Ongororo ye Kukwira Nyika: Apo maHippies, Varoti, Freaks, uye Radicals Vakatamira kuVermont b.y Yvonne Daley (University Press yeNew England, 2018) uye Radio Yemahara Vermont: Ngano yekupokana naBill McKibben, (Blue Rider Press, 2018)
Kutya kwaDonald Trump pamusoro pevaMexico nemaMuslim, maHaitians neveAfrica, uye vamwe vatorwa hakuna kumboitika munhoroondo yeUS. Mukati mezana ramakore rechi 19, vezvokumabvazuva kwemhenderekedzo yegungwa yokumabvazuva vaigara vachiridza nyevero pamusoro pekupinda nechisimba kwevatorwa kubva kuIreland yarohwa nenzara. Vamwe vavo vemahombekombe ekumadokero vakayambira kwemakumi emakore akawanda nezve "yero njodzi" kuCalifornia, iyo yakatora chimiro chekutama kweAsia.
Yvonne Daley's Kukwira Nyika: Apo maHippies, Varoti, Freaks, uye Radicals Vakatamira kuVermont (University of New England Press) inotiyeuchidza kuti kunyange kuchinja kwevagari vemo kunobatanidza vachena vakaberekerwamo kunogona kubatwa nedhimoni nyore nyore. Chinongodiwa chete kudirana kunotyisidzirwa kwevokunze vane chitarisiko chakasiana uye vane tsika dzenzanga kana kuti mufambiro wenzanga zvinoshumwa zvisingateereri mutemo zvikuru.
Chimwe chezvakanakisa zvenhoroondo yaDaley yekupera kwezana remakore rechi20 shanduko yeVermont ndeyekuratidzwa kwake kwekuvhunduka kwenzvimbo kwakatanga muna 1972. Ndipo apo magazini yePlayboy yakazivisa mamiriyoni evaverengi kuti 50,000 "vanotambudza vasina kugezwa" vakanga vachitiza mumaguta eAmerica kumafuro akasvibira eVermont. . Muchidimbu chake chinokatyamadza, mutori wenhau Richard Pollak akashamisika kuti chii chaizosara chetsika dzekuchengetedza muGreen Mountain State mushure mekunge yamedzwa nevamiriri verudo rwemahara, zvinodhaka zvepfungwa, uye rock-and-roll?
Sezvakataurwa naDaley, "zviuru zvemahippies nevanhu vakazvizivisa netsika dzetsika" vaive, panguva iyoyo, "vaigara mumakomisheni eVermont nemapoka, mudzimba dzemapoka nematee, mabhazi echikoro, shacks yeshuga, uye dzimba dzemapurazi mudunhu rese." Saka mashoko okuti zvinzvimbo zvavo zvaizowedzera nokukurumidza akagamuchirwa munzvimbomo nekutya kukuru.
Sokurangarira kwakaita mumwe mutori wenhau weVermont makore akati gare gare, โmisoro yenhau yepepanhau nhema yakanga isingachinji yakanyevera nezveโHIPPIE INVASIONโ yakanga yava pedyo, zvichiita kuti murimi akwegura mumwe chete amhanyire achida pfuti yake.โ Komisheni wehurumende yekuchengetedzwa kweveruzhinji aifanira kurambidza pachena kushandiswa kwemaitiro akashandiswa mazana maviri emakore apfuura naEthan Allen neveGreen Mountain Boys vake, mauto ekoloni ane mukurumbira nekurwisa "flatlanders" kubva kuNew York.
Mukutarisana nekushushikana kuri kuramba kuchikwira mudunhu, Gavhuna weRepublican Deane Davis, mukuru weinishuwarenzi yemuno, akakurudzira vagari veVermont (panguva iyoyo 440,000 chete muhuwandu) kuti vadzikame. Muchiziviso chehurumende, Davis akataura kuti โvazhinji vevadiki vachangobva zeraโ vanobatanidzwa muiyi โinonzi โHippie influxโ vanoita bhizimisi ravo nenzira yokuzvimirira, ine runyararo, kunyange zvazvo tsika dzavo nechitarisiko zvingasava kwatiri. kuravira.โ
Vacherechedzi vashomananaโkunyange vaya vanotora pfungwa yokuti โraramai-regai-i-i-i tirarameโโvaifungidzira kuti โnguva pfupiโ idzi dzinogona kuva nepesvedzero yezvematongerwe enyika zvechigarire. (Zvisinei, pakati pavo paiva nomumwe wechiduku aiomerera kuBrooklyn ainzi Bernie Sanders uyo akatenga turakiti rine matanda 85 maeka pedyo neMontpelier neUS$2,500 XNUMX asi โasina kumbofarira shoko rokuti hippie kana kumbofunga kuti ndiye,โ anodaro Daley.) Richard Pollak bedzi Kufanoona zvakanaka zvakange zvakamirira Davis neGOP yake kana "vechidiki vakaparadzaniswa nenyika vakasarudza kuenderera mberi nekutora nzvimbo yeVermontโฆ.nekuvhota!" Sezvinyorwa zveDaley, kushandura huwandu hwevanhu uye kusangana kusingatarisirwi pakati pevachangotanga nevekuzvarwa veVermonters, mumakore makumi mashanu apfuura, vakashandura chigaro cheRepublican kwenguva refu kuita nyika yakasimba yebhuruu, yava kuzivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekufambira mberi kwayo kwemitemo, musocialist US Senator, uye yakabudirira. kuruboshwe-bapiro rechitatu bato.
Kudzokera kuNyika
Asati aita mutori wenhau weRutland Herald uye, gare gare, purofesa wezvenhau, Yvonne Daley aive wesangano reVermont "kudzokera kunyika". Mubhuku rake, anoteedzera mafambiro emunhu uye ezvematongerwo enyika evamwe vaanogara navo. Nokufamba kwenguva, vakawanda vakabatanidzwa mumatare akasarudzwa, makomisheni, uye, chokwadika, misangano yegore negore yetaundi munzvimbo umo 65 muzana yechiverengero chavagari vapasi ichiri kugara mumaruwa. Hurukuro dzake dzinonakidza dzinomutsa kuperevedza kwendangariro dzekare, dzakanaka nedzakaipa, pamwe nedziviriro yekuda kupesana kwaimbofungwa kuve kwakakosha.
"Red Clover yanga isiri mubatanidzwa," anosimbirira mumwe wevakatanga navo, John Douglas, mugadziri wemafirimu ane hunyanzvi mumakore makumi matanhatu. โTakanga tiri boka. Takanga tichiita marevolutionaries makuru. " Sezvinorondedzerwa naDaley, Douglas nevamwe vakaedza kubatanidza network yepasirese-tsika, inonzi Free Vermont, asi vakabudirira zvakanyanya munharaunda. Common Ground, nzvimbo yavo yekudyira yemuriwo yevashandi muBrattleboro, yakararama kwemakore makumi matatu nematanhatu. Yakanga iri yekutanga yerudzi rwayo muVermont, uye yakagadzira chikafu chemuno co-op, ikozvino chikamu chenyeredzi ine nyeredzi iri kusimuka Musika weguta wakabatana muBurlington. Yayo $36 miriyoni muhuwandu hwekutengesa kwegore yakakura kupfuura chero imwe chete co-op yekubuda munyika.
Kukwira Nyika inotsanangura mabatiro akafararira evatsva vakafemerwa makore makumi matanhatu pakurima organic, "farm-to-table" network yekugovera, hutano hwevakadzi, hunyanzvi nehunyanzvi, dzidzo yepamusoro uye mimhanzi. (Muzvikamu zviviri zvekupedzisira, tinodzidza nezvebasa reGoddard College mukuumbwa kwePhish!) Mapurazi emukaka anotungamirirwa nemhuri anogona kunge achiri kuderera, asi zvakazara, hupfumi hwekurima hweVermont hwemadhora 776 miriyoni hwakanga hwakakura kupfuura chero nyika muNew England. makore maviri apfuura. Misika yayo yevarimi makumi mapfumbamwe inopa chikafu chitsva kupfuura chero imwe nyika pamunhu. Iyo ine mapurazi anosvika mazana matanhatu ane certified organic, kusanganisira imwe inofambiswa naDavid Zuckerman, mutungamiri wepony-tailed weVermont Progressive Party akasarudzwa Lt.-Gavhuna muna 600-nemuvhoti mumwecheteyo akaramba mubatanidzwa weDemocrat achifarira Republican stock mota. mujaho, Phil Scott, mumujaho wegubernatorial.
Zvinonzi naDaley "Entrepreneurship-Hippie Style" yakabhadhara mari yakawanda kune vagadziri vemhando dzemuno seBen & Jerry's, dzakatengeswa muna 2000 kuUnilever, uye Jogbra (nee Jockbra) akatengesa makore gumi apfuura kuPlaytex Corp. Iyo yakazvarwa muBrooklyn. ice cream magnates, Ben Cohen naJerry Greenfield, vakabatsira kuwana Vermont Businesses for Social Responsibility, boka guru uye rekare rehurumende yerudzi rwayo ine nhengo dzinopfuura 750 mumakambani e640. Kukwira Nyika inoratidza kuti vasingawirirani vakakweverwa sei kuVermont "vaisangoda chete kubuda munhangemutange yemakonzo nekuvaka rumwe rudzi rwehupenyu;" ivo, seizvo aichimbova mutori wenhau weRutland Herald Tom Slayton anocherekedza, โvaida kutsungirira chando chakareba, kurarama zviri nyore, uye kuita basa rakaoma romuviri.โ Pashure pokunge โchienzi chokutanga chevatsva chapera, vavakidzani vavo veVermont vakaona kuti vaigoverana mipimo yakawanda navo.โ
Vamwari veMakomo
The rollicking plot of Radio Yemahara Vermont inoratidza anoona nezvezvakatipoteredza Bill McKibben rudo rwake kuindasitiri yehunyanzvi uye zvekurima munharaunda yake yekurerwa. SaDaley, anobva kuMassachusetts pakutanga asi iye zvino anogara kusiri kure neMiddlebury College, uko kuvepo kwake kwekambasi kwakabatsira kutanga. 350.org. Mu "ngano yekupokana" yaMcKibben, mushambadzi anodiwa weVermont radio show anonzi Vern Barclay anodzingwa basa obva ateverwa nemapurisa nekuparadza nhepfenyuro yake yekuvhurwa kwechitoro cheWalmart. Mupanduki asingafungidzirwe, Barclay ane makore makumi manomwe nemaviri ekuzvarwa anoenda pasi pevhu, achibatsirwa netsoko-wrenchers anotevera kunanga Starbucks, Coors Chiedza, uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvekambani pesvedzero.
Pakati pevabatsiri veVern's tech-savvy pane mukadzi murwi uye menduru yegoridhe mubiathlon, akadzoka aora mwoyo kubva kubasa rake rechiuto muIraq. Kuronga kwavo kwekugadzira kunoitika, pakati pechando, "kusviba kwese kunomushungurudza" nekuti,
"[t] nyika yakanga yadziya nekukurumidza uye nekuoma kupfuura chero munhu anga afanotaura. Nechando cheArctic chakanyunguduka, pakanga pasina nzvimbo yekuvakira kutonhora kwakanyanya kwaigara kuchiratidzira nguva yechando muVermont. Gungwa reChamplain harina kutonhora zvakanyanya, uye, kana chando chadonha, chaiwanzova kwemaawa mashomanana pakati pemvura zhinji. Vern aiziva kuti aifanira kunge achinetseka nezvevanhu vekuBangladesh vakabatikana vachivaka madhishi kuti gungwa rirambe riri kureโasi nguva yechando inodziya, ine madhaka ndiyo yainyanya kumunetsaโฆโ
Kubva munhevedzano yedzimba dzakachengetedzeka, Barclay inowana nzira dzehungwaru dzekusimudzira kushorwa kwesimba rekambani, kuparadza kwezvakatipoteredza, uye doro risiri rekugadzira. Kufambiswa neRadio Yemahara Vermont kunomutsa gakava rinonakidza, renyika yose pamusoro pezvinogoneka uye kunaka kwekuparadzaniswa kubva kuUSA inotungamirwa naTrump. Zvakawanda zvekutsinhana ikoko kunotsinhira chishuwo chekuzvisarudzira, demokrasi yakananga, uye kugarisana kune runyararo kunoratidzwa nezvidzidzo zvaDaley mu Going Up the Country.
Mune satire yaMcKibben, zviremera zveVermont zvinodzokororwa nekupokana neBarclay's deft yekudaidza nhoroondo yenzvimbo netsika. "Pasi pevhu, pasi pesimba uye pasi petsoka," Radio Free Vermont inotora chinangwa kune vakuru vehurumende vemazuva ano nevashandi vavo, vachiyeuchidza vose kuti, mumashoko asingafi aEthan Allen, "vamwari vemipata havasi ivo vamwari vemarudzi. zvikomo.โ Nenguva isipi, mahofisi emuno ave kubhururuka โMahara Vermontโ mabhena akagadzirwa naamai vaBarclay vane makore makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu. Mabhampa anonamirwa pamarori anofarira "Barclay for Prime Minister!"
Ndekupi kure kure kure kure nemunyori ratidziro yekunyepedzera yesecessionist manzwiro munyika inovavarira kuve muenzaniso wehutsanana kwezvakatipoteredza uye kusimba? Zvakanaka, iyo pfungwa yekusiya yakasara yeUS kumashure yakanyatso kuyambuka pfungwa dzevashoma vechokwadi veVermonters kanopfuura kamwe munguva yakapfuura. Zvisinei nekubudirira kwake pave paya pakusarudza mutongi werunyararo weguta reGoshen, VT. (huwandu hwazvino: 164), Daley uye "mamwe mahippie anogara kumagumo eNorth Goshen Road" vakamboparadzaniswa naRichard Nixon's America zvekuti "vaive nepfungwa dzekubuda mumubatanidzwa" senhengo dzesangano rakarongwa munharaunda "North Goshen Secessionist. Sosaiti.โ
Kuenda Kuzvimiririra?
Muna 2003, vatsigiri veSecond Vermont Republic, boka rakavambwa namushakabvu Thomas Naylor, aimbove purofesa weDuke University, vakakurudzira kupatsanurana mufashoni yepamusoro. Pamusoro pekuzivikanwa kwayo, mushandirapamwe waNaylor wekuzvimirira wakaisa Vermont paTime runyorwa rwe "Top 10 Aspiring Nations" uye akahwina rutsigiro rwegumi nenhatu muzana yevavhoti vanokodzera, maererano nesarudzo ya2007 yakaitwa neUVM's Center for Rural Studies. Mumwe mumiriri weNaylor-backed aimirira gavhuna muna 2010 akakurudzira vimbiso yekubvisa mauto eVermont National Guard munzvimbo dzese dzemhiri kwemakungwa, chinangwa chakakosha icho, zvisinei, chakakwezva chete .8 muzana yemavhoti pamushandirapamwe wake. Kukwirira kwekuzviparadzanisa kwakadzikira, sekureva kwaMcKibben, apo vamwe vamiriri venzvimbo "vakabvumirana neboka revanhu vane rusaruro vekumaodzanyemba" (vaive vasingafarire kushora mauto kana imperialism).
Munguva ichangopfuura, Gavhuna Scott, muRepublican ane mwero akatsanangurwa naMcKibben se "mushori akasimba waVaTrump," akamutsa gakava nekufungidzira kwake pachena pamusoro pekuti Vermont inogona sei kumira-kana kumira yega-pakatarisana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Mushure memoto wemusango wekumaodzanyemba kweCalifornia munguva yechando yadarika, Scott akaudza vatori venhau veko kuti nzvimbo yeVermont uye maratidziro enzvimbo anogona kuidzivirira matambudziko akafanana. Muchokwadi, kana mwoto neperevedzo yemvura zvikapararira kune imwe nzvimbo, izvo "zvingave neimwe nzira zvinobatsira kuVermont," gavhuna akadaro. "Kana tikachengetedza zviwanikwa zvedu, tinogona kushandisa izvi senzira yehupfumi."
Kuvakawanda, tsinhiro dzaScott dzakaratidzira kusanzwisisa kwamasimba masimba kweshoko rokuti โkudziya kwepasi.โ Zvakadaro uyo akahwina makumi matatu mujaho paThunder Road Speed โโโโBowl muBarre, Vt. aive nevadziviriri venzvimbo. Sara Solnick, nyanzvi yezvehupfumi yeYunivhesiti yeVermont, akabvuma kuti โkune vanokunda nguva dzose nevakundwa nemhando dzose dzekuchinja,โ kusanganisira mamiriro ekunze edu. Kana dzimwe nyika dzikasagarika nekuda kwekusanaya kwemvura, moto, kana mafashama, Solnick akafanoona shanduko yenguva yakapfuura yekutama kuenda kuSunbelt kubva kuNew England ine chando. Muchidimbu, fungu rinotevera reโvapambiโ veVermont vangava vapoteri vanobva mumamiriro ekunze akashata kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero!
Mharidzo yeMcKibben's comic novel, hongu, yakatosiyana. Iko hakuna pekugara kubva kumhepo yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, sekunyorwa kwemabhuku ake mazhinji asiri engano. Pakupedzisira, munhu wose ari panyika achava pakati pevacharasikirwa. Zvisinei nerunako rwayo rwenzvimbo, rusarura rune magumo chaiwo semhinduro yekuruboshwe yeruzhinji kune kudyidzana kwepasi rose uye kwakawanda kwakaipa kuyambuka muganhu. Zvakadaro, sezvo vatsva veVermont vakatsanangurwa naDaley vakakurumidza kudzidza, kupinda mune zvematongerwo enyika munharaunda inoramba iri imwe yenzira dzakanakisa dzekubatanidza nyaya dzenyika nedzepasirese kune zvinonetsa munharaunda yekumaruwa. Muna 2018 zvichienda mberi, chero munhu ari kuronga kuita mushandirapamwe wenguva pfupi kana kugarisa kwenguva refu mune chero matunhu matsvuku emazuva ano anofanira kutanga abvunza. Kukwira Nyika. Kutarisisa kwaDaley kuVermont isati yatanga uye mushure mekunyorwa kwayo "hippie invasion" igwara rinobatsira pakuvaka mabhiriji kune vavakidzani vatsva kwete kuruboshwe kana chero padyo nayo.
Steve Early aive anopikisa hondo muVermont pakati pa1968 na1972, asati apinda mubato revashandi. Ndiye munyori, munguva pfupi yapfuura, we Refinery Town: Mafuta Makuru, Mari Yakakura, uye Kugadziriswa kweGuta reAmerica kubva kuBeacon Press. Anogona kusvikwa pa [email inodzivirirwa].
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