"Mutemo wechipfumbamwe unozivikanwa we thermodynamics unotaura kuti mari yakawanda iyo boka rinogamuchira kubva kumuteresi, rinoda uye rinonyanya kunyunyuta." Saka akanyora Matt Ridley muna 1994 (1). Aitaura nezverubatsiro rwemapurazi, asi mutemo mumwechetewo unoshanda kuna sachigaro wake weNorthern Rock. Asati asiya basa neChishanu, bhanga rakanga rakwereta mabhiriyoni gumi nematanhatu emadhora kubva kuhurumende uye rakanga raramba kuti rikumbire mamwe. Ridley nemamwe maboss vakapomera munhu wese mhosva kunze kwavo ivo pachavo nekuda kwenjodzi iyi.
Ndaiwanzoverenga makoramu aRidley nechitendero. Rakadhindwa neTelegraph muma1990s, vaive vakanyorwa zvakanaka, vaikakavadzana uye vanenge vachingogara vasina kururama. Akashora kupindira kwese kwehurumende uye akaseka vanhu vasina kujekerwa nekutadza kwavo kunzwisisa hupfumi uye mari. Mutori wenhau wekurudyi aimuda nekuti airatidza kupa chikonzero chesainzi chekudzikiswa kwebhizinesi.
Nharo huru yaRidley, yaanotsanangura zvakakura mumabhuku ake, ndeyokuti vanhu, zvavari zvibereko zvokusarurwa kwomusikirwo, vanoita zvavanoda chete. Asi pfungwa dzedu dzoudyire dzinotikurudzira kuti tizvibate nenzira dzinoita sedzakashata. Nekushandira pamwe uye nekuonekwa sevane rupo, tinowana kuvimba nevamwe vanhu. Izvi zvinotibvumira kufambisira mberi zvido zvedu nenzira inobudirira kupfuura zvatingagona kupfurikidza nokubiridzira, kuba uye kurwa. Kubvumira aya anobatsira maitiro emajini kuita maruva, hurumende dzinofanira kubva kuhupenyu hwedu uye kumira kupindira mubhizinesi uye humwe hukama hwevanhu (2,3). Ridley akagadzira vhezheni yeiyo geneticist yeruoko rusingaonekwe pamusika, achitsvaga zvido zvevanhu zveudyire kuti zvibatsire munhu wese.
Dr Ridley, avo vane D Phil muzvidzidzo zvemhuka, havazivi nezvesainzi yakanaka, uye tsvakiridzo yavo yenhoroondo yedu yekushanduka-shanduka, iyo inowanzonakidza uye inotsamwisa, inobva pamapepa anoburitswa mumagazini anoongororwa nevezera rake. Asi pese paimuka kusawirirana pakati pezvidzidzo zvake zvesainzi nezvido zvebhizimisi, airasa sainzi. Achiregeredza mazana emapepa esainzi akasvika pamhedziso yakapesana, uye achidhirowa pane izvo zvakaunzwa neboka revashandi vebhizinesi rainzi Institute of Economic Affairs, akapokana kuti tembiricha yepasirese haina kuwedzera, saka tinofanira kurega kunetseka nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze(4) . Vakakurudzira kuti nzou dzivhimwe nyanga dzenzou dzadzo(5), mitemo yokuronga iraswe (6), kushandiswazve kunofanira kumira (7), vakuru vebasa vanofanira kuva vakasununguka kusarudza kuti vashandi vavo vakuvadzwa here kana kuti kwete(8) uye makambani, panzvimbo pehurumende, anofanira kubvumirwa kusarudza kuti chikafu chaanotengesa chakachengeteka here kana kuti kwete.(9) Akatsamwira mitero, rubatsiro, kubhadhara mari yechibatiso uye mutemo wehurumende. Bureaucracy, akadaro, "nhata inozvitsvakira kumusana kwevanhu vanobudirira zvikuru venyika ino ... hurumende hadzitungamiri nyika, dzinodziparadza." (10).
Ndakadzidza nezvemhuka mudhipatimendi rimwe chete, kunyange makore mashoma gare gare. SaDr Ridley, ini ndiri biological determinist: Ndinotenda kuti maitiro edu mazhinji anotongwa nenhoroondo yedu yekushanduka-shanduka. Ini ndinobvuma humbowo hwaanoisa pamberi, asi tora mhedziso dzakasiyana zvachose. Ridley anotenda kuti vanhu vemazuva ano vakarongerwa kuzvibata zvakanaka kana vakasiiwa vachiita zvavanoda; Ndinotenda kuti vanogona kuita zvakaipa. Kana uri weboka duku revanhu vakangwara, vose vanozivikanwa kune mumwe nomumwe, uchawana mubayiro wekushandira pamwe uye rupo mukati meboka. (Kunyange izvi zvisingatadzise boka rako kurwisa kana kubiridzira mumwe). Kana, kune rumwe rutivi, uchigona kushandura nharaunda paunoda, kufamba wakasununguka, kutenga mune imwe nyika uye kutengesa kune imwe, kuhaya vanhu vausingazive wobva wavadzinga, iwe uchawana zvakawanda kubva mukuita iwe pachako kufarira. Iwe uchave nekukurudzira kwakasimba kuita zvinopesana nezvakanaka kana iwe uchimhanyisa bhangi rine kukweretesa nekukwereta kwakaomarara zvekuti hapana anogona kunzwisisa zviri kuitika.
Dr Ridley neni tine maonero akafanana ehunhu hwevanhu: isu tinongozvifunga. Asi mubvunzo ndewekuti hunhu uhu huri pasi pemamiriro aivepo munguva yedu yekushanduka-shanduka. Ndinotenda kuti vachinja: hatichakwanisa kuongororwa uye kuverengerwa nenharaunda diki. Tinoda hurumende kuti dzizadze basa rekutonga rakasiiwa kana madzinza edu madiki akaparara.
Hapana chimwe chandinogona kupa kunze kwekufungidzira, asi Ridley akawana mukana wekuedza zvaanotenda. Akatora chigaro chake - icho chaimboitwa nababa vake, Viscount Ridley, muna 2004. Pasi pehusachigaro hwake, Economist inoti, Northern Rock "yakasundira nzira yebhizimisi ine hukasha kusvika painogumira, ichidarika zvigunwe zvayo uye ichitarisira kuti mari ichagara iripo. ipapo" (11). Yakatenderwa kuita kudaro nekuti yakanga isina kudzorwa zvakakwana neBank of England neFinancial Services Authority. Pakatadza bhizinesi rake rerusununguko, Dr Ridley aifanira kuenda kunopemha kune yainge yavengwa. Kudai hurumende nevakuru vakuru vayo veparasite vasina kukwanisa kushandisa mari yevateresi kuti vabvise mhirizhonga yake, zviuru zvevanhu zvingadai zvakarasikirwa nemari yavo. Northern Rock ingadai yakadhirika uye kutya kwakakonzera kungadai kwakaunza pasi rese rebhangi system.
Iyo ยฃ 16bn yekubhadhara-kunze hakusi kupera kwenyaya. Svondo rapfuura Treasury yakapa vatengi veNorth Rock mutero mutsva (12). Iye zvino mumwe wemabhizinesi anotungamira kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, Sir Michael Darrington, ari kudaidzira kuti bhanga riitwe zvizere kuitira kudzivirira mamwe matambudziko (13). Zvakawanda kune kunaka kweasina kunyoreswa emahara bhizinesi.
Kwese uko vanhu vemazuva ano, vanogara kunze kwemaitiro akamanikana emhuri, vanobvumidzwa kutevedzera zvido zvavo zvekuzvarwa pasina kumanikidzwa, ivo vanokuvadza vamwe vanhu. Vachabata zviwanikwa zvevamwe vanhu, vacharasa tsvina yavo munzvimbo dzevamwe vanhu, vachabiridzira, vachanyepa, kuba nekuuraya. Uye kana vane simba nezvombo, hapana achakwanisa kuvamisa kunze kweavo vane simba rakawanda nezvombo zviri nani. Nhaka yedu yekuzvarwa inotiita vakachenjera zvakakwana kuti tione kuti kana nzanga yekare yaparara, tinofanira kufadza avo vane simba kupfuura isu, uye kushandisa avo vasina simba shoma. Mazano ekupona ayo aimbove nechokwadi chekushandira pamwe pakati pevakaenzana zvino ave nechokwadi chekuteerera kune avo vakatyora chibvumirano chesocial.
Dambudziko reutongi hwezvido zvevanhu, iro rinoramba richinyanya kuoma sezvo huwandu hwekudyidzana kwevanhu hunowedzera, nderekutevedzera hurongwa hwekutonga hweboka diki rehominid. Tinoda nyika inotipa mubairo wekushandira pamwe uye kutiranga pakubiridzira uye kuba. Panguva imwecheteyo isu tinofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti nyika inobatwawo senhengo yedzinza rehominid uye kurangwa kana ichiita zvinopesana nezvakanaka. Kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu, sezvakwakanga kwakaita makore miriyoni apfuura, kunovimbiswa chete nekuongorora pamwe nekudzorwa.
Ini ndinokahadzika kuti Dr Ridley vangakwanisa kutsigira zvavanotenda munzvimbo iyo nyika yaparara. Kunze kwekunge mari yevateresi uye masevhisi eruzhinji aripo kuti agadzirise kuparadzwa kwaanoita, libertarianism inoparadza zvakachengetwa nevanhu, inoparadza hupenyu hwavo uye inorasa nharaunda yavo. Ndiyo hurongwa hwekutenda kwemutasvi akasununguka, uyo anogara achitsigirwa nevagari vane mutoro. Sebiologist tose tinoziva kuti izvi zvinorevei. Kuzvishandira sezvingave hurumende, maparasite echokwadi emagariro ndeavo vanoda kuparara kwavo.
Rakabudiswa muGuardian 23 Gumiguru 2007
References:
1. Matt Ridley, 29 Ndira 1994. Anokwanisa kurarama ari ega. The Daily Telegraph.
2. Matt Ridley, 1997. Mavambo eKunaka. Penguin, London.
3. Matt Ridley, 2000. Genome: the Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters. Fourth Estate, London.
4. Matt Ridley, 28th March 1994. Ngatisanyanya kunyura pamusoro pe greenhouse effect. The Daily Telegraph.
5. Matt Ridley, 6th Mbudzi 1994. Racket yekudzivirira yeUN inokuvadza nzou. The Sunday Telegraph.
6. Matt Ridley, 9 Zvita 1996. Izvi, VaGummer, ndosaka vese vakangofanana. The Daily Telegraph.
7. Matt Ridley, 6 Ndira 1997. Kudzokorodza kutambisa zviwanikwa - bin it. The Daily Telegraph.
8. Matt Ridley, 2nd Gunyana 1996. Kugara zvakanaka? Zvakanaka, usadaro, hazvibvumirwi. The Daily Telegraph.
9. Matt Ridley, 22nd Chikunguru 1996. Simba kuvanhu: hatingaite zvakaipa kupfuura hurumende. The Daily Telegraph.
10. ibid.
11. Hapana munyori akapihwa, 20 Gumiguru 2007. Zvidzidzo zvekudonha. The Economist.
12. Scheherazade Daneshkhu naJane Croft, 19th October 2007. Chikwereti cheNorthern Rock cheBoE chinokunda ยฃ 16bn. Financial Times.
13. Sir Michael Darrington, 19 Gumiguru 2007. Kuisa nyika ndiyo mhinduro inokudzwa. Financial Times.