Gwero: Guardian
Dziko la Bolivia lalowa m’malo oopsa a zipolowe zandale komanso ziwawa zatsankho kuyambira pamene boma losankhidwa mwa demokalase la Evo Morales linagwetsedwa ndi asilikali pa November 10. Mwezi umenewo unali “mwezi wachiwiri pa imfa ya anthu wamba imene inachitidwa ndi asilikali a boma. kuyambira pomwe Bolivia idakhala demokalase pafupifupi zaka 40 zapitazo,” malinga ndi a phunziro ndi Harvard Law School's (HLS) International Human Rights Clinic ndi University Network for Human Rights (UNHR) yotulutsidwa mwezi wapitawo.
Morales anali purezidenti woyamba wachimwenye ku Bolivia, yemwe ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha Amwenye kuposa dziko lililonse ku America. Boma lake linatha Kuchepetsa 42 peresenti ya umphaŵi ndi umphaŵi wadzaoneni ndi 60 peresenti, zimene zinapindulitsa mopambanitsa Amwenye a ku Bolivia. Chigamulo cha November chinatsogoleredwa ndi a white and mestizo elite omwe ali ndi mbiri ya tsankho, pofuna kubwezeretsa mphamvu za boma kwa anthu omwe adalamulira chisankho cha Morales chisanachitike mu 2005. Chikhalidwe cha tsankho cha chiwawa cha boma chikugogomezedwa mu lipoti la HLS/UNHR. , kuphatikizapo nkhani za mboni zowona ndi maso za asilikali achitetezo akugwiritsa ntchito “chinenero chokonderana ndi anthu amtundu wa anthu” pamene ankaukira otsutsa; zikuwonekeranso poyera kuti onse omwe anaphedwa pa zigawenga ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zidachitika ndi asitikali a boma pambuyo pa chiwembucho anali Amwenye.
Zomwe zakhala zikuyang'ana pang'ono, koma ndizofunikiranso kumvetsetsa momwe demokalase ya Bolivia idawonongedwera Novembala watha, ndi gawo la Organisation of America States paupandu woyipawu.
Monga New York Times pomaliza inanena pa June 7, kusanthula kwa bungwe "kolakwika" pambuyo pa chisankho cha October 20 "kunalimbikitsa zochitika zambiri zomwe zinasintha mbiri ya dziko la South America." Monga Times idanenera, kuwunika kwa OAS "kunadzutsa mafunso okhudza kubera mavoti - ndipo kunathandizira kukakamiza purezidenti ...."
Zonena za OAS zinalidi maziko akulu azandale zachigawenga zomwe zidatsata chisankho cha Okutobala 20 masabata atatu pambuyo pake. Ndipo iwo anapitirizabe kwa miyezi yambiri pambuyo pa kulanda. Ku Bolivia, akuluakulu oyendetsa zisankho anena za kuwerengera koyambirira kwa mavoti, zomwe sizovomerezeka ndipo sizimatsimikizira zotsatira, pomwe mavoti akuwerengedwa. Pamene 84 peresenti ya mavoti adawerengedwa pachiwerengero choyambirirachi, Morales anali ndi 45.7 peresenti ya mavoti, ndipo amatsogolera opeza mavoti achiwiri ndi 7.9 peresenti. Lipoti lachiwerengero chosavomerezeka ichi, chosamangirira chinasokonezedwa kwa maola 23, ndipo zitayambiranso, kutsogolera kwa Morales kudakwera mpaka 10.2 peresenti. Pofika kumapeto kwa chiwerengero cha boma, chinali 10.5 peresenti. Malinga ndi malamulo a zisankho ku Bolivia, munthu amene ali ndi mavoti oposa 40 pa 10 aliwonse komanso wotsogola ndi mfundo XNUMX ndiye amapambana muchigawo choyamba, popanda zisankho zobwereza.
Otsutsawo ananena kuti panali chinyengo ndipo analowa m’misewu. Bungwe la OAS Electoral Observation Mission (EOM) latulutsa atolankhani mawu tsiku lotsatira chisankho chosonyeza "kuda nkhawa kwakukulu ndi kudabwa ndi kusintha kwakukulu ndi kovuta kufotokoza m'mayendedwe a zotsatira zoyambirira pambuyo pa kutsekedwa kwa zisankho." Koma sanapereke umboni wotsimikizira zonenazi ― chifukwa kunalibe.
Izi zakhala zikuchitika atakhazikitsidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi kupha kwa akatswiri ziwerengero maphunziro, kuphatikizapo amene anapanga maziko m’nkhani ya New York Times ya June 7. Monga momwe zimachitikira nthaŵi zina pamene ziŵerengero zikakhala nkhani ya mkangano wa ndale, kufufuza kwachiŵerengero kunali kofunika kwambiri kuti athandize anthu kukhala osangalala. tsutsa zina ― pamenepa, nthawi zambiri zabodza ― kusanthula ziwerengero. Koma chowonadi chinali chowonekeratu ndipo yosavuta kuwonakuchokera ku data yomwe ilipo pa intaneti posachedwa chisankho. Ndipodi Center for Economic and Policy Research ― komwe ine ndi Co-Director - idagwiritsa ntchito izi kuti tsutsani Zotsutsa zoyambirira za OAS tsiku lotsatira, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kusanthula kwa ziwerengero ndi mapepala m'miyezi yotsatira, kuphatikizapo kutsutsa lipoti lomaliza la kafukufuku wa OAS.
Panalibe kusintha kosamvetsetseka mumayendedwe. Zonse zomwe zidachitika ndikuti madera omwe adapereka malipoti pambuyo pake anali akhalidwe labwino kuposa omwe adanenedwa kale, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana zamadera komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chitsogozo cha Morales chidachulukira pomwe mavoti 16 omaliza adalowa, monga momwe zidakhalira kuwonjezeka pa kuwerengera koyambirira. Izi ndizochitika zodziwika bwino pamasankho padziko lonse lapansi.
Koma atatulutsa koyamba atolankhani, OAS idatulutsa malipoti ena atatu, kuphatikiza ake kafukufuku woyamba za zotsatira za zisankho, osaganiziranso kuthekera kodziwikiratu kuti madera omwe adapereka malipoti pambuyo pake anali osiyana ndi omwe mavoti adabwera kale. Uwu pawokha ndi umboni wochuluka wakuti akuluakulu a OAS sanalakwitse mobwerezabwereza zachinyengo, koma ankadziwa kuti zonena zawo zinali zabodza. Zimatsutsana ndi malingaliro oganiza momwe kufotokozera kosavuta kumeneku - chomwe ndi chinthu choyamba chomwe chingachitike kwa anthu ambiri, ndipo chinakhala chowona - sichingachitike ngakhale kwa akatswiri azisankho, mkati mwa miyezi yofufuza.
Pa Disembala 2, akatswiri azachuma ndi owerengera 133 adasindikiza a kalata ku OAS, pozindikira kuti "zotsatira zomaliza zinali zodziwikiratu pamaziko a mavoti 84% oyamba omwe adanenedwa" ndikuyitanitsa OAS "kuchotsa zonena zake zabodza za chisankho."
Mamembala anayi a Congress ya US, motsogozedwa ndi Congresswoman Jan Schakowsky, nawonso adalimbana ndi kalata kwa OAS kufunsa mafunso 11 okhudza kusanthula kwa OAS. Mmodzi wodera nkhawa ngati akuganiza kuti madera omwe adzapereke lipoti pambuyo pake anali "osiyana m'njira zilizonse zomwe zingawapangitse kuti azivotera Evo Morales, motalikirapo, kuposa ovota omwe ali m'malo omwe 84 peresenti yoyamba idanenedwa. mavoti?” Patadutsa miyezi isanu ndi inayi, OAS sinayankhebe.
Mu July, US Congress inachita zokambirana ndi akuluakulu akuluakulu a OAS, ndipo adakumana nawo ndi mafunso omwewo; sanapereke mayankho omveka.
Ndi zonena zoyambirira komanso zandale zachinyengo zikuchulukirachulukira, a OAS adatembenukira ku "zolakwika" pachisankho kuti apitirizebe kuukira kuvomerezeka kwake. Koma zinapezeka kuti zoneneza izi, monga zozikidwa paziwerengero, sizingathe kupirira kuunika. OAS ikuwoneka kuti ikufuna kulungamitsa zonena zake zoyambira, komanso zabodza, zakuchita zolakwika zomwe zidayambitsa kulanda boma.
Pakadali pano, Bolivia ili ndi Purezidenti wakale, Jeanine Áñez, yemwe ali ndi wotchedwa Zipembedzo zakwawoko “zausatana;” mu Januwale adachenjeza ovota kuti asalole "kubwereranso kwa 'ankhanza' pampando, zomwe zikunenedwa za cholowa chachikhalidwe cha Morales ndi ambiri omwe amamutsatira," malinga ku Washington Post. Wake amayenera kukhala boma "losamalira", koma zisankho zatsopano - zomwe zakonzedwa pa Okutobala 18 - zayimitsidwa kale katatu.
Mawilo achilungamo akuyenda pang'onopang'ono pambuyo pa zigawenga zoyendetsedwa ndi US. Ndipo thandizo la olamulira a Trump lidawonekera: White House idalimbikitsa nkhani ya "chinyengo", komanso mawu ake a Orwellian pambuyo pa kulanda. adatamandidwa kugubuduza: “Kuchoka kwa Morales kumateteza demokalase ndi kutsegula njira kuti anthu a ku Bolivia amve mawu awo.”
Senator Marco Rubio ndi m'modzi wofunikira kwambiri makhalidwe pa ndondomeko ya kayendetsedwe ka Trump ku Latin America. Pachifukwa ichi, adachitapo kanthu ngakhale asanatulutse atolankhani ku OAS koyamba: "Ku #Bolivia zisonyezo zonse zodalirika ndi Evo Morales adalephera kupeza malire ofunikira kuti apewe kuzungulira kwachiwiri pachisankho cha Purezidenti," adatero. analemba tsiku lotsatira voti, ndipo panali "nkhawa ina yomwe angasokoneze zotsatira kapena ndondomeko kuti apewe izi."
Malinga ku Los Angeles Times, "Carlos Trujillo, kazembe waku US ku OAS, adatsogolera gulu loyang'anira zisankho kuti linene zachinyengo zomwe zafalikira ndikukakamiza olamulira a Trump kuti athandizire kuchotsedwa kwa Morales."
Sabata ino, Oimira US a Jan Schakowsky ndi Chuy Garcia wotchedwa kuti bungwe la US Congress "lifufuze udindo wa OAS ku Bolivia m'chaka chathachi, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ndalama za okhometsa msonkho sizikuthandizira kugwetsa maboma osankhidwa mwademokalase, mikangano yapachiweniweni, kapena kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu."
Chimenecho chingakhale chiyambi chabwino.
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Tidadziwa kuti izi ndi zomwe zidachitika, sizitengera luntha lalikulu kapena luso lofotokozera kuti mukhale ndi chidziwitso. Ndilo ndondomeko yokhazikitsidwa ndipo OAS, yomwe inkalamulidwa ndi US kwa nthawi yaitali, imakhala yokhudzidwa nthawi zonse. Ndinapita ku Bolivia m’zaka za Evo Morales. Linali dziko lodabwitsa. Kusankhana mitundu kumapambananso, machitidwe aku US akulamuliridwa ndi chilengedwe chonse, koma osati zonse, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi US, koma manja ake akuda ndi amagazi amakhalapo kwinakwake.