Bhizinesi uye mapepanhau makuru munaGunyana 2018 anga achiburitsa maakaundi akawanda ekuparara kwemari muna 2008 pamakore gumi ekusvitsa. Iko kutarisisa kwave kwakanangana nekuparara kwebhangi reLehman Brothers uko kwakamhanyisa hurongwa hwemari hwakazara muUS, uye pasi rose, makore gumi apfuura. Hapana mubvunzo kuti tichanzwa zvakawanda nezve tsaona iyi sezvo yapararira kune hofori yeinishuwarenzi kambani, AIG, uye kupfuura iyo kune mamwe mabrokerage (Merrill Lynch), mabhanga epakati-saizi (Washington Mutual), kumaoko emari emakambani emotokari. GMAC) uye makuru conglomerates (GE Credit), kune "yakakura kwazvo kuti ikundikane" mabhangi seBhange reAmerica neCitigroup uye nekumwe. Aya "mashumo" anowanzo kurondedzera mune zvakasikwa, zvisinei, uye anopa zvishoma munzira yeyakadzama yenhoroondo uye yekuongorora dzidziso.
Kufanana & Kuenzanisa 1929 & 2008
Zvinowanzotaurwa kuti mwedzi yekutanga yekuparara kwa2008-09 yakaisa hupfumi hweUS panzira yekudonha zvakada kufanana neiyo ya1929-30. Kurasikirwa nemabasa kwaiitika pamwero wemiriyoni imwe chete pamwedzi paavhareji kubva muna Gumiguru 1 kusvika munaKurume 2008. Saka munhu angafunga kuti nyanzvi dzezvehupfumi dzinonyanya kutarisisa nguva mbiri idziโ2009-1929 uye 30-2008โkuti vaone kana maitiro kana kuti. zvikonzero zvakafanana zvaiitika kana kuongorora kwakadzama kwenguva dzakatangira 09 na1929 kuti vaone kufanana kwakavapo. Asi havana.
Zvatakawana mushure megore ra2009 kubva kumasangano ehupfumi chaive chiziviso chekuti kuparara kwa2008-09 kwaive "kuderera kukuru," uye kwete "kuderera" kwaiitika kubva 1947 kusvika 2007 muUS Asi hapana kujekeswa kwehuwandu kana. zvine mutsindo kuti chii chinosiyanisa "huru" kubva kune "yakajairika" kudzikira kwakapihwa. Paul Krugman akatanga shoko rokuti, โguru,โ asi akazotadza kutsanangura kuti ukuru hwakanga hwakasiyana sei pane hwenguva dzose. Yakanga iri ongororo yehupfumi nemadverbs.
Zvingave zvakakosha kuti tipe tsananguro iyi kubva pakakoromoka muna 1929-30 zvakazoita kuti pave nekuora mwoyo kukuru, apo hupfumi hweUS hwakaramba huchidzika zvakanyanya kubva muna Gumiguru 1929 kusvika muzhizha ra1933 zvichifambiswa netsaona ina dzebhanga kubva. mukupera kwa1930 kusvika muchirimo 1933 mushure mekuparara kwemusika wemasheya muna Gumiguru 1929. Kusiyana neizvi, kuparara kwemari muna 2008-09 kwakagadziriswa mushure mepakati pegore ra2009. Kumwe kufanana pakati pekuputsika kuviri uku kwaive hupfumi hweUS hwakamira mukati me1933-34 - kusapora kana kudonha zvakare - uye hupfumi hweUS hwakadzikira zvakare kubva 2009-12. Mutungamiri Roosevelt vakatanga chirongwa chekudzoreredza bhizinesi, 1933-34, chakanangana nekukwidza mitengo yebhizinesi pamwe nekubhadharisa bhangi rakakura. Izvi zvakamisa kumwe kudonha kwemari asi hazvina kuunza kudzoreredza chaiko kwehupfumi. Saizvozvo, Obama akabhadhara mabhanga (chaizvoizvo Federal Reserve yakaita) muna 2009 asi chirongwa chake chekudzoreredza cha2009-10, sezvakaita Roosevelt muna 1933-34, hachina kuunza kudzoreredza chaiko kwehupfumi.
Iye zvino misiyano pakati paRoosevelt naObama yakatanga kuratidza. Roosevelt akatendeuka panguva yesarudzo dzepakati pegore muna 1934 kuvimbisa, ndokuunza, zvirongwa zveNew Deal. Upfumi hwakawedzera zvakare mukati memakore 1935-37. Kusiyana neizvi, Obama akawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri pahurongwa hwake hwekudzoreredza bhizinesi muna 2010 nemadhora mazana masere emabhiriyoni emadhora ekuwedzera mutero webhizinesi pamwe nemadhora miriyoni muzvirongwa zveusterity kune isu tese muna Nyamavhuvhu 800. Hazvishamise, kusiyana neRoosevelt's New Deal, Obama's "Phony Deal" yaObama. kupora kwa1-2011 kwakakonzera kuti hupfumi chaihwo hweUS hurambe huchidzikama.
Kuenzanisa kwezvakaitika kare kunoratidza kuti zvose kuora mwoyo kukuru kwe1929-33 (chikamu chekudonha kunoramba kuripo) uye iyo inonzi "kuru" kuderera kwe2008-09 kugovera kufanana kunofadza. Asi apo Roosevelt akatyora kubva kumabhizinesi marongero uye akatarisa paChibvumirano Chitsva chekudzorera mabasa, mihoro, uye mihoro yemhuri, VaObama vakatarisa pakuwedzera kucheka mutero webhizinesi-kureva imwe $1.7 trillion- $800 bhiriyoni Zvita 2010 pamwe neimwe $900 bhiriyoni mukuwedzera George W. Mutero weBush wemamwe makore maviri uye kucheka mapurogiramu evanhu ne $ 2 trillion muna August 1 kubhadhara mutero webhizimisi wegore ra2011-2010.
Kuenzanisa kwemitemo kunoenderana nekupora uye kusapora kunonyatso kujekesa mhedzisiro yekuenzanisa ye1935-37 uye 2010-11, sekuenzaniswa kwemaitiro akatarisana nebhizinesi 1933-34 uye 2009-10 izvo zvakaguma nekudzikama kupora.
Hapana zvishoma zvinonakidza mhedzisiro yezvematongerwo enyika yeDemocratic Party. Kukurudzira kwaRoosevelt muna 1934 pamusoro pevimbiso yeChibvumirano Chitsva kwakakonzera kuti maDemocrats atsvaire Congress kupfuura zvavakaita muna 1932. Muna 1935 vakakwanisa kupinda muChibvumirano Chitsva chakakurudzirwa naRoosevelt. Kusiyana neizvi, kuramba kwaVaObama, uye nekudzika, zvirongwa zvavo zvepro-bhizinesi zvinotarisisa mukati menguva dzepakati pegore ra2010 zvakakonzera kuti maDemocrats awane kurasikirwa kukuru muCongress musarudzo dzepakati petemu dza2010. Mushure mezvo, vakagadziriswa neRepublican House neSeneti iyo yakavhara zvese. VaObama zvakadaro vakaramba vachinanavira uye vachikumbira kuti vawirirane neveRepublicans, asi imbwa yeRepublican yakaruma ruoko rwake nekubata kwese. VaObama vakateterera vavhoti vekuAmerica kuti vawane mukana mumwe zvakare muna 2012 uye vakamupa. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive yakafanana nezvikumbiro zve naรฏve zvekukanganisika, kurambwa, nekuenderera mberi nekumira kwehupfumi hweUS.
MaRepublican akadzamisa hutongi hwemagavhuna ematunhu nematunhu, matare eparamende, uye matare edzimhosva panguva yese yaObama. Mhedzisiro yezvese izvi yaive Trump muna 2016 sezvo Obama Democrats akavimbisa zvimwe zvakafanana musarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika dza2016.
Mhedzisiro yeUS Midterm 2018 Elections
Sezvo imwe sarudzo yepakati petemu yaswedera, Mbudzi 2018, tazadzwa zvakare nemaratidziro enhau e "blue (Democrat) wave" arikuuya. Asi ava vaive vavhoti vamwechete vaizivisa muna Gumiguru 2016 kuti VaTrump vaive nemukana wezvikamu gumi nezvishanu kubva muzana wekukunda musarudzo dza15. Chii chachinja kuti titende vanovhota, vezvenhau, uye maDemocrat panguva ino? Rukundo rushoma rune budiriro munzvimbo dzakasimba, dzemumaguta makuru hazvivimbise kuti vane tariro.
Kuwanda kwevavhoti mumatunhu aya eCongress kunofanirwa kuyerwa pamusoro pekuenderera mberi kweRepublican-Trump kuedza kuramba mamirioni ekodzero dzavo dzekuvhota, kuenderera mberi kwehudzvinyiriri hwemagavhuna anotungamirwa neRepublican nematare emitemo, uye muchina mukuru wemari wemabhirioni. sehama dzaKoch, maMercers, maAdelmans nedzimwe mhuri dzemabhirioni ekurudyi kumashure kwaTrump. Uye ngatisakanganwe mamirioni evanyengeri vechitendero-vane hunhu vekuAmerica vanotsigira Trump zvisinei nekunyomba kwake, rusaruraganda, kurwiswa kwevatori venhau nevanoenda kune dzimwe nyika, uye kusaremekedza kwake kuri pachena kune masangano mashoma edemocracy uye zvakatemerwa muUS.
Ko Millenials zvino achavhota muna 2018 ivo vasina kuvhota muna 2016? Chii chivimbiso kwavari? Nei zvichifanira kuva zvakasiyana iye zvino? MaLatinos neHispanics zvichazoitika here, apo maDemocrats akavimbisa muna Kukadzi apfuura "mutsara mujecha" yebhiri reVaroti kana kusabvumidzwa kwekuwedzera kwechikwereti cheUS - ndokuzopinda mukati zvakare? Vakadzi nenyanzvi (vakazvimiririra) vaneta nemaantics aTrump vanogona kudzoka kuzovhotera maDems, asi zvichakwana here?
Ruzhinji rweAmerica haruzive kuti sarudzo dzepakati petemu dziri kuuya muna Mbudzi 2018 dzinogona kushamisa veruzhinji. kutonga kweImba neSeneti kwemamwe makore maviri? Ko kana iyo bhuruu fungu rikanyura pamahombekombe ekuchinja anga achidzika muAmerica kwemakumi emakore? Mhedzisiro inopesana munaNovember ichava nemhedzisiro "inokatyamadza" yakafanana. Chii chichaitwa nekurudyi kana zvikaita sekuti maDems anohwina Imba uye ovhura kutongwa kwaTrump? (Mukana we2016-50 chete kana vakakunda). Zvikamu makumi matatu kubva muzana zvevavhoti vaTrump vanoonekwa kwaari muchikamu chikuru chete - uye kwete kumasangano edemocracy eAmerica.
Kodzero huru inoungana pamidzi yehuswa. Bannon nevamwe vake, vachikuchidzirwa nemari yeMercers et al., Vanogona kuchinjira kukuratidzira kwakakurumbira nekuratidzira. Vachada "kuyambira" maDems nevamwe kuti kuenderera mberi nekubvisa mhosva kunoreva kuuya kwehondo yeproto-civil munyika. Kutyisidzira kwakadaro, kana kusiri chaiko. Kubatana kwaTrump, vatsigiri vake vakapfuma, uye kusunungura midzi yehuswa Vatsigiri vaTrump mukufamba kwemugwagwa kuchareva imwe nhanho yekuenda kuchiitiko chefascist muUS Isu hatisati tasvika. VaTrump zviri pachena kuti vane hudzvinyiriri nehudzvinyiriri: anozviona ari pamusoro pemutemo (tsanangudzo yeTyrant) sezvaakataura kuti anozviregerera kana apomerwa mhosva. Uye zviri pachena kuti anofarira vamwe varume vane masimba vane masimba vakaita saKim, Duterte, nevamwe. Asi haasati ari mufascist (sezvinonzi vazhinji vanofambira mberi vanotaura zvisirizvo). Nekuda kweizvozvo anoda kufamba mumigwagwa. Bannon, maMercers neshamwari vanogona kumupa iye kana akapomerwa mhosva. Zvese zvinogona kutyisa vanonyara rusununguko uye maDemocrats muCongress kuti asaenderere mberi nekupomera mhosva mune zvese asi kutaura kana vakakunda Imba muna Mbudzi. Hutungamiri hwemaDemocrats huchadzokera shure, zvakare. Zvichave zvese kutaura uye pasina chiito. Isu tichanzwa pachinzvimbo meseji, iro zano chairo: "zadzisa iyo anti-Trump shanduko nekusarudza mutungamiri weDemocrat muna 2020." Zvekare, VaTrump uye nerudyi vanosimudzira mafambiro ehuswa ukuwo maDems achiedza kuburitsa kusagutsikana kwese musarudzo dzadzo.
Asi handicho chave chiri dambudziko remakumi emakore anoverengeka apfuura here? MaRepublicans anoenda kune jugular, anosunungura madhimoni ezvematongerwo enyika muAmerica anogara achinyungudika pasi pepamusoro, unganidza mabhegi emari ekurudyi, kutsveyamisa zvakasara zvemasangano egutsaruzhinji, kuvharira nekukanganisa mitemo yese inofambira mberi, uye "rova dhongi nekutora mazita" eDemocratsโ vanopindura vachitya, vanoedza kutamba nemirau yekare, uye vachiramba vachidzokera shure mukurwiswa kwebapiro rekurudyi.
Neanopfuura zana eDemocrat National Committee, DNC, inoumbwa nevakuru vebhizinesi uye vatengesi vebhizinesi, pane mukana mudiki weDemocratic Party ichanyatso tarisana naTrump nevamiriri vake. Kana maDemocrat akakunda Imba muna Mbudzi, zvinenge zvichinyanya kutaura nezvekupomedzerwa uye mafambiro echiratidziro kune vezvenhau, uku vachitungamira kusagutsikana pakusarudza mamwe maDem muna 100 senzira chaiyo. Zvichakadaro, Trump uye kodzero huru icharamba ichiungana mukudzivirira-zvemutemo, mune zvemari, uye pamidzi yeuswa munzira dziri kuwedzera kupokana.
Dambudziko Rinotevera
Dambudziko rezvemari rinotevera - uye kuderera kwakanyanya kwehupfumi chaihwo zvakare - hakudzivisiki. Uye iri padyo kupfuura kufunga kwevakawanda, kushamiswa nekutaura kwese kwehupfumi hweUS hwakasimba huri kubatsira vepamusoro gumi muzana uye kwete zvimwe. Saka nei nokukurumidza zvakadaro?
Mhinduro kumubvunzo iwoyo haizopihwe nehupfumi hwemazuva ose. Vakabatikana kuzivisa kuwedzera kwehupfumi hweUS - uko kuri kunyanya kufungidzirwa neGDP nemamwe dhata uye izvo zvinotadza kubata masimba akakosha ari pasi peUS nehupfumi hwenyika nhasi, hupfumi hwenyika huri kuramba husina kusimba nekudaro hunotapukira kune imwe. chiitiko chikuru chekusagadzikana kwemari.
Masimba akakonzeresa kuparara kwebhangi muna 2008 akabatana nemabhubhu ezvivakwa (US nepasirese) uye misika yezvinobvamo iyo yakabvumira mabhubhu kuti awedzere kusvika pamazinga asingagoneke, zvakabva zvabva zvaparidzira nekukasira kupararira kwemisika yemari muzhinji kana zvivakwa zvichingoputika. akatanga kudonha. Kuparara kwegore ra2008 kwaisangova dambudziko redzimba, sekutaura kunoita nyanzvi dzezvehupfumi. Zvakanga zvakangofanana, pamwe zvakanyanya, zvakabva kune zvemari asset (MBS, CMBs, CDOs, CDSs, nezvimwewo) dambudziko.
Zvinonyanya kukosha kupfuura kuonekwa kwekuputsika kwemitengo ye subprime mortgages, uye kunyange zvakatorwa kubva ipapo, 2008 yaiva dambudziko rechikwereti chakawandisa uye chikwereti chakaita kuti boom in subprimes uye zvigadzirwa zvikwire kusvika kune bubble proportions.
Asi subprimes uye zvakatorwa zvaive zvichiri zviratidzo zvedambudziko. Zvakatonyanya kukonzeresa, tsaona yemuna 2008 yaive nemavambo ayo makuru mumajekiseni makuru emari nemabhanga epakati, achitungamirwa neUS Fed, zvakaitika kubva pakati pemakore ekuma1980 kusvika parizvino. Kuwanda kwemari kwakapa chikwereti chakachipa icho chakakuchidzira chikwereti chakawandisa chakayerera mu subprimes uye zvakabva ku2008. (Uye pamberi kupfuura kupinda mune tekinoroji mumasheya muna 1998-2000, uye zvisati zvaitika muAsia currencies (1996-97), mumabhanga eJapan uye nemari. misika uye US junk bond uye savings uye zvikwereti muma1980s, zvichingodaro.
Kuwanda kwezvikwereti hakusi iko kwega kunokonzera matambudziko emari, zvisinei. I precondition. Kugonesa chikwereti munzvimbo yekutanga ndiyo yakawandisa liquidity uye chikwereti. Iyo liquidity-kiredhiti-chikwereti kuvaka ndiyo yakaitika mumakore gumi e1920 inotungamira kusvika Gumiguru 1929 stock crash. Ndizvo zvakaitika mumakumi emakore apfuura 2008, kunyanya kukurumidza mushure mekukwira kwemari kubva muma1990 uye mushure.
Chikwereti chakawandisa chinoita kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu edambudziko, asi kudonha kwemitengo yezvinhu zvemari ndiko kuri kukonzera dambudziko, sezvo chikwereti chakawandisa chinenge chavakwa chisingakwanise kubhadharwa zvakare (kureva kuti mukuru uye muripo wemari inobhadharwa). Saka kana kushaya mari kuchipa mafuta edambudziko, chii chinokonzeresa kupisa kwacho? Kudonha kwemitengo ndiko kunobatidza moto.
Kudonha kwemitengo yemasheya muna Gumiguru 1929 kwakakonzera tsaona ina dzebhangi dzakazotevera dze1930-33. Kudonha kwemitengo yezvivakwa (yekugara subprime uye yekutengeserana) muna 2006-07 kwakakonzera kudonha kwemabhanga ekudyara muna 2008, zvichibva zvangoenda kune mamwe masangano emari (mabrokerage, makambani einishuwarenzi, mutual funds, makambani emari emotokari, nezvimwewo) mushure. Kudonha kwebhangi rekudyara reLehman Brothers munaGunyana 2008.
Nhasi, muna 2018, tave nekuwedzera kwechikwereti kubva 2008.
Sezvinofungidzirwa neBank of International Settlements (BIS) kuGeneva, Switzerland, chikwereti cheUS chakakwira kubva pamadhora zviuru makumi mashanu muna 50 kusvika pamadhora matririyoni makumi manomwe mukupera kwa2008. Ruzhinji rwechikwereti chebhizinesi, uye kunyanya bhizinesi risiri remari. chikwereti. Hurumende yeUS yakawedzerawo chikwereti chayo chemubatanidzwa nemabhiriyoni, sezvayakaramba ichikwereta kubva kune vanoisa mari pasi rose kuitira kuti "iite mari" uye kuderedza mitero yevatengesi vebhizinesi uye kuenderera mberi nekukwira kwemari yehondo kubva 70. Chikwereti chemumba cheUS chakakwirawo, sekushaikwa kwemari. muhoro chaiwo uye kukura kwemari mukati memakore gumi epashure-2017 kwakonzera chikwereti chemudzidzi chemadhora 2008 thiriyoni, $2008 tiririyoni pamwe nechikwereti chemotokari nekadhi rechikwereti, uye $1.5- $1tiririyoni yakawanda muchikwereti chemba. Pasi rose, maererano neBIS, chikwereti chebhizinesi chavewo chinhu chikuru chakakonzera kuwedzera zvikwereti-kunyanya kukwereta nemadhora kubva kumabhanga eUS nevanoisa mari (kureva chikwereti chemadhora) nehupfumi hwemusika huri kusimukira pamwe nechikwereti chebhizinesi muChina chakapihwa kuchengetedza nyika. mabhizinesi avo uye mari yekuvaka zvivakwa zvemuno.
Saka mutyairi wechikwereti akaenderera mberi asina kumira kubva 2008, uye akatowedzera. Mabhubhu emari yemidziyo akaonekwa pasi rese โ isingaite iri bhavhu razvino mumasheya eUS. Panguva ino haisi zvikwereti zveimba. Iri bhizinesi risiri rezvemari uye chikwereti chemakambani ndiyo ingangoita nzvimbo yedambudziko rinotevera, kungave kuUS kana pasi rose kana zvese.
Kubva 2008, US uye zvikwereti zvepasi rose zvakakuchidzirwa zvakare-semuna 1920s uye mushure me1985-nekuwedzeredza kwemari yakapihwa nebhanga guru reUS, uye mamwe mabhanga epamusoro ehupfumi. Bhanga guru renyika, Fed, rakapa rubatsiro kumabhanga eUS nevanoisa mari kusvika pamadhora matanhatu emadhora kubva muna 6 kusvika 2009 kubva kuQE yaro uye padyo nereti zero yemhindu.
Kubva 2008, yakawandisa uye yakaramba yakaderera mubereko kune vanoisa mari uye bhizinesi zvakakonzera inosvika madhora miriyoni imwe pagore mukuvakwa kwezvikwereti zvemakambani, sezvo nyaya dzemabhondi emakambani dzakawedzera nekuda kwemari yakachipa yeFed. Mari iri nyore yakabvumira makambani eUS asingaverengeki "junk" giredhi kuti ararame makore gumi apfuura, sezvo vaiunganidza chikwereti pachikwereti kuti vashandise chikwereti chakare. Mari yakachipa yakakuchidzirawo kutengwa kwemasheya emakambani uye kugovera mari kune vanoisa mari, izvo zvakadzoserwa zvakare mumitengo yemasheya nemabhubhu. Ndizvo zvakaitawo kupetwa uye kupetwa katatu kwepurofiti yemakambani kubva 1 kusvika 2008 yakagonesa marekodhi kutenga uye kugovaniswa kune vanogovana.
Ikozvino, muna 2017-18 nzvimbo yerubatsiro yakachinjika kune yaTrump yekucheka mutero iyo yakawedzera zvisirizvo purofiti yeUS neimwe 20 muzana uye zvimwe. Sezvo data rakatanga kuratidzwa muna 2018, mazhinji acho ave kurimwa zvakare mukutenga masheya uye mubhadharo wegovedhi - gore rino inodarika $ 1.4 trillion, mushure memakore matanhatu emadhora 1 trillion pagore mukutenga uye kubhadhara. Izvo zvinodarika madhora mazana manomwe emadhora mukugoverwa nemakambani eAmerica mukutenga uye migove kune vayo vakapfuma vanogovana. Zvaenda kupi zvese?
Zvamazvirokwazvo kwete mukusimudza mihoro yevashandi vavo. Zvamazvirokwazvo kwete mukubhadhara mitero yakawanda kuhurumende. Yakatsaurirwa mumisika yemari muUS uye pasi rose โ masheya, mabhondi, zvinobva, mari, zvivakwa, nezvimwe. -2010.
Saka ndepapi mitengo yemidziyo yezvemari ichatanga kudonha mumabhururu akawanda akagadzirwa pasi rose uye muUS kusvika pari zvino-uye zvichikonzera zvakare dambudziko rezvemari rinotevera? Iyo BIS yanga ichiyambira kuona maUS corporate junk bond uye misika yezvikwereti yakawedzera. Ngwarira zvinyorwa zvitsva zvinotsiva zvekare "subprimes" uye maCDS-kureva Exchange Traded Funds, ETFs, passive index funds, rima pools, etc. Tarisa zvakare misika yeUnited States ichipindura zviitiko zvezvematongerwo enyika zveU.S, kuhondo chaiyo yekutengeserana China zvichida muna 2019, kuenderera mberi kudonha kwehupfumi hwemusika huri kusimukira nemari, kune dambudziko rekubhadhara zvikwereti zvebhangi zvisiri kuita muItari, India nekumwewo, kana kudonha kwehupfumi hweBritain mushure me "zvakaoma" Brexit inotevera. Chitubu, kana hupfumi hweAsia huri kuita chibvumirano mukupindura kuderera kweChina kana kudzikira kwemari yayo, kana kune chero budiriro isati yaonekwa. Kudzikira kwemitengo mune chero zviri pamusoro apa kungave kwakabva kunotevera kuderera kweasiti yemidziyo iyo inozopararira nekutapurirana kwezvinobva mumisika yepasi rose. Uye zvikwereti zvakakura zvakavakwa kubvira 2008 zvinogona kuita kuti mutengo wekupedzisira uwedzere kukurumidza uye kudzika. Uye zvinyowani zvitsva zvinogona kukurumidzira kutapukira mumisika nekukasira. Iko mari yekutsvagisa iripo. Chinongodiwa chete kudzima moto. Dambudziko remari rinotevera riri kuuya. Makore gumi apfuura, 2008-18, akafanana zvinoshamisa nenguva dza1921-1929 uye 1996-2007. Ikozvino chete ichauya neUS inopikisa vakwikwidzi vekune dzimwe nyika uye vaimbova vadyidzani zvakafanana sezvo ichiedza kuchengetedza chikamu chayo chekuderera kwekutengeserana kwenyika; nehupfumi hweUS hwakaparadza dzimba dzehupfumi kwemakore gumi; nechikwereti chikuru chemubatanidzwa cheUS ikozvino $21 trillion uye ichienda kumadhora makumi matatu nematatu nekuda kwekuderedzwa kwemitero kwaTrump; nedambudziko reUS mumari yemudyandigere, kuwana kwehutano uye mutengo, uye inodonha yedzidzo system; nehupfumi hwakagadzira chete mihoro yakaderera uye kazhinji mabasa ebasa anongoenderana; nesangano rinenge raparara remubatanidzwa; nedambudziko guru rePharma-initiated opioid rinouraya vanhu vakawanda vekuAmerica pagore kupfuura vakarasika munguva yose yehondo yeVietnam ye33; netsika inobvumira 9 yevagari vayo gore vakaurayiwa nepfuti uye vasingaite chinhu; neshanduko yemukati nekudzokera shure kwemapato maviri akagadzwa ezvematongerwo enyika; uye neTrump uye nerudyi wing radical movement ichikwira uye yakagadzirira kuenda kumigwagwa kuti izvidzivirire.
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Jack Rasmus ndiye munyori webhuku ririkuuya The Denda reNeoliberalism: US Policy kubva kuReagan kuenda kuTrump, Clarity Press, 2019. Anoblogi pa jackrasmus.com uye twitter mubato wake ndi @drjackrasmus. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwakadzama rwekufanana nekusiyana pakati pa1929 na2008, uye kuti Roosevelt naObama vakabata sei dambudziko iri zvakasiyana, verenga kunze kwebhuku raDr. Rasmus ra2010, Epic Recession: Prelude to Global Depression, Plutobooks, ikozvino yakatumirwa pawebhusaiti yake. , kyklosproductions.com.