Kusvikira vanhu vemazuva ano vasvika, makondinendi ese kunze kweAntarctica aive aine megafauna. Munyika dzeAmerica, padivi pemastodons, mammoth, nzou dzine makumbo mana uye spiral-tusked, paiva nebeaver yakakura sebere dema: mafiti masere kubva pamhino kusvika kumuswe. Paiva nenyati huru dzairema matani maviri, dzakanga dzakatakura nyanga dzakareba mamita manomwe.
The bere rine chiso chipfupi rakamira 13ft mumasokisi aro ekumashure. Imwe fungidziro inosimbisa kuti saizi yaro inoshamisa uye inokatyamadza dura remazino uye nzwara ndizvo zvinozivikanwa zvenyanzvi yekutsvaira: iyo nyanzvi mukudzinga shumba hombe uye sabretooth katsi kubva kune avo vaabata. The Argentina roc (Argentavis magnificens) yakanga ine mapapiro akareba 26ft. Sabretooth salmon yakareba mamita mapfumbamwe yakatama ichikwira nzizi dzemahombekombe ePacific.
Mukati menguva yakapfuura yakatarisana nechando, Britain neEurope dzaive neakawanda megafauna dzatave kushamwaridzana nenzvimbo dzinopisa: nzou dzemusango, zvipembere, mvuu, shumba nemapere. Nzou, zvipembere uye mvuu zvakaendeswa kumaodzanyemba kweEurope neaizi, ndokuzoparadzwa makore angangoita 40,000 XNUMX apfuura pakasvika vanhu vemazuva ano. Shumba nemapere vakaramba vachiti: shumba dzaivhima mhembwe mumarara eBritain kusvika makore 11,000 XNUMX apfuura. Kugovaniswa kwemhuka idzi hakunei nechekuita netembiricha: chete kwadzakashanduka-shanduka nevanhu uye dzakadzidza kudzitya ndipo dzakararama.
Miti mizhinji inodonha muEurope inogona kumera pese panotyoka hunde. Vanogona kupona chirango chakanyanya - kubira, kupatsanura, kutsikwa - kunoitwa kana ruzhowa rwaiswa. Understorey miti yakadai seholly, box uye yew ine midzi yakaoma uye matavi kupfuura miti ye canopy, pasinei nekutakura huremu hushoma. Miti yedu, nemamwe mazwi, inotakura zviratidzo zvakasimba zvekujairana nenzou. Blackthorn, iyo ine mizongoza yakareba, inoita seyakagadzirwa zvakanyanya kumisa kubhurawuza nemhembwe; asi kwete, zvichida, zvipembere.
Zvese izvi zvakakanganwika, kunyangwe nenyanzvi dze ecologists. Verenga chero bepa pamusoro penzou nemiti iri kumabvazuva kweAfrica uye ichakuudza kuti marudzi mazhinji vakajairana ne "hedge" mukupindura kurwiswa kwenzou. Asi, mukati mokutsvaka mabhuku kwemazuva matatu muraibhurari yeBodleian, chandaigona kuwana pakuchinja kwenzou muEurope waiva mutongo wokurasa mune rimwe bepa resayenzi. Nzou musango ndiyo nzou iri mumba: chokwadi chikuru uye chiri pachena icho munhu wese akafuratira.
Kubva ipapo yakawanda yeEurope, kunyanya Britain, yakarasikirwa nemesofauna ayo mazhinji zvakare: bison, moose, boar, wolf, bere, lynx, wolverine - kunyangwe, munzvimbo zhinji, wildcat, beavers uye capercaillie. Kurasikirwa uku, zvinoshamisa, kwagara kwakavharirwa mukati nemutemo wekuchengetedza.
Nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza dzinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa mune izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti "favourable condition", izvo zvinoreva mamiriro ayo akawanikwa ari paakasarudzwa. Kazhinji kazhinji iyi inzvimbo yekuderera zvakanyanya, kungokweshwa kweiyo yaimbova ine simba uye ine simba ecosystem. Njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza dzatinoti nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka dzinowanzochengetwa muiyi mugariro wokupera kupfurikidza nokupindira kwakasimba: kutema nokupisa miti ipi neipi inodzoka; kufudzwa nezvipfuwo pakuwanda uye kwenguva refu kupfuura zvingambowanikwa muzvisikwa. Iyo ethos yekuchengetedza inopfupikiswa zvakachena mumubvunzo wekunyomba waRitchie Tassell, "zvakaita sei zvakasikwa tisati tauya?"
Kuburikidza nekugadzirisa patsva - kudzoreredzwa kwakawanda kwezvipenyu - ndinoona mukana wekudzosera kuparadzwa kwepasirese. Ndichitsvagurudza bhuku rangu Feral, ndakasangana nehurongwa hwekudzokorodza munzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzeEurope, kusanganisira zvimwe (zvakadai se Miti Yehupenyu muScotland uye Wales Wild Land Foundation) muUK, izvo zvave kutanga kuratidza kuti zvisikwa zvinokurumidza kupindura sei patinomira kuedza kuzvidzora. Kudzoreredza, mukuona kwangu, kunofanirwa kusanganisira kudzoreredza mhuka nezvirimwa zvisipo, kudzikisa fenzi, kuvhara migero yemvura, kubvisa mashoma anonyanya kurwisa ekunze asi neimwe nzira akamira kumashure. Ndezvekusiya dzidziso yemubhaibheri yekutonga iyo yakatonga hukama hwedu nenyika.
Chinhu chega chinodzivirira kukurumidza kudzokororwa muEU imari yeruzhinji. Kurima kunotsigirwa paivhu risina mbereko (zvikuru, nzvimbo dzakakwirira) kuburikidza nemutero wevateresi.. Pasina rubatsiro rwedu, kunenge kurima kwese kumakomo kwaizomira pakarepo. Handisi kushevedzera izvozvo, asi ndinofunga yave nguva iyo hurongwa hwerubatsiro rwepurazi hwakamira kumanikidza varimi kuparadza mhuka dzesango. Parizvino, kuti vatore mari yavo yepurazi imwe chete, varimi vanofanira kudzivirira "kupindirwa kwezvinomera zvisingadiwe panzvimbo yekurima". Havafanire kuburitsa chero chinhu: vanongofanira kuchengetedza ivhu riri mu "agricultural condition", zvinoreva kuti pasisina.
Ndinokurudzira shanduko mbiri kuhurumende yerubatsiro. Chekutanga ndechekuvharisa huwandu hweminda iyo varimi vanogona kutora mari yavo pamahekita zana (100 acres). Zvinoshatirisa kuti varimi vakuru vanokohwa mamiriyoni gore negore kubva pane zvakawanda vateresi varombo, nekuva neminda yakawanda kudaro. Chivharo chaizopa varimi vadiki mukana pane hombe. Chechipiri ndechekubvisa mutemo wemamiriro ekurima.
Mhedzisiro yekuchinja uku kwaizove kuona kuti varimi vezvikomo vane hukama hwakasimba kune ivhu netsika netsika, mutauro netsika vacharamba vachirima (uye kuramba vachidzikisa mari yavo ne kufudza makwai nemombe zvinoparadza). Mapurazi asipo vanenge varimo kuti vawane rubatsiro chete vaizoona kuti zviri nani kutora mari yacho uye kubvumira nyika kuti idzoke.
Pasinei nekuedza kwakanakisisa kwehurumende, varimi nevanochengetedza, zvisikwa zvave kutotanga kudzoka. Imwe fungidziro inoratidza kuti zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvenzvimbo dzaimbova masango dzeUS dzakatemera masango, sezvo kurima nekutema miti kwadzokera shure, kunyanya kubva kumabvazuva kwehafu yenyika.
Imwe inokurudzira kuti panosvika 2030 varimi vari mukondinendi yeEurope (kunyangwe isiri muBritain, uko pasina shanduko huru inotarisirwa) vachabva kunotenderedza 75m acres, inenge saizi yePoland. Kunyange iyo mesofauna yatotanga kupararira kuEurope, nzvimbo dzepasi dzesaizi iyi dzinogona kubvumira kudzoserwa kweimwe megafauna yedu yakarasika. Nei Europe isingafaniri kuva neSerengeti kana maviri?
Kupfuura zvese, kudzoreredza kunopa yakanaka yezvakatipoteredza. Vezvezvakatipoteredza vave vachiziva zvavari kupikisa; zvino tinogona kutsanangura zvatiri. Inosuma tariro apo tariro yairatidzika kuva isipo. Zvinotipa mukana wekutsiva chitubu chedu chakanyarara nechirimo chine ruzha.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta