M'masiku ochepa Austin Locke abwerera ku Queens, New York, sitolo ya Starbucks yomwe adachotsedwa ntchito miyezi isanu ndi iwiri yapitayo. Adzalandiranso ndalama zobwezeredwa, komanso ndalama kuchokera ku zilango za anthu.
Locke anali ndi chandamale kumbuyo kwake chifukwa adachita nawo mgwirizano pasitolo, koma kubwezeretsedwa kwake sikunabwere kuchokera ku National Labor Relations Board. M'malo mwake, mlandu wake unatengedwa ndi dipatimenti ya Consumer and Worker Protection (DCWP) mumzinda wa New York, malinga ndi lamulo la mzindawu. wadutsa mu 2021 zomwe zimapangitsa kuwombera mopanda chilungamo m'zakudya zofulumira.
Malamulo awiri aposachedwa a mzindawo omwe amateteza ogwira ntchito pazakudya mwachangu, Lamulo la 2017 Fair Workweek Law ndi 2021 Just Cause lamulo, apangitsa kuti afufuze kafukufuku 230, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pafupifupi $ 27.1 miliyoni pamalipiro ophatikizana ndi kubweza kwa antchito oposa 20,100, malinga ndi Michael Lanza wa DCWP. . Chipotle adalipira $20 miliyoni mu Seputembala.
Tsopano khonsolo yamzindawu ikuganiza zopititsa patsogolo chitetezo ichi kwa anthu onse aku New York kudzera munjira Secure Jobs Act.
Ku Illinois, mgwirizano a mabungwe ndi malo ogwira ntchito akulimbikitsa kuti pakhale lamulo lofanana m'boma lonse. Malamulo omwe aperekedwawa amaperekanso malipiro ochotsedwa ntchito akachotsedwa ntchito.
Ogwira ntchito ambiri aku US omwe sanagwirizane ndi mapangano amgwirizano amawonedwa ngati "ogwira ntchito pakufuna," kutanthauza kuti akhoza kuchotsedwa ntchito pazifukwa zilizonse.
Pali zinthu zina zofunika kuzipatula: Ndizosaloledwa kale kuthamangitsa munthu chifukwa chosankhana mitundu, kusankhana mitundu, kapena kusankhana mitundu. Lamulo la ogwira ntchito limaletsanso olemba ntchito kuthamangitsa ogwira ntchito chifukwa chochita "zochita zogwirizana," kutanthauza kusonkhana ndi ogwira nawo ntchito kuti akonze ntchito. Koma zimakhala zovuta kutsimikizira cholinga pamene manejala angathe mwalamulo kukuthamangitsani chifukwa sakonda tsitsi lanu kapena malingaliro anu.
Pokhala ndi malamulo omveka, omwe amafunikira kuti pakhale ndondomeko yoyenera kuti asiye ntchito, "US idzakhala ikugwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi," anatero Paul Sonn wa National Employment Law Project. "M'zigawo zambiri za Canada, U.K., Mexico, Colombia, pali machitidwe omwe muyenera kupatsidwa chifukwa chabwino ndikudziwitsidwa pasadakhale, komanso kutsimikiziridwa kuti mwasiya."
In Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi NELP, magawo awiri pa atatu aliwonse a ku America akuganiza kuti payenera kukhala malamulo ofanana oteteza antchito.
Ngati zitsatiridwa bwino, chitetezo chazifukwa chokha chingapereke chitetezo chokwanira kwa ogwira ntchito onse kuti athe kulimbana ndi malo oopsa, kuzunzidwa, kupezerera anzawo, kufulumizitsa, ndi kuba ndalama.
Koma lamulo la New York City likuwonetsa kuti zitha kuthandizanso ogwira ntchito omwe akufuna mgwirizano. "Ndizothandiza," adatero Locke. "Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse yomwe mungathe kuti muthane ndi makampaniwa."
Locke adachotsedwa ntchito chifukwa chonena zabodza zachiwawa kuntchito komanso kusowa gawo la njira zowonera Covid. Kanemayo adamutsimikizira pamlandu woyamba ndipo wachiwiri adaphwanyidwa pafupipafupi popanda zotulukapo zake kupatula pa mlandu wake.
Njira yodandaulira inali yosavuta. Anati adalemba mapepala ndipo mzindawu udachita zina. Starbucks pamapeto pake idakhazikika, koma osayesa kuyika Locke pasitolo ina. Iye anakana. Mlandu wa NLRB wotsutsa kuthamangitsidwa kwake udathetsedwa ngati gawo la chigamulocho.
NJIRA YOYAMBA
Oyang'anira Starbucks adathamangitsa antchito a 200 panthawi yokonzekera yomwe idayamba ku Buffalo, New York, mu December 2021. Pakalipano ogwira ntchito adalemba kuti azindikire mgwirizano m'masitolo a 360 ndipo adapambana mu 285.
Starbucks sinayambe kuthamangitsa antchito nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi Casey Moore, barista wa Buffalo yemwe tsopano akugwira ntchito ku Workers United, gawo la Service Employees (SEIU) lomwe likuthandizira ntchitoyi.
Koma miyezi itatu mumgwirizanowu, adati, oyang'anira mabungwe adazindikira kuti, "'O, zopusa, tili ndi vuto lalikulu pano,' ndipo adawerengera pomwe adati, 'Chabwino, tichotsa antchito awa. Titha kukumana ndi zovuta zalamulo, koma izi sizoyipa ngati phindu lowopsa la ogwira ntchito. โ
Pa february 8, 2022 mamanejala a Starbucks ku Memphis, Tennessee, adayitanira ogwira ntchito asanu ndi awiri kumisonkhano yawoyawokha ndikuwachotsa onse pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, chimodzi mwazomwe chinali chakuti adachita msonkhano wa atolankhani m'sitolo.
Beto Sanchez, m'modzi mwa asanu ndi awiriwo, adati adauzidwanso kuti amachotsedwa ntchito chifukwa cholephera kuvala chigoba pomwe sali pantchito - ngakhale lamulo lomwe adatchulalo limafunikira masks pomwe akugwira ntchito.
Ogwira ntchito ku Memphis adapita poyera ndi mgwirizano wawo masabata atatu m'mbuyomu, pa Martin Luther King Day. Kuwomberaku kudapangidwa kuti kuyimitse kuyendetsa pochotsa ambiri a komiti yokonzekera.
Koma sizinagwire ntchito. Ngakhale Starbucks adalemba ganyu gulu la anthu atsopano, adavoterabe mgwirizanowu, womwe udapambana kwambiri.
"Zinawabwezeranso," adatero Sanchez, woyang'anira zosintha. "Starbucks ikuyembekeza kugwiritsa ntchito kuwombera kwathu ngati njira yochepetsera moto, kuwopseza anthu kuti asakonzekere, koma m'malo mwake idalimbikitsa anthu kuti akonzekere zambiri."
Atangotha โโ7, Sanchez adati, adawona zithunzi za ogwira ntchito m'masitolo akutali akuguba kwa bwana kapena akuyenda pa sitalaka atagwira "Kubwezeretsanso Memphis 7".
Kuwombera kwina kunachitika pambuyo pa mavoti amgwirizano, kaya mgwirizano wapambana kapena ayi. Victoria Conklin, woyang'anira malo ogulitsira ku East Robinson ku Buffalo, adachotsedwa ntchito pa Juni 22, patatha sabata limodzi sitolo yake itavotera mgwirizano. Anatsogolera kuyenda m'mawa wina pomwe ogwira nawo ntchito asanu ndi mmodzi adayimba chifukwa cha Covid. Poyamba bwana wake adawalola kuti atseke sitoloyo, koma adabwerera m'mbuyo ndikuwauza kuti adzaze maoda am'manja.
Oyang'anira adati Conklin adachotsedwa ntchito chifukwa chochedwa mphindi 30, kamodzi, masabata m'mbuyomo. Anachedwa, adatero, chifukwa anali wotopa chifukwa chogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri mofulumira komanso kutseka (kutseka usiku ndiyeno kutsegula m'mawa). Anapempha mobwerezabwereza kuti amupatse ndandanda yosiyana ndi imeneyi ndipo ankamukaniza.
Conklin akuyembekeza kumva ku NLRB mkati mwa Epulo, miyezi isanu ndi inayi atamuwombera. Kuchedwa kuli chifukwa Starbucks "imatimenyana ndi njira iliyonse," adatero Moore.
KUTULUKA KWA MAILOSI IMODZI
Joselyn Chuquillanqui akuyembekezerabe chilungamo, nayenso. Adachotsedwa ntchito pa Julayi 27, milungu itatu pambuyo pa Locke, chifukwa anali mtsogoleri pantchito yokonzekera sitolo yake ya Starbucks ku Great Neck, kunja kwa New York City. Iye anati: โNgakhale mtunda wa makilomita umodzi wokha, ndikanakhala ndi chifukwa chonditeteza.
Sitolo yonse ya Great Neck inasaina makhadi amgwirizano ndipo adawonekera pagulu mu February 2022. Koma oyang'anira atachita kampeni yolimbana ndi mgwirizano, bungweli lidalephera ndi voti imodzi. Pambuyo pake, "Ndinkadziwa kuti [menejala wanga] akufuna kundichotsa ntchito ndipo amangoyembekezera mwayi," adatero Chuquillanqui. Pambuyo pake adachotsedwa ntchito chifukwa chakutaya kiyi (adanenanso ndikutsata ndondomeko) komanso chifukwa chochedwa.
Ndondomeko ya NLRB ndi yovuta ndipo imagwira ntchito ngati ogwira ntchito angatsimikizire kuti achotsedwa ntchito chifukwa chochita zonse pamodzi. Zimadaliranso oweruza omwe angagwirizane ndi oyang'anira. Ndipo mosiyana ndi malamulo a mzinda wa New York, palibe lamulo loti awonongedwe kwa olemba anzawo ntchito, koma malipiro obwezera.
Starbucks imatsutsanso nthawi zonse zonena za kusowa kwa ntchito kwa ogwira ntchito. Chuquillanqui adayenera kumenya nkhondo kuti apeze macheke ake osagwira ntchito. "Starbucks anayesa kuchita apilo kawiri," adatero. "Iwo amangoyesa kundiwononga ndi chuma changa." Potsirizira pake anapambana zonena zake.
Conklin adachita apilo chigamulo cholakwika chosowa ntchito ndipo pamapeto pake adapambana, nayenso. Koma Sanchez adati Starbucks idaletsa Memphis 7 kulandira chipukuta misozi.
ZOYAMBIRA POPHUNZIRA $15
Lamulo la Just Cause ku New York lidalimbikitsidwa ndi SEIU ndipo lidatsatiridwa momveka bwino kuchokera ku Nkhondo ya $15. Makampani opanga zakudya zofulumira ku New York City tsopano akuyenera kulipira $15 pa ola, koma amaikabe ndondomeko zosakhazikika kwa antchito awo, akumanyalanyaza mapindu a malipiro apamwamba.
Pofuna kuthetsa nkhanza, SEIU mega-local 32BJ inagwira ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito yodya zakudya zofulumira kuti adutse Lamulo la Fair Workweek la mzinda mu 2017, lomwe limafuna chidziwitso cha masabata awiri pasadakhale kusintha kwa ndondomeko ndi malipiro a premium pakakhala zophwanya. Malamulo ofananawo akugwira ntchito ku San Francisco ndi Seattle.
Fair Workweek zikwangwani zimafunika m'gulu lililonse la chakudya chofulumira. Locke adati mamanenjala ake "akuyembekeza kuti palibe amene angawerenge chikwangwanicho." Anazifotokozera ogwira nawo ntchito, koma ngakhale ndondomeko ya malipiro a premium yolembedwa mukuda ndi yoyera, inali nkhani ina kuti oyang'anira azilipira.
Ndalamayi ndi yofunika. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo limapereka $ 45 ngati mwapatsidwa chidziwitso chochepera pa sabata la maola ochepetsedwa. Pali mtengo wa $ 100 wotseka, ndipo mutha kukana kusintha. Mu Seputembala, Chipotle adavomera kulipira $20 miliyoni mpaka 13,000 ogwira ntchito ku New York City ku Chipotle chifukwa chophwanya lamulo la sabata lantchito. Ogwira ntchito pa unyolo akukonzekera mothandizidwa ndi 32BJ.
Lamulo la Fast Food Just Cause lomwe linaperekedwa mu 2021 lidapangidwa kuti lipatse ogwira ntchito zosunga zobwezeretsera akafuna ufulu wawo wokonzekera komanso malipiro awo. Biluyo imaperekanso zilango zochepetsera mwadala mu maola - kutsekeka kwa lamulo la Fair Workweek.
Lamulo la The Just Cause limati mutatha masiku 30 oyesa, mukhoza kuchotsedwa ntchito mutalandira machenjezo, mwayi wokonza, ndi kuphunzitsidwanso. (Pali zochitika zina pamene wogwira ntchito amaika pangozi ogwira nawo ntchito kapena anthu.) Ndipo ngati kuwombera kwanu kunali kopanda chilungamo, mukhoza kubwezeredwa ndi malipiro obwezera.
"Kubwezeretsedwa ndiye chinsinsi chopangitsa kuti malamulowa akhale othandiza pokonzekera," atero a Rand Wilson, woyimira milandu wakale yemwe amagwira ntchito ku Teamsters for Democratic Union.
Montana ndi dziko limodzi la U.S. Ogwira ntchito molakwika kumeneko amatha kubweza ndalama zobweza zaka zinayi ndikubweza chindapusa, koma "sanabwezeretsedwe, chifukwa chake sichabwino," adatero Wilson. "Ngati mutha kubweza wina kuntchito atachotsedwa ntchito, azimva mosiyana kwambiri ndi mgwirizanowu."
MPHAMVU YOBWEZEDWA
Mphamvu imeneyo idawonetsedwa pomwe Memphis 7 idapambana kubwezeretsedwa mu Seputembala. Zochita za Starbucks zinali zonyansa kwambiri kotero kuti NRLB idapempha woweruza kuti awapatsenso ntchito pomwe mbali zina za mlanduwo zidapitilira makhothi.
"Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti akuzitenga mozama, komanso osamvera kulira kwa Starbucks," adatero Sanchez. Mlandu wawo wakubweza udakali pano.
Atabwezeredwa, Sanchez adati, panali zosunga zobwezeretsera m'masitolo ena, "chifukwa anthu adawona, Hei, anthu awa abwerera."
Sanchez adanena kuti NLRB ilibe antchito ochepa, monga masitolo a Starbucks, ndipo izi zachititsa kuti achedwe. Komabe, milandu ikupita patsogolo. "Ife timawapeza iwo pang'onopang'ono. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi masiku ake a khoti. Tangokonzeka kuti onse abwererenso ntchito zawo. โ
Ku Buffalo, Conklin adati ngati lingaliro lake la NLRB lili labwino ndipo apatsidwa kubwezeredwa, "Ndingabwerere. Ndikufuna kuwayang'ana m'maso: sindichoka, ndipo palibe chomwe mungachite. "
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