Pazvinhu zvese zvinodakadza zvakanyorwa pamusoro pekurwiswa kweIsrael paRebhanoni, chokwadi zvisinganzwisisike zvirimo muchinyorwa chaPaddy Ashdown cheGuardian neMugovera. "Pane mhinduro imwe chete padambudziko iri, uye ndiyo mhinduro imwe chete yatinofanira kuwana muIraq: kuenda kunogadzirisa kuMiddle East uye kuzviita nekuchimbidza. US haigone kuita izvi. Asi Europe inogona. โ(1)
US haigone kuita izvi? Anorevei panyika? Pakutanga kuona kukakavara kwake kunoratidzika kunge kusina kururama. Nepo Israeri ichida kusimudzira kugara kwayo kwenzvimbo yePalestine, kugadzirisa kwakakura hakugoneke. Izvi zvinotevera kuti nyika ine simba rakakura kwazvo pamusoro peIsrael ndiyo nyika ine simba guru rekugadzirisa runyararo. Hurongwa hweIsrael hwekune dzimwe nyika uye hurongwa hwemauto hunoenderana nemvumo yeUnited States.
Kunyangwe Israel iri pachinhanho chemakumi maviri nenhatu pagwaro rebudiriro repasi rose - pamusoro peGreece, Singapore, Portugal neBrunei(23) - inoramba iri iyo yakakura pasi rose kugamuchira rubatsiro rweUS. Hurumende yeUS yakapa madhora mabhiriyoni gumi nerimwe erubatsiro rwekune dzimwe nyika muna 2(11). Pane izvi, Israel yakawana madhora mazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu neshanu. Nyika nhatu dzine hurombo pasi rose - Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone neNiger - dzakapihwa mari inosvika madhora makumi matanhatu nemapfumbamwe (2004). Zvinotonyanya kukosha, muna 3 Israel yakagamuchirawo $555bn yerubatsiro rwemauto(4). Hazvinei nehupfumi pane rubatsiro urwu. Chigadzirwa chayo chepamba chinosvika kumadhora zana nemakumi mashanu neshanu, uye bhajeti rayo remauto kusvika pamadhora mazana mapfumbamwe neshanu. Inogadzira zvombo zvayo zvakawanda uye inotenga zvikamu kubva kumativi ose enyika - kusanganisira, sezvakaratidzwa neGuardian vhiki yapfuura (69) - United Kingdom. Asi, zvinoenderana nazvo diplomatically. Mari zhinji yakapihwa nechirongwa cheU.S. Foreign Military Financing โ pamwe chete nemari yese yerubatsiro yeUS โ inopedzerwa kuUnited States. Israel inoishandisa kuwana F5 neF2005 jets, Apache, Cobra neBlackhawk zvikopokopo, AGM, AIM nePatriot makombi, M-2.2 pfuti, M-6 grenade launchers uye M-155 muchina pfuti (9.5). Sokufumurwa kwakaitwa Prestwick, mabhomba anotungamirwa nelaser, kunyangwe izvozvi, ari kutumirwa kuIsrael kubva kuUnited States.
Zvizhinji zvezvombo izvi zvakashandiswa kuuraya vanhu vekuPalestine uye zviri kushandiswa muLebanon nhasi. Mutemo weUS Arms Export Control Act unoti "hapana chinyorwa chedziviriro kana basa redziviriro richatengeswa kana kurendwa neHurumende yeUnited States" kunze kwekunge chirongwa chayo "chichasimbisa kuchengetedzwa kweUnited States uye kukurudzira rugare rwepasirese"(10). Zvombo zvinogona kutengeswa โkunyika dzine ushamwari chete nokuda kwechengeteko yomukati, nokuda kwokuzvidzivirira kuri pamutemo [kana] kuchengeta kana kudzorera rugare nokuchengeteka kwenyika dzakawandaโ(11).
Nekupa zvombo izvi kuIsrael, hurumende yeUS iri kutaura kuti mauto ayo ese ari kuteverwa nekuda kwekuzvidzivirira zviri pamutemo, zvido zveAmerica uye rugare rwepasi rose. Inovawo inopindirana mutsika mukuponda kwaIsraeri vanhuwo zvavo. Iyo diplomatic cover inopihwa iyi yakakosha.
Kubva muna 1972 US yakashandisa veto yayo muUN Security Council kamakumi mana kudzivirira zvisungo kuti zvisaitwe zvaitsvaga kudzivirira kodzero dzevaPalestine kana kushoropodza kunyanyisa kwehurumende yeIsrael(40). Iyi inhamba huru yevetos kupfuura dzimwe nhengo dzese dzechigarire dzakaiswa panguva imwe chete (12). Chiitiko chazvino chaive chekupokana kwechiratidziro muna Chikunguru 13th vachishora kurwiswa kweIsrael paGaza uye kupfurwa kwemaroketi uye kupambwa kwemurwi weIsrael nemapoka ePalestine(13). Mumazuva mashoma apfuura, United States, ichitsigirwa neBritain, yakavhara kuyedza kwese kwepasirese kuunza kukurumidza kumisa pfuti, ichipa Israel muono wakajeka wekuti ine mvumo yekuenderera mberi nekurwisa kwayo kuLebanon.
Zviri pachena kune chero munhu - uye izvi zvinofanirwa kusanganisira Paddy Ashdown - kuti Israel yaisagona kuzvibata sezvainoita pasina kudzivirirwa kweUnited States. Kana hurumende yeUS yakazivisa kuti yaizomira kupa rutsigiro rwechiuto neremumiriri kana Israel ikaramba kudzosera matunhu akatorwa, Israel yaizofanira kutaurirana. Hurumende yeUS ine simba pamusoro penyika iyoyo. Asi inogona kushandiswa here?
Pepa rakaburitswa muna Kurume nevadzidzi vekuUS John Mearsheimer naStephen Walt vanonyora pesvedzero inoshamisa yeIsrael lobby exercises muWashington(15). Mauto akasanganiswa emapoka echiKristu evhangeri uye masangano emaJuda ekuAmerica seAmerican Israel Public Affairs Committee, vanopokana, vanovimbisa kuti "Israel haina kudzivirirwa kubva mukutsoropodzwa" muCongress uye "inewo simba rakakura pamusoro pebazi re Executive".
Vezvematongerwo enyika vanotsigira hurumende yeIsrael vanodururwa nemari, asi avo vanokwikwidza vanotya nekunyorera-tsamba mishandirapamwe uye kunyomba munhau. Kana zvimwe zvese zvikatadza, imba yekutandarira inoshandisa "chinyararire chikuru": kubhadharisa anti-semitism(16). Avo vanopikisa mitemo yehurumende yeIsrael vanopomerwa kuvenga vaJudha.
Zvese izvi zvinoita kuti kunyange-neruoko hurongwa hwakaoma, asi zvisingaite. Kumira kune vanodheerera chokwadi ndiwo muyedzo wakakosha weutungamiri. Mutungamiriri weAmerica mutemu yake yechipiri ari pachinzvimbo chine simba chekuda kuti Israel idzokere kumashure votaurirana. Asi kana Ashdown aireva kuti hazvigoneke mupfungwa uye nehungwaru kuti hurumende yeUS iite, anogona kunge aine poindi. Pamusangano wavo wevatori venhau naTony Blair neChishanu, VaGeorge Bush vakaburitsa ngano yavo yenguva dzose pamusoro pemakakatanwa ekuMiddle East. "Kune kutambura kwakawanda muRebhanoni", akatsanangura kudaro, "nekuti Hezbollah yakarwisa Israel. Kune kutambura kwakawanda muPalestine Territory nekuti murwi Hamas ari kuyedza kumisa kufambira mberi kwedemocracy. MuIraq mune kutambura nemhaka yokuti magandanga ari kuedza kuparadzira chisimba chemapoka uye kumisa kupararira kwoutongi hwezvido zvevanhu.โ (17) Kurwisana kwazvino muLebanon โkwakatanga, pasina muripo, masoja maviri eIsrael akapambwa uye maroketi achipfurwa achiyambuka muganhu. โ
Ndinobvuma kuti Hizbollah yakaridza pfuti yekutanga. Asi kunze kwebhuruu? Kugara kweIsrael kwekumaodzanyemba kweRebhanoni; kupfuurira kwaro kugara kweGolan Heights; basa rayo nekugadzirisa zvishoma kweWest Bank uye kubvumidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kweJerusarema; kuputika kwayo kwevanhu, zvidyarwa zvemagetsi, mabhiriji uye mapaipi muGaza; kurohwa kwayo nekupfurwa kwevana; kusungwa kwayo kana kuurayiwa kwevatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vePalestine; kubhuroka kwayo kwedzimba; nzvimbo dzayo dzekuongorora dzinonyadzisa uye dzinowanzouraya, mupfungwa dzaBush, dzinogona kunge dziri manyepo kana kuti hadzina mhedzisiro yezvematongerwo enyika. Izvi zvakafanana zvinoenda kuUS kupinda nekupinda muIraq uye nekutyisidzira nguva dzose Bush nyaya kuSyria neIran. Pane seti imwe chete yevamiriri pabasa - magandanga - uye kurudziro yavo inomuka yega kubva kune zvakaipa zviri mumoyo yavo.
Israeri haisi mhosva chete yedambudziko iri. Kupfurwa kwemaroketi mumaguta ayo chiito chisingashiviriri chougandanga. Asi kuti vanzwisise kuti sei vanhu vari kurwisa nyika iyi vasingaise pfuti pasi, Mambo weFairyland aizomanikidzwa kuti agamuchire mhedzisiro yekutora kweIsrael nyika dzevamwe vanhu uye nekuuraya kwayo vanhuwo zvavo, yekupinda kwake Iraq. uye nekutadza kwake, mumakore matanhatu apfuura, kubata maPalestine zvakanaka. Uye izvi anoita seasingakwanisi kuzviita. Pane kudaro, mhinduro dzake neChishanu dzakakurudzira, ari kuvaka nhoroondo yemireniyari yekukakavadzana kuri kuwedzera kunotungamira mukukunda kwekupedzisira kwerusununguko uye democracy.
Saka ndinotya kuti Paddy Ashdown anogona kunge ari right. Iyo US haigone kutsvaga kugadzirisa kwakakura muMiddle East, nekuti inotungamirwa nemurume anogara munyika yake. www.monbiot.com
References: 1. Paddy Ashdown, 29th Chikunguru 2006. Europe inofanirwa kutungamira kutsvaga kwerunyararo kuMiddle East. The Guardian. 2. http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2005/pdf/HDR05_HDI.pdf 3. USAID, 2006. US Overseas Zvikwereti uye Grants: zvisungo uye mvumo yechikwereti, Chikunguru 1 1945 - Gunyana 30 2004. http: //pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADF100.pdf 4. ibid. 5. ibid. 6. Dhipatimendi reDhipatimendi reKuchengetedza Kubatsira Kwekuchengetedza, 30th September 2005. Kutengeswa Kwemauto eKune dzimwe nyika, Kutengeswa Kwemauto eKune dzimwe nyika uye Rubatsiro rweMasoja Chokwadi. http://www.dsca.mil/programs/biz-ops/2005_facts/2005%20Facts%20Book%20Final.pdf 7. Central Intelligence Agency, 2006. The World Factbook: Israel. https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/is.html 8. Benjamin Joffe-Walt, 29th Chikunguru 2006. Yakagadzirwa muUK, ichiunza kuparadzwa kuLebanon - zvikamu zveBritish muhelikopokopo dzinouraya dzeIsrael. . The Guardian. 9. William D. Hartung naFrida Berrigan, 6th Chivabvu 2002. US Kutakurwa Zvombo uye Rubatsiro rweChengetedzo kuIsrael. Arms Trade Resource Center. http://worldpolicy.org/projects/arms/reports/israel050602.html 10. Title 22; Chitsauko 39; Chikamu 1; ยง 2753. Kukodzera mabasa ekudzivirira kana zvinyorwa zvekudzivirira. http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode22/usc_sec_22_00002751โ-000-.html 11. Title 22; Chitsauko 39; Chikamu 1; ยง 2754. Zvinangwa izvo zvekutengesa zvemauto kana zvikwereti neUnited States zvinotenderwa; taura kuCongress. http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode22/usc_sec_22_00002754โ-000-.html 12. Ona Donald Neff, May/June 2005. An Updated List of Vetoes Cast by the United States to Shield Israel kubva Kutsoropodzwa neUN Security Council. http://www.wrmea.com/archives/May-June_2005/0505014.html 13. UN General Assembly Official Records, zvakataurwa naJohn J. Mearsheimer naStephen M. Walt, Kurume 2006. The Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy. http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0040.pdf 14. UN Security Council, 13th July 2006. United States Vetoes Security Council Draft Resolution On Events in Gaza; Rugwaro Rwakashevedzwa Kuti Murwi weIsrael Asunungurwe, Kumisa Kushanda Kwechiuto. www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8775.doc.htm 15. John J. Mearsheimer naStephen M. Walt, Kurume 2006. The Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy. http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/A0040.pdf 16. ibid. . http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/17/28/2006-2006.html