GEORGE MONBIOT rave rimwe remanzwi anotungamira musangano repasi rose rekutonga pasi rose. Iye mutori wenhau wenguva dzose weBritain muchengeti bepanhau uye munyori we Nyika Yakatapwa: The Corporate Takeover yeBritain.
Achangobva kubvunzurudzwa neSocialist Worker, chinyorwa chebvunzurudzo iyoyo inotevera pasi apa
CHII chinhu chekutanga icho vanhu vanofanira kuziva nezvekushanda kweIMF neWorld Bank, uye masangano epasi rose aya akabatana sei nesimba rekambani?
NYAYA inokosha ndeyokuti World Bank neIMF zvinodzorwa chete nenyika dzakapfuma uye dzinoshanda munyika dzine urombo chete. Vanoisa marongero ehupfumi hwenyika idzo dzine urombo uye nekuramba hurumende dzenyika idzodzo kuti dziite kuyedza kudzika hurongwa hwavo hwehupfumi - uye nekudaro zvirevo zvavo zvezvematongerwo enyika.
Saka une kuramba kwakananga kwedemocracy iri kuitika pano. Iwe une nyika yevarombo inotongwa nenyika dzakapfuma, senge isu tichiri kurarama munguva dzevakoloni.
Mhedzisiro ndeyekuti, kazhinji, tinoona sarudzo dzichiitwa dzinoratidzika kunge dzisingafadze zvido zvenyika dzine urombo-izvo zvinonzi masangano maviri aya ari kuedza kubatsira-asi zvido zveWall Street broker, vekunze kwenyika, mabhizinesi makuru ari mu nyika yakapfuma. Nyika dzakapfuma dzakaita zvakanaka chose kubva mumabhanga eWorld Bank neIMF, ukuwo varombo nevasina kubudirira vakaita zvakaipa.
Tora iwo makuru ekukurumidzira mapakeji kubva kuIMF mumakore mashoma apfuura. Izvi zvinosanganisira kubhadhariswa mari yechibatiso kwakakura, chinangwa chavo ndechekubvumidza "vanoisa mari" vekunze - zvichireva kuti vanofungidzira - kuti vabudise mari yavo hupfumi hwenyika dzine urombo husati hwadonha.
Pasati pave nechero bheroti yakakura kune zvakakosha zvakadaro munyika dziri kudonha sehutano nedzidzo, kugara zvakanaka kwevarombo vanorasikirwa nemabasa nekuda kwedambudziko, masangano ehurumende asingachashande. Kubhadhariswa mari yechibatiso uku kunenge kwakanangana chete nekuchengetedza mabhindauko emari yevanofungidzira vekunze ava.
Zvakanyanya kupfuura izvozvo, mazhinji ematambudziko-uye dambudziko rezvemari rekuAsia ra1997-98 uye ikozvino dambudziko reArgentina mienzaniso yakanaka kwazvo-yakakonzerwa nekuda kwe, kunyanya, mutemo weIMF waive wakanangana nekufadza nharaunda yezvemari chete. United States.
Saka, semuenzaniso, kuAsia, takaona IMF ichida kubviswa kwezvese kutonga kwemari uye kutonga kwemari, izvo zvakafumura Asia kune iyi inoshamisa yekufungidzira mafambiro ezvinonzi hot money-yenguva pfupi-inobvumira vatengesi veWall Street. kutanga hutsinye hwekufungidzira kurwisa mari yenyika dzeAsia uye kuunza nyika idzodzo kumabvi adzo.
Kubviswa kwemirau yose, yaidiwa neIMF, kwakanga kusina chokuita negarikano yenyika dzaibatanidzwa. Chikonzero chega chekuomesera kwezvainoda ndechekuti yanga ichikumbirwa kuita izvo zvinodiwa neWall Street. Vaingo batsirikana neaya marongero vaive vatengesi vakaita mari yakawanda kwazvo mushure mekudonha kweEast Asia.
Tinoona iyi patani ichidzokororwa nguva nenguva, uye unofanira kubvunza pashure penguva yakati: โNdiani ari kutyaira iyi?โ Mhinduro chete inogoneka inouya mumusoro ndeyekuti izvi zvakasarudzika zvido zvemari kuMadokero zviri kutyaira izvi. Uye vari kuparadza hupfumi zvakarongeka pasi rose.
IMWE yemharidzo yakabuda mumusangano weUnited Nationsรขโฌโข Earth Summit muJohannesburg masvondo mashoma apfuura ndeyekuti masangano akaita seIMF neWorld Bank aicherechedza kukanganisa kwekare uye achiedza kusanganisa vanhu vose. Unofungei nazvo?
PANE matambudziko maviri nepfungwa iyi. Chekutanga ndechekuti hazvibviri kuona kuti vangazvivandudza sei kana vakaramba vachiramba kubvuma kukura kwekukanganisa kwavakaita munguva yakapfuura. Hapana sangano rakaita izvozvo.
Vabvuma zvimwe zvikanganiso zvidiki. Vakabvuma kukanganisa kwekushandisa. Ivo vakabvuma kuti vaenda kure zvishoma mune zvimwe zvinhu. Asi havasati vatarisana nekukundikana kwehurongwa hwemitemo yavo-uye chokwadi chekuti mitemo yavo yave, muzviitiko zvakawanda, yakaparadza zvakanyanya pane kubatsira kune zvido zvevarombo.
Kusvikira vagona kudaro, nei tichifanira kuvimba navo pasi pano pavanoti vachaita zviri nani mune ramangwana?
Nyaya yechipiri iri pano ndeyekuti bhanga guru repasi rose reWorld Bank neIMF rine hurongwa hwebumbiro remitemo kuti rikundikane. Chikamu, izvi imhaka yekuti ivo vanodzorwa nenyika yakapfuma, vachishanda pane varombo, saka ivo havana demokrasi sezvaungagona kuwana. Uye pasina demokrasi, munhu anogona kungotarisira kukundikana. Zvakare, nekuti ivo vari kunyatso simbisa chikwereti-based global financial system, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kune chikwereti chakawanda.
IMF neWorld Bank dzakagadzirwa mukupindura kutadza kwechikumbiro chepakutanga pamberi paBretton-Woods, chakaitwa nenyanzvi munyaya dzezvehupfumi John Maynard Keynes, yekuzvigadzirisa pachayo hurongwa hwemari hwepasi rose, apo vese vane zvikwereti pamwe nevane zvikwereti vaisungirwa kubvisa zvese zviri zviviri. kusaenzana kwekutengeserana uye chikwereti chepasi rose.
Izvi zvakakandwa kunze, kunyanya nekuda kwekukurudzira neUnited States, iyo panguva iyoyo yaive mukweretesi mukuru pasi rose. Uye hurongwa husina kukwana zvachose-inoti, World Bank neIMF-yakaiswa panzvimbo yayo. Zvisinei nekuwanda kwaunoita neiyo system, icharamba isina kukwana zvachose.
HURUMENDE yeUS "hondo yehugandanga" yakakanganisa zvikuru musangano wepasi rose wekutonga, kunyanya muUS Munoona sei hukama pakati pehondo nenyaya dzehutongi hwepasi rose?
NDINOFUNGA kuti izvi zvakabatana zvakanyanya, uye ndinotora mwoyo wakawanda kubva pakuti vanhu vazhinji vaimboratidzira chete nyaya dzesimba rekambani vakawedzera huwandu hwekuratidzira kwavo kutora danho rakasimba kurwisa hondo.
Hapana mubvunzo kuti zvido izvi zvakabatana. Zvimwe nekuda kwesimba rekambani kuti une mutungamiri anonzi George Bush zvachose. Tinoziva kuti mipiro yemushandirapamwe inobatsira sei kufambisa zvakabuda musarudzo dzemuAmerica.
Izvo zvimwe nekuti manejimendi anonzwa kukosha kwekuchengetedza matura emafuta ayo isu tine tarisiro yehondo. Uye chimwe chezvikonzero chinoita kuti inzwe kudiwa ndechekuti ihutongi hunotungamirwa nevanozora mafuta uye nekufurirwa zvakanyanya nevanozora mafuta.
Zvinofungawo nezvesimba rinoshamisa riya rakanzi naDwight Eisenhower "mauto-industrial complex"-simba rekukurudzira rinoshamisa iro indasitiri yezvidziviriro inayo muUnited States, uye mune dzimwe nyika dzakaita seUnited Kingdom. Kunyangwe icho chisiri chikonzero chese nei George Bush achida kuenda kuhondo, hapana mubvunzo kuti chikamu chechikonzero.
Saka zvakabatana zvakanyanya nekurwira uko isu tiri mubato repasi rose rekutonga takambobatanidzwa.
MUNOFUNGA kuti โkururamisira munyika yoseโ kungawanwa sei?
NDIRI KUSHANDA pane izvi pachangu pachangu-uye ndichitarisa kuti demokrasi ingaite sei kana ikashandiswa kuhukama hwenyika.
Hurongwa hwepasirese hwegutsaruzhinji hungaite sei, kusiyana nehurongwa hwepasirese husina hutongi hwejekerere hwatinahwo panguva ino-World Bank neIMF inodzorwa nenyika shoma dzakapfuma, nyika dzeG-8 dzichiunza huremu hwakakura padzinowana. pamwe chete mumisangano yavo, UN Security Council inodzorwa nevashambadziri vakuru vezvombo vashanu pasi rose, World Trade Organisation inodzorwa zvine mutsindo nezvikwata zvine mumvuri zvemagweta emakambani asingazvidavirire kuruzhinji.
Ndiri kutarisa kuti dzimwe nzira dzingaita sei, uye ndiri kunyora bhuku parizvino iro richabuda muna Nyamavhuvhu gore rinouya rinonzi Zera Remvumo. Uye ini ndiri kutaura kuti chatinoda kushandira kwariri kurongeka kwehupfumi hwenyika hunoenderana nemvumo, pane yazvino yakavakirwa pakumanikidza.
Saka ndine mamodheru akasiyana andiri kugadzira izvozvi ndichifunga izvozvo.
IBASA ripi rinoitwa nevepasi rose vesangano rehutongi hwejekerere mune zvese izvi?
KANA ukaverenga bhuku idzva rakanyorwa naJoseph Stiglitz, Globalization uye Kusagutsikana Kwayo, uchaona kuti iye-murume aimbove mukuru wezveupfumi weWorld Bank-anotaura nyaya iri pachena kuti imhaka yekuratidzira chete kuti nyaya idzi dziri mugwaro rehurongwa zvachose munyika dzakapfuma.
Kuratidzira-kufanana nekwakaonekwa muSeattle, nePrague neGenoa, neWashington mumakore apfuura - kwakayambira nyika dzakapfuma nekusarongeka kunotyisa kuri kuitwa nemasangano akaita seIMF neWorld Bank. Uye kumutswa kwekuziva idanho rekutanga rekuchinja kwezvematongerwo enyika.
Saka ndingati kuratidzira idanho rakakosha pakugadzira kurongeka kwenyika.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta