Dziko likuyang'anizana Njala zomwe sizinachitikepo zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira tsiku lililonse ndi kukwera kwamitengo yazakudya chifukwa chankhondo yaku Ukraine. Russia ndi Ukraine nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupifupi 28% yapadziko lonse lapansi zotumizira wa tirigu, wopereka chakudya chachikulu kwambiri m’maiko ambiri osatukuka. Mitengo ya zakudya padziko lonse ndi mmwamba 23% m'chaka chatha, ndipo adakwera kwambiri mu March.
Pamsonkhano wa World Economic Forum mu May, David Beasley, mkulu wa World Food Programme, anachenjeza kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe atsala pang'ono kufa ndi njala. adzauka kuchokera pa 135 miliyoni kufika pa 276 miliyoni omwe ali ndi mliri wa COVID; ndipo akuyembekezeka kufika 325 miliyoni (tsopano 345 miliyoni).
Pali njira yobweretsera thandizo la madola mabiliyoni mazanamazana ku mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene kumene anthu ofunikira kwambiri amakhala. Chodabwitsa, chithandizochi chilibe mtengo ku boma la US. Idagawidwa chaka chatha, ndipo mwina idapulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu masauzande ambiri. Ndipo boma la US ndilomwe limasankha ngati zichitikanso. Koma anthu ambiri a ku America sanamvepo zimenezi.
Ufulu wapadera wojambula
Thandizoli likuchokera ku International Monetary Fund. IMF si banki yapakati ngati Federal Reserve, kotero siyingapange ndalama. Koma imapanga chuma chake chomwe chimatchedwa special drawing right (SDR). Pansi pa malamulo a IMF, dziko lokhala membala lomwe likufunika ndalama zolimba-kawirikawiri madola-likhoza kusinthanitsa ma SDR awo ndi ndalama ndi mayiko ena omwe ali mamembala a IMF.
Chaka chimodzi chapitacho, IMF idapanga ma SDR okwana $650 biliyoni ndikugawa izi kumayiko omwe ali mamembala ake. Si ngongole, ndipo palibe mikhalidwe yolumikizidwa nayo. Mayiko ena amene akutukuka kumene kusinthana SDRs pafupifupi $ 17 biliyoni ya ndalama zolimba. Ena adagwiritsa ntchito ma SDRs kulipira ngongole mabiliyoni ambiri ku IMF, zomwe zimaloledwanso.
Ndipo apa pali china chodabwitsa pa ma SDR ambiri omwe sanatembenuzidwe kukhala ndalama zolimba, koma amangokhala m'malo osungira mayiko ku mabanki apakati a mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene: amagwiranso ntchito zamatsenga zomwe zimapulumutsa chuma ndi miyoyo panthawi ya kuchepa kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi.
Popeza ma SDR amasinthidwa kukhala madola, amakhala ngati kunyamula zinthu zamadzimadzi, zotetezeka monga bondi ya US Treasury. Chifukwa chake, amathandizira kupewa zovuta zobweza ngongole, komanso mavuto azachuma kapena ngongole zomwe zitha kuchitika mayiko akakhala ndi ndalama zochepa kwambiri. Izi zili ndi mphamvu yokhazikika yokhazikika kumayiko omwe akutukuka kumene omwe mwina angakumane ndi mavuto panthawi ngati iyi. Zosungirako zomwe zawonjezeka zimalolanso mayiko kubwereka ndi chiwongola dzanja chochepa.
Malamulo a nyumba
Nyumba ya Oyimilira ku United States yakhazikitsa kale malamulo oyitanitsa ma SDR katatu kuposa momwe anaperekedwa chaka chatha; koma ma Republican adaletsa ku Senate. Komabe, Dipatimenti ya Treasury, yomwe ikuimira Washington ku IMF, ikhoza kusankha popanda Congress kuti ithandizire kugawidwa kwatsopano kwa SDRs ku IMF pafupifupi $ 650 biliyoni, monga momwe adachitira chaka chatha; ndipo zikanadzachitika nthawi yomweyo.
Palibe wochokera ku Treasury, kapena kwina kulikonse muulamuliro wa Biden, yemwe wanenapo zazachuma kuti pali vuto lililonse - kapena chiwopsezo chochepa - pakugawa kwatsopano kofanana. Ndipo kachiwiri: ziro mtengo ku bajeti ya US, kaya pano, kapena mtsogolo.
Chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi chatsika kwambiri kuyambira chaka chatha, ndipo mabanki ambiri apakati pakali pano akutsatira Fed ndikukweza chiwongola dzanja, ndikuchepetsanso ntchito zachuma. Banki Yadziko Lonse yadula zoneneratu za kukula kwachuma padziko lonse chaka chino pafupifupi theka, ndi anachenjezedwa kuti kukhwimitsa mikhalidwe yazachuma “kukhoza kukankhira maiko muvuto la ngongole lomwe tinawona m’ma 1980.” IMF yalengeza posachedwa kuti ichepetsanso chiwopsezo chake chakukula kwapadziko lonse kachitatu chaka chino. Kristalina Georgieva, Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa IMF anati kuti sakanatha kuletsa kugwa kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi.
Umu ndi momwe zinthu zilili zomwe kuperekedwa kwa chuma cha IMF kudapangidwira, kupeŵa kuwononga ndalama kwa anthu ku kuwonongeka kwachuma komwe kungalephereke.
Thandizo ku Ukraine
Boma la Biden lakhala likugogomezera kuthandizira kwake kwa anthu aku Ukraine, omwe chuma chawo chawonongeka kwambiri kuyambira pomwe nkhondo idayamba. Koma ndalama zazikulu kwambiri zothandizira zachuma ku US zomwe zaperekedwa ku Ukraine zakhala $7.5 biliyoni zinaphatikizapo mu bilu yoperekedwa ndi Congress mu Meyi. Kutulutsidwa kwatsopano kwa SDR kungapereke pafupifupi $ 2.75 biliyoni ku Ukraine, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu-ndipo mofulumira kwambiri, popanda ngongole kapena mikhalidwe.
Izi ndi zomwe Ukraine idapeza chaka chatha-koma sizodabwitsa kuti adadutsa $2.75 biliyoni iyi, ndipo afunsa kwa zambiri.
Oposa khumi ndi awiri a senators, kuphatikizapo Elizabeth Warren, ndi Sherrod Brown-wampando wa Senate Banking Committee-apempha Purezidenti Joe Biden ndi Mlembi wa Treasury Janet Yellen kuti atengepo gawo losavuta lothandizira kugawidwa kwatsopano kwa SDRs. Ndipo ambiri a Nyumba ya Oyimilira ali kale m'bwaloli.
Treasury iyenera kuchita izi nthawi isanathe. Ndi zomwe dziko likufuna, ndipo likufunika kwambiri kuti achite.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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