda kwekupisa kwechiitiko chekuramwa mabasa kweNYNEX, vazhinji vevatori vechikamu vayo vakave vanogamuchira zvakanyanya kutengesa mune yavo inodaidzwa kuti Cadillac yekuchengetedzwa-kusvika-kukuva kuchengetedzeka kwemutero-inotsigirwa nepasirese kuvharwa kwepasirese kusisaenderane neazvino-asina kusimba mabasa enharembozha. Asi hapana anoda kubhadhara zvakanyanya zvishoma-kunyanya kana iyo iri kure neyakanakisa kana nzira yekuenda ku "hutano kune vese." Seneta Max Baucus's akanganisa kuronga kubhadharisa mabhenefiti evashandi vari nani zvishoma-kuitira kuti mari iunganidzwe kuti iwane bhajeti-inobvisa yakazvimirira inishuwarenzi rubatsiro-ndicho, kurasika-kurasika chirevo. Kana rikasauraiwa mudare reSeneti, kana kubviswa mudare reSeneti remusangano, kukanganisa uku kwezvakambowanikwa mumubatanidzwa kuchasiya vashandi vakawanda vakagumbuka.
(Steve Early naRand Wilson vese vakabatanidzwa mubasa rekutsigira NYNEX muNew England muna 1989.)
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