George Bush naGordon Brown vakarurama: hapafanirwe kunge paine zvombo zvenyukireya kuMiddle East. Ngozi yemoto yenyukireya inogona kuva yakakura kupfuura chero kupi zvako. Chero nyika inovavandudza inofanirwa kutarisira mhinduro yakasimba. Saka vachaisa zvirango paIsraeri riini?
Kufanana navo, ndinotenda kuti Iran iri kuyedza kutora bhomba. Iniwo ndinotenda kuti inofanira kuodzwa mwoyo, nekubatanidzwa kwekumanikidzwa kwehupfumi uye chiokomuhomwe, kubva pakuita kudaro (kupindura kwemauto kungave kwakashata). Ndinotenda kuti Bush naBrown - vanochengetedza zvombo zvavo zvenyukireya mukuzvidza chibvumirano chekusapararira - havakwanisi kudzidzisa chero ani zvake. Asi kana, sekutaura kwaVaBush, kuwanda kwezvombo zvakadaro "kungave kutyisidzira runyararo rwepasirese"(1), sei pasina munhu ataura chokwadi chekuti Israel, sekureva kwakavanzika neUS Defense Intelligence Agency, ine. pakati pe60 ne80 vavo? (2)
Zviri pamutemo, hurumende yeIsrael inochengetedza chinzvimbo che "nuclear ambiguity": isingabvumidze kana kuramba kuti ine zvombo zvenyukireya. Asi munhu wose akadzidza nezvenyaya iyi anoziva kuti iyi nzira ine chinangwa chiri nyore: kupa United States chikonzero chekuramba ichityora mitemo yayo, iyo inoirambidza kupa rubatsiro kunyika ine zvombo zvisingatenderwi zvinoparadza zvakawanda(3) . Iyo fiction yekusajeka inochengetedzwa zvine hukasha. Muna 1986, nyanzvi yenyukireya Mordechai Vanunu paakapa mafoto efekitori yebhomba reIsrael kuSunday Times, akakwezvwa kubva kuBritain kuenda kuRoma, akapinzwa zvinodhaka uye akapambwa nevamiriri veMossad, akatongwa muchivande akatongerwa makore gumi nemasere. Akashanda gumi nevaviri vavo muhusungwa uye akasungwa zvakare - kwemwedzi mitanhatu - achangoburitswa.
Asi muna Zvita gore rapfuura, mutungamiriri weIsrael Ehud Olmert netsaona akarega kuti Israeri, se "America, France neRussia" yaive nezvombo zvenyukireya(4). Vezvematongerwo enyika vanopikisa vakatsamwa. Vakamurwisa "nekuda kwekushaya kuchenjerera kunoenderana nekusave nehanya." (5) Asi rubatsiro rweUS runoramba ruchiyerera pasina chipingamupinyi.
Sezvo mapepa anonakidza akaburitswa gore rapfuura neNational Security Archive anoratidza, hurumende yeUS yaiziva muna 1968 kuti Israel yaigadzira mudziyo wenyukireya (chayaisaziva ndechekuti yekutanga yakanga yatovakwa panguva iyoyo). ) Musiyano wekuedza kuri kuitwa kudzivirira Iran kutora bhomba haungave wakaoma.
Pakutanga, vamiriri veUS vakakurudzira hurumende kuti iite kutengesa kwayo kwe50 F4 Phantom jets kune chirevo chekusiya kweIsrael chirongwa chenyukireya. Sechinyorwa chakatumirwa kubva kuNear East Bureau kuenda kuMunyori weNyika muna Gumiguru 1968 chinoratidza, kurongeka kwaizoita US "mupi mukuru wezvinodikanwa zvemauto eIsrael" kekutanga. Mukudzoka kunofanira kuda "zvisungo zvinoita kuti zviome zvakanyanya kuti Israeri itore danho rakakosha rekuenda kwenyukireya." (7) Dzvinyiriro yakadaro, iyo memo yakaratidza, yaidiwa nekukurumidza: France yakanga ichangounza yekutanga yekutakura zvinhu zvepakati. zvombo zvinokandwa, uye Israel yaida kuvagadzirira zvombo zvenyukireya.
Mazuva makumi maviri gare gare, munaNovember 4th 1968, apo mubatsiri munyori wezvokudzivirira akasangana naYitzhak Rabin (waiva mumiriri weIsrael kuWashington), Rabin "haana kupokana neimwe nzira ruzivo rwedu pamusoro pesimba reIsrael kana missile"(8). Akangoramba kutaura nezvazvo. Mazuva mana mushure meizvi, Rabin akazivisa kuti chikumbiro ichi "chaisagamuchirwa zvachose kwatiri" (9). Musi waMbudzi 27, hutungamiri hwaLyndon Johnson hwakagamuchira vimbiso yeIsrael yekuti "haizove simba rekutanga kuMiddle East kuunza zvombo zvenyukireya"(10).
Sekuratidza memos, vakuru veUS vaiziva kuti vimbiso iyi yakanga yatyorwa kunyange isati yaitwa. Chinyorwa chekukurukurirana kwefoni pakati paHenry Kissinger nemumwe mukuru muna Chikunguru 1969 chinoburitsa kuti Richard Nixon "aive neshungu dzekudambura maPhantoms"(11), zvisinei nekusaremekedza kweIsrael chibvumirano. Chibvumirano ichi chakaenderera mberi, uye kubva ipapo hutongi hweUS hwakatsvaga kubiridzira vakuru vayo kuitira kudzivirira nhema dzeIsrael. Muna Nyamavhuvhu 1969, vakuru vakuru veUS vakatumwa "kunoongorora" dimona nuclear plant yeIsrael. Asi memo kubva kuDhipatimendi reHurumende inoratidza kuti "hurumende yeUS haina kugadzirira kutsigira "chaiyo" yekuongorora iyo nhengo dzechikwata dzinogona kunzwa dzakatenderwa kubvunza zvakananga mibvunzo yakakodzera uye / kana kusimbirira kubvumidzwa kutarisa marekodhi, matanda. Chikwata chave chambiro munzira dzakawanda dzisiri pachena kuti chidzivise kukakavara, โivai vanyoroโ uye kuti musaite nharo nechido chevaridzi.โ(12) Nixon akaramba kupfuudza maminetsi ehurukuro d aive neMutungamiriri weIsrael Golda Meir kumumiriri weUS kuIsrael, Wally Barbour(13). Meir naNixon vanoita sekunge vakabvumirana kuti chirongwa cheIsrael chienderere mberi, chero chaive chakavanzika.
Hurumende yeUS yakaramba ichiichengetedza. Mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega, masangano ehungwaru anopa Congress mushumo wetekinoroji inotorwa nenyika dzekunze "inobatsira pakugadzira kana kugadzira zvombo zvekuparadza kukuru." Mishumo iyi inotaura nezvezvirongwa muIndia, Pakistan, North Korea, Iran nedzimwe nyika, asi kwete muIsrael(14). Pese dzimwe nyika padzakaedza kumanikidza Israel kuti ipinde muchibvumirano chenyukireya chekusapararira, hurumende dzeUS neEuropean dzakadzivharira(15). Israel yakazvisunungurawo kubva kubiological uye makemikari zvombo zvibvumirano(16).
Nekuramba kusaina zvibvumirano izvi, inova nechokwadi chekuti haimbofa yakaongororwa. Nepo vaongorori veIAEA vachikambaira mumafekitori eIran, voisa zvisimbiso pamatangi ayo euranium voridza muridzo kana yatadza kushanda pamwe, havana mvumo yepamutemo yekuongorora zvivakwa muIsrael(17). Saka kana hurumende yeIsrael ichinyunyuta, sezvayakaita svondo rapfuura, kuti mukuru weIAEA "akanamatira musoro wake mujecha pamusoro pechirongwa chenyukireya cheIran"(18), unogona kungotarisa chutzpah yayo. Israeri inogara ichikwidza kumanikidza kuita chiito kuIran, ichiziva kuti hapana nyika ine simba ichamanikidza kuita chiito kurwisa Israeri.
Hongu, Iran pasi peAhmadinejad inyika ine ngozi uye isingatarisirwi inobatanidzwa muzviito zvekutyisa kune dzimwe nyika. Mutungamiriri weHolocaust anoramba kuvepo kweIsrael. Munguva yehondo yeIran neIraq, Iran yakadavidza kubhomba kwaSaddam Hussein zvine muchetura nezvombo zvayo zvemakemikari. Asi Israeri pasi paEhud Olmert inyika ine njodzi uye isingafungidzike inobatanidzwa muzviito zvekutyisa kunze kwenyika. Mwedzi miviri yapfuura yakabhomba saiti muSyria (basa rayo rinopokana zvinotyisa). Gore rakapera yakatanga hondo yehutsinye paRebhanoni. Inoramba iri mukugarwa kwenyika dzePalestine. MunaFebruary 2001, maererano neBBC, yakashandisa zvombo zvekemikari muGaza: vanhu ve180 vakapinzwa muchipatara nekudengenyeka kukuru (19). Zvombo zvenyukireya zviri mumaoko eIsrael zvine ngozi sezvombo zvenyukireya zviri muIran.
Saka hurumende dzedu dzichataura riini? Vachabvuma rini kuti kwatova nesimba renyukireya kuMiddle East, uye kuti inopa tyisidziro iripo kuvavakidzani vayo? Vachabvuma rini kuti Iran haisi kutanga nhangemutange yezvombo zvenyukireya, asi kujoinha imwe? Vachada rinhi kuti mitemo yavanoisa kuIran ishandewo kuIsrael?
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References:
1. George Bush, 17 Gumiguru 2007. Press Conference naPresident. http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2007/10/20071017.html
2. US DIA, Chikunguru 1999. Makumi emakore Ari Mberi, 1999-202. Yakatorwa pa: http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/israel/nuke/index.html
3. Luke Harding naDuncan Campbell, 13 Zvita 2006. The Guardian.
4. Greg Myre, 12 Zvita 2006. Mukutsvedza, Mutungamiriri weIsrael Anoratidza Kusimbisa Nuclear Arsenal Yayo. New York Times.
5. Yossi Beilin, akatorwa mashoko naLuke Harding naDuncan Campbell, ibid.
6. Iyo archive inogona kutariswa pano: http://www.gwu.edu:80/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB189/index.htm
7. Parker T. Hart, NEA, 15th October 1968. Memo kuMunyori weHurumende. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB189/IN-02.pdf
8. Dhipatimendi reDziviriro, 4th Mbudzi 1968. Memorandamu Yekukurukurirana. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB189/IN-03a.pdf
9. Dhipatimendi reDziviriro, 8th Mbudzi 1968. Memorandamu yeKukurukurirana. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB189/IN-03b.pdf
10. Paul C Warnke, Mutevedzeri Munyori weZviviriro, 27th November 1968. Tsamba kuna Yitzhak Rabin. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB189/IN-03d.pdf
11. Henry Kissinger naElliot Richardson, 16th July 1969. Nhaurirano yefoni. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB189/IN-12.pdf
12. Dhipatimendi reHurumende, 13th August 1969. Memorandamu yeKukurukurirana. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB189/IN-16b.pdf
13. Harold H. Saunders, White House, 8 Zvita 1969. Zvinyorwa zveMutungamiri Hurukuro naGolda Meir. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB189/IN-26.pdf
14. Joseph Cirincione, 11th March 2005. Iran neIsrael Nuclear Weapons. http://www.theglobalist.com/StoryId.aspx?StoryId=3217
15. Hapana munyori akapihwa, 20 Gunyana 2006. Nyika dzemaArabu dzinokurudzira IAEA kuti ishore Israeri nekuda kwezvombo zveatomu. Haaretz. http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/765538.html
16. Yakasaina asi haina kutsigira CWC. Haisati yasaina iyo BWC.
17. Mohamed ElBaradei, 27th Chikunguru 2004. Hurukuro neAl-Ahram News. http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/Transcripts/2004/alahram27072004.html
18. Shaul Mofaz, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wehurumende, zvakataurwa naTim Butcher, 12 Mbudzi 2007. Israel inoda kuti ElBaradei yeIAEA ibviswe. Daily Telegraph.
19. Correspondent, 17th March 2003. Israel's Secret Weapon. BBC Mbiri. http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/programmes/correspondent/transcripts/17_03_2003.txt
Rakabudiswa muGuardian 20 Mbudzi 2007