Dehenya reshuga rinohwina mubairo rinoratidzwa paAlfeñique Museum muToluca. Credit: Tamara Pearson
Madehenya eshuga ekuMexico anoita kuti rufu ruve runako, rwezvematongerwo enyika, uye rusekese - asi vazhinji vekuMadokero havangazvione seunyanzvi. Muchokwadi, ipfungwa yekunyomba uye neimwe nzira yekusarura kuti art inofanirwa kuitwa nenzira yekuMadokero kuti ive art, uye kuti inofanirwa kuvharirwa mumagalari uye inotengeswa nemitengo yeelitist kuti itorerwe zvakanyanya.
Kakawanda, unyanzvi hunogadzirwa munyika dzine urombo hunorambwa neboka rakaderera re“mabasa emaoko.” Asi kufamba munzira Alfeñique zvakanaka (zvichida: skulls skulls) pakupera kwevhiki uye kutaura nevamwe vemazana evatambi vanotengesa mahehenya anoshamisa, zvaive pachena kuti havana kubvumirana.
"Zvinotora mwedzi miviri kuti tiite zvese izvi, uye tinozviita zvese nemaoko," akadaro mugadziri wedehenya reshuga Marco Antonio Garcia Gonzalez.
"Uhu hunyanzvi - isu tinofunga nezve magadzirirwo, uye isu tinoshandura magadzirirwo gore rega rega. Tinobatanidza chivanhu nezvatiri kusangana nazvo panguva ino, nemazuva ano. Muno muMexico, tinodavira mukukudza vakafa, avo vanesu nguva dzose. Saka vanhu vanotora izvi zvakanyanya uye vanotsvaga chimwe chinhu chakakosha kwavari kupa (chipo kana Zuva reatari yakafa mumamiriro ezvinhu aya). Hunyanzvi uhu chiratidzo cheMexico, "akadaro Jose Antonio Nava.
Hurukuro iyi iri kuitwa kwemavhiki maviri muguta reToluca, pamberi peZuva Revakafa. Pakati peguta, pane nzvimbo dzinosvika zana dzinotengesa matehenya akagadzirwa netsvigiri yakakosha, kana musanganiswa weamaranth, kana chokoreti. Confetti (kushongedza mapepa-akacheka madhizaini) uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshandiswa muZuva revakafa mupiro zviripo zvakare. Imwe neimwe danga inofambiswa nenyanzvi kana nemhuri kana boka, uye chimwe nechimwe chine dhizaini rakasiyana. Madehenya avo ese akagadzirwa nemaoko, kunyangwe madiki, anowanikwa nedhora chete kana maviri, akagadzirwa zvakajeka nekukurumidza.
"Ini ndinofunga nezve art iyi. Rufu runoitika kumunhu wese, uye zvatiri kuita pano zvinomiririra izvozvo. Isu tiri kuchengetedzawo tsika kubva pre-hispanic nguva. Madehenya atinoita anoreva zvakawanda. Tinovaisa kwedu kupa uyezve mushure meZuva revakafa tinozvidya nekunakidzwa nazvo,” muimbi Araceli Sanchez Millán akandiudza.
Collective Artistic Expression
Munyika dzekuMadokero, hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hunoiswa kune munhu - kune mashoma magamba ehunyanzvi. Asi hunyanzvi umo nharaunda dzese uye mhomho yevanhu vanotora chikamu kune yakadzama yemagariro uye yekugadzira kukosha.
Alfeñique "unyanzvi hwechokwadi hunofarirwa, hunodyiwa nekutariswa ... hatihupi kukosha kwahunofanira kuva nahwo, sebasa reunyanzvi nevanhu. Zvisinei, izvi zvivezwa zveshuga zvechokwadi, zvakagadzirwa nechinhu chakaoma zvikuru kushanda nacho kupfuura ivhu,” akanyora Maria Teresa Pomar, nyanzvi muMexico yakakurumbira art.
Art - kusanganisira aya madehenya eshuga, uye anosanganisira murals uye Mexico ine simba alebrije zvisikwa - kana zvichiitwa nevanhu, kune vanhu, zvinoverengera pfungwa yekuti kusika ndeyevakuru. Inogona kutumira meseji yakasimba yezvematongerwo enyika: Mexico nevanhu veko vanokodzera kuremekedzwa uye kuremekedzwa, uye Mexico ine chiziviso kunze kwenarcos inoratidzwa mumafirimu eHollywood, uye nekupfuura kwerudyi-bapiro rinofinha stereotypes.
Asi nhoroondo dzekuMadokero - tourism nyaya uye madhairekitori nezvimwe zvirimo - vanowanzo bvisa matehenya eshuga se "mabasa emaoko," "zviyeuchidzo," kana, zvakanyanya, "unyanzvi hwevanhu," - kuona hunyanzvi maererano nemashandiro azvinoita, uye kuregedza mitengo yemitengo nehunyanzvi hwekuMadokero. pfungwa dzekuzvimiririra uye hunyanzvi hutsva hunoraira kukosha kwekusika kwavanako.
MuUS, zvinoita sekunge, vachena vanofarawo commercialize, co-opt, uye purofiti kubva kuZuva Revakafa nezviratidzo zvaro, asi vasingade kuziva hutungamiriri hweMexico. UNESCO, zvirinani, inobvuma Zuva Revakafa seIsingabatike Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Dehenya neShuga: Kuseka Vapambi
Zuva revakafa, rinopembererwa kubva 31 Gumiguru kusvika 2nd yaMbudzi, i kufarira zvoupenyu, kukudza madzitateguru, uye chiseko cherufu. Kusvikira zvishoma 3,000 makore apfuura, vanhu munharaunda vakanamata mapfupa enhengo dzemhuri dzakafa senzira yekutaurirana nenyika yemweya, uye vaMexicas neAztec vakashandisa dehenya sechiratidzo chakakosha mumatemberi, uye chinhu chesimba. VaAztec vakaita mutambo wokupemberera mwarikadzi Mictecacihuatl, “mukadzi wevakafa” anotarisira mapfupa evakafa. Mushure mekurwisa kweSpain, Zuva revakafa rakatorawo mamwe maitiro echiKristu.
Zvadaro, mukutanga kwema1900, Jose Guadalupe Posada akanyora Catrina (Dehenya reCatrina), pakati pemamwe etchings. Akamukweva sedehenya - chiratidzo chevaMexico - vakapfeka ngowani yemhando yepamusoro - chiratidzo chevakuru vekuEurope, kumiririra avo vekuMexico vaishuvira kuEuropean kana elitist tsika. Iye zvino, anoumba chikamu chikuru cheMhemberero dzeVakafa veVakafa, achiratidzwa pakati pemadehenya eshuga, mumifananidzo, uye mukupfeka-up uye maparadhi.
Iyo nzira yekugadzira matehenya eshuga inosiyana kubva mudunhu nedunhu uye muimbi kune muimbi: muPuebla state maamondi, nzungu, mhodzi dzemanhanga, uye zai zvinowanzoshandiswa, nepo muOaxaca uchi hunozivikanwa. Iyo shuga paste pakutanga yakabva kuPersia, yakagamuchirwa kuSpain, ndokuzounzwa kuMexico, uko vanhu vakanga vatova nenhamba dzavo Zvipiriso yakagadzirwa kubva kumaranth. Nhasi, vanhu vanogadzira Zvipiriso mudzimba dzavo - nematanho matatu anomiririra zvinhu uye nyika isingaonekwi, kana nhanho nomwe kusvika masere, nekuda kwemiedzo vaAztec vanotenda kuti mweya inofanira kupfuura. Nharaunda dzakasiyana, zvikoro, nzvimbo dzebasa, uye vanhu dzimwe nguva vanovaka pamwe chete Zvipiriso, neTlahuicas, somuenzaniso, holding mhemberero uye kurangarira vatungamiriri vakafa uye zviremera, uye Matlatzinca ichigadzira arch, ine zvirongwa muchimiro chezuva, kuvhenekera mweya yevakafa. Vanoshandisawo chingwa muchimiro chemhuka.
Kushandisa Izwi rekuti “mabasa emaoko” Kureva Kuderera
Mamwe madehenya ari kuratidzwa paToluca fair ari nyore, uye kana tichifunga nezvemabasa emaoko, tinowanzofunga nezvechimwe chinhu chisingabatanidzwe pane "hunyanzvi chaihwo." Asi Andy Warhol's Skulls (1976), semuenzaniso, zvaive zvakareruka - saka pane chokwadi here pamusiyano uyu pakati pe "hunyanzvi" ne "mabasa emaoko," kana mazwi inzira iri nyore yekusimudza mamwe marudzi ehunyanzvi, nekudzikisira mamwe?
Art, maererano Merriam-Webster uye Collins, ndiyo "Kushandisa hunyanzvi uye fungidziro yekugadzira mukugadzira zvinhu zvinoyevedza ... kuti vanhu vatarise uye vayemure kana kufunga zvakadzama nezvazvo." Hapana chinhu mune iyo tsanangudzo inotonga kunze kweMexico skulls. Iwe unogona zvakare kupokana kuti mhizha inodzokororwa kakawanda, maererano nefomula, asi maartist anozivikanwa ekuMadokero anoteverawo masitayera uye mafambiro. Iwe unogona kukakavara kuti mapendi emagalari anotengesa art kune yakawanda - asi icho chiratidzo chekusaenzana mune zvehunyanzvi, pane chikonzero chekusiyanisa.
A New York Times chinyorwa akabvunza kana "unyanzvi hwepamusoro" hwaifanira kureva "zvirinani" hunyanzvi, nemunyori achitaura chinhu chakasimba: "Tichifunga nezvekurumbidzwa uye mari yakadururwa munyika yehunyanzvi hwepamusoro nevateresi nemakambani ... Pamwe 'chinhu chechiratidzo' izano rekushambadzira. kune maartist akawanda. "
Muchokwadi, pfungwa yenyanzvi yekuMadokero yakange isipo kusvika pave nekuvandudzwa kweEurope, apo vanyori vakamira kubhadharwa nemakumbo mana ekupenda, uye panzvimbo pacho vakabhadharwa zvichienderana nekukodzera, munyori wenhau dzakaitika Laura Morelli. vakakavadzana. Vapendi nezvivezwa "zvakakwidziridzwa kuva rock star chinzvimbo" nepo avo vachiri kugadzira zvigadziko zvemwenje, midziyo ye ceramic, uye zvishongo zvegoridhe zvaizivikanwa semhizha. Basa ravo raionekwa sekushongedza uye rakaderera.
Nhasi, musiyano mukuru pakati pezvinonzi unyanzvi kana mabasa emaoko ane zvakawanda zvokuita kuti ndiani ari kugadzira unyanzvi, uye ndiani ari kutenga: kana ari muchena akapfuma, kana murombo, mukadzi wekuMexico. Musiyano uripo pakati pematemu maviri aya unogadzira hukuru hwekukosha, nehunyanzvi hwekuMadokero hwakasimudzwa pamusoro pehunyanzvi kubva kuAfrica, Latin America, uye zvikamu zveAsia.
Migumisiro yehutungamiri hwakadaro yakaoma: iyo inonzi "mhizha" inoshanda mukusazivikanwa, inowana mari shoma, inotorwa zvishoma, netsika yavo yose yakaderedzwa. Pakupedzisira, ndinofunga kuti dehenya art uye alebrije yeMexico inofanirwawo chinzvimbo che rock star.
Tamara Pearson anga achidzidzisa hunyanzvi uye fungidziro muzvikoro muVenezuela neMexico kwemakore mashanu, anga ari mutori wenhau kwemakore gumi nemanomwe, ndiye munyori we Jeri reButterfly, uye mablog pa Resistance Words.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta
10 Comments
Muy buen artículo, me ha aclarado muchas cosas. Sigan así, muchas gracias.
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Buen articulo! Esas calaveras son maravillosas, mi pregunta es si alguien sabe como subir la pagina web a Znetcompleta para hacer el linkbuilder! vamos romual, danos mas claves!
https://pubcrawl.madrid/
Pues bueno que se me olvido mencionar unos lindos pañales para bebe;
https://todoecofriendly.es/panales-ecologicos-y-reutilizables
A que bonito ejemplo es el que nos enseña don Romu, que viva mexico!!y de papa noel
https://www.depapanoel.shop/
Iyi iri nyore imwe yeakanakisa mablogiki, makorokoto
https://www.decañamo.site/
Amazin post, ichi chinhu chaunogona kuona, apa une askulls ecofriendly
https://todoecofriendly.es/
Wow! Izvi zvinyorwa zvinoshamisa! Kana uchida izvozvo vanokuteerera zvakanaka http://todomicrofonos.com/comprar-microfonos-asmr%F0%9F%8E%A4
Muy buen artículo, sigan con tan buen trabajo muchachos!
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Chinyorwa chinonakidza, chimedu chakanaka chemaoko. Wow!
https://cosasdefaraones.com
Mune ino peji, munyori akatsanangura nzira yekugadzira dehenya reshuga https://decalaveras.com.mx/decorar-una-calavera-azucar/